Abnormal Psychology Personality Disorders

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antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)

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Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic) personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others. Similar to the non-DSM-IV-TR label psychopathy but with greater emphasis on overt behavior rather than personality traits.

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assessment gender bias

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Possibility that gender differences in the reported prevalence or diagnosis of certain diagnostic categories may be the result of prejudice in the assessment measures or the ways they are used.

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avoidant personality disorder

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Cluster C (anxious or fearful) personality disorder featuring a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism.

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borderline personality disorder

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Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic) personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, affects, and control over impulses. (dramatic, emotional, or erratic)

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catatonia

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Disorder of movement involving immobility or excited agitation.

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criterion gender bias

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Possibility that gender differences in the reported prevalence or diagnosis of certain diagnostic categories may be the result of prejudice in the defining criteria for the disorder.

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dependent personality disorder

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Cluster C (anxious or fearful) personality disorder characterized by a person''s pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, a condition that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation.

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depressive personality disorder

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Pervasive pattern dominated by dejection, self-criticism, and a judgmental stance toward other people; under consideration as a future DSM category.

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dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)

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Promising treatment for borderline personality disorder that involves exposing the client to stressors in a controlled situation, as well as helping the client regulate emotions and cope with stressors that might trigger suicidal behavior.

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emotional stability

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One of the dimensions of the five-factor model of personality and individual differences, involving being even-tempered as opposed to nervous, moody, and temperamental.

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fearlessness hypothesis

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One of the major theories of the etiology of antisocial personality disorder, stating that psychopaths are less prone to fear and thus less inhibited from dangerous or illicit activities.

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hebephrenia

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Silly and immature emotionality, a characteristic of some types of schizophrenia.

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histrionic personality disorder

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Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic) personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking.

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narcissistic personality disorder

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Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic) personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of grandiosity in fantasy or behavior, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.

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negativistic personality disorder

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Pervasive pattern of resisting routine requests and expectations and adopting a contrary attitude; considered for, but not included in, DSM-IV. Corresponds to former category known as passive-aggressive personality disorder.

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obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

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Anxiety disorder involving unwanted, persistent, intrusive thoughts and impulses, as well as repetitive actions intended to suppress them.

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obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

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Cluster C (anxious or fearful) personality disorder featuring a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency.

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paranoid personality disorder

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Cluster A (odd or eccentric) personality disorder involving pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent.

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passive-aggressive personality disorder

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Former diagnostic category not included in DSM-IV-TR for lack of sufficient research. See a similar category: negativistic personality disorder.

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personality disorders

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Enduring maladaptive patterns for relating to the environment and self, exhibited in a range of contexts that cause significant functional impairment or subjective distress.

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psychopathy

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Non-DSM-IV-TR category similar to antisocial personality disorder but with less emphasis on overt behavior. Indicators include superficial charm, lack of remorse, and other personality characteristics.

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sadistic personality disorder

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Pervasive pattern of deriving pleasure by inflicting pain on others; proposed as a category for DSM-III-R but not included in DSM-IV-TR.

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schizoid personality disorder

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Cluster A (odd or eccentric) personality disorder featuring a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions.

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schizotypal personality disorder

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Cluster A (odd or eccentric) personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of interpersonal deficits featuring acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships, as well as cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior.

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self-defeating personality disorder

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Pervasive pattern of being overly passive and accepting the pain and suffering imposed by others. A category proposed for DSM-III-R but not included in DSM-IV-TR for lack of research.

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sociopathic personality disturbances

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Obsolete term corresponding to the current category antisocial personality disorder. It included alcohol and drug abuse because these were considered merely symptoms of other problems.

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underarousal hypothesis

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Theory of the etiology of antisocial personality disorder suggesting psychopaths engage in dangerous or illicit behavior to stimulate the underaroused cerebral cortex in their brains.

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Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

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Organic brain syndrome resulting from prolonged heavy alcohol use, involving confusion, unintelligible speech, and loss of motor coordination. It may be caused by a deficiency of thiamine, a vitamin metabolized poorly by heavy drinkers.

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Yerkes-Dodson curve

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Inverted U-shaped graphical relationship between arousal and performance. Optimal performance occurs at intermediate levels of arousal. Psychopaths may engage in stimulus-seeking behavior to increase their low arousal to more useful levels.

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cluster A

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odd or eccentric disorders

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cluster B

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dramatic, emotional or erratic disorders

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cluster C

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anxious or fearful disorders