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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is an ancient operation in which a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skull, perhaps to treat abnormal behavior?
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Trephination
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________: the practice, begun in the 1960's, or releasing hundreds of thousands of patients from public mental hospitals.
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Deinstitutionalization
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Name the 4 D's
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Deviance
Distress Dysfunction Danger |
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What is deviance?
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different, extreme, unusual, perhaps even bizarre from societies norms.
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What is distress?
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the unpleasant and upsetting to a person. -behaviors, ideas, or emotions usually have to cause distress before they can be labeled as normal. (not always the case)
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What is dysfunction?
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-interfering with the persons ability to conduct daily activities in a constructive way. -Behavior tends to be dysfunctional: it interferes with daily functioning.
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What is danger?
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posing risk of harm. -behavior may be consistently careless, hostile, or confused.
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Who was Benjamin Rush?
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the father of american psychiatry
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Who was Dorothea Dix?
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Boston school teacher
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In the past, who wanted to use treatment to "rebalance?"
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Greek and Roman Treatment
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in the past, who saw abnormality as a conflict between good and evil?
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Europe in the middle ages.
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in the past, when did religious shrines devote to humane and loving treatment?
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Renaissance
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When did asylums arise?
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the renaissance
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What procedure was used to cure schizophrenia?
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Lobotomy
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What two perspective emerged in the 20th Century?
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-Somato-genic Perspective
-Psychogenic perspective |
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What did the somato-genic perspective say?
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abnormal functioning has physical causes. (fatigue)
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What did the psycho-genetic perspective say?
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abnormal functioning has psychological causes. (based on studies with hypnotism)
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What was discovered in the 1950's?
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Psychotropic medications
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Name 3 psychotropic drugs
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antipsychotics, antidepressants, and anxiolytics (anti-anxiety drugs)
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What led to de-institutionalization?
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the discovery of psychotropic medications
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what is a nerve cell?
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a neuron
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what is a chemical that, released by one neuron, crosses the synaptic space to be received at receptors on the dendrites of neighboring neurons?
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Neurotransmitter
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what is the psychological force that produces instinctual needs, drives, and impulses?
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ID
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what is the psychological force that employs reason and operates in accordance with the reality principle?
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Ego
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What are strategies developed by the ego to control unacceptable id impulses and to avoid or reduce the anxiety they arouse?
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Ego defense mechanisms
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what is the psychological force that represents a person's values and ideals?
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Superego
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what is a psychodynamic technique in which the patient describes any thought, feeling, or image that comes to mind, even if it seems unimportant?
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Free association
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what is the redirection toward the psychotherapist of feelings associated with important figures in a patient's life, now or in the past?
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Transference
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What is the humanistic therapy developed by Fritz Perls in which clinicians actively move clients toward self-recognition and self-acceptance by using techniques such as role playing and self-discovery exercises?
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Gestalt Theory
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In what theory is the goal to help clients recognize and restructure their thinking widely used in treating depression?
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Beck's Cognitive Model
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Who created the idea of "unconditional positive regard?"
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Roger's Humanistic
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Who had "client centered therapy"?
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Rogers
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What theory used "here and now" and "i" language?
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Gestalt Theory
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Name 3 characteristics of assessment tools:
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- must be standardized and have clear reliability and validity
-Reliability refers to the consistency of a test -Validity refers to the accuracy of a test |
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Name 2 types of reliability
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-test
-interrater reliability |
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What is interrater reliability?
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independent judges agree on how to score and interpret a particular test
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Name 3 types of validity
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Face validity
Predictive validity Concurrent validity |
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Name 6 clinical tests
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-Projectile tests
-Personality inventories -Response inventories -Psycho-physiological tests -Neurological and neuropsychological tests -intelligence tests |
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Name 4 types of projectile tests
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-Rorschach test
-Thematic apperception test -Sentence completion -drawing |
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Name 3 types of clinical observations
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naturalistic, analog, self monitoring
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What is axis I of the DSM-IV-TR?
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most frequently diagnosed disorders, except mental retardation and personality disorders.
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What is axis II of the DSM-IV-TR?
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Personality disorders and mental retardation (long standing problems)
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What is axis III of the DSM-IV-TR?
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Relevant general medical conditions
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What is axis IV of the DSM-IV-TR?
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Psychosocial and environmental problems
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what is axis V of the DSM-IV-TR?
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Global assessment of psychological, social, and occupational functioning
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