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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What two families of enzymes are involved with the development of osteoarthritis?
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Metalloproteinases
Cathepsins |
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What are three examples of metalloproteinases?What is a common factor among them?
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Collagenase
Gelatinase Stromelysin Zinc is a common factor for all three |
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What are the roles of tumor necrosis factor-tx (TNF-ot) and interleukin-1 (IL-1 )?
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Catabolic
Upregulate metalloproteinase production |
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What is more detrimental to articular cartilage: shear or compression?
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Shear (e.g., instability)
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With osteoarthritis development, what changes are seen in collagen order and relative concentration?
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Increasingly disordered
Relative increase in concentration as proteoglycan concentration decreases |
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What changes are seen in DNA within the chondrocytes?
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No change; remains essentially normal
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What changes are seen in rate of proteoglycan degradation?
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Markedly increased
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What changes are seen in proteoglycan concentration?
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Decreases
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What changes are seen in water content?
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Increases
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So, if a proteoglycan concentration determines water content, why does the water content increase in osteoarthritis when proteoglycan concentration decreases?
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Because the ordered structure of proteoglycan and cartilage in normal cartilage limits total water content
In osteoarthritis, although total proteoglycan concentration decreases, structure falls apart As a result, the water content increases in osteoarthritic cartilage |
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In osteoarthritis, what happens to chondroitin 4 concentration as a percentage of total chondroitin?
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Increases
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What happens to keratan sulfate concentration?
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Decreases
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What happens to modulus of elasticity?
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Decreases (decreased stiffness)
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What joint is most commonly affected by osteoarthritis?
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Knee
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What are two subchondral changes?
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Sclerosis
Subchondral cyst development |
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How do gross changes in cartilage appear?
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As microfractures
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What is the four-part Outerbridge classification of cartilage injury?
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I: cartilage softening
II: fragmentation, tissuring III: crabmeat appearance IV: exposed bone |
