Abnormal Psychology Core Concepts 2Nd Edition

Front 1

According to the DSM-IV's definition of mental disorder impairment in one or more areas of functioning (disability)

Back 1

May be present but is not a necessary condition for making a diagnosis

Front 2

individuals who have alcohol problems tend to come from families with other individuals who have alcohol problems. This would suggest

Back 2

Although there is an association, no cause-effect relationship can be concluded

Front 3

why would a researcher want to insure that every person in the larger group of study has an equal chance of being included in the sample?

Back 3

It increases the researcher's ability to generalize findings for the larger group

Front 4

What do the cases of Monique and Donald Best illustrate?

Back 4

Abnormal behavior covers a wide range of behavioral disturbances

Front 5

The mayor of a city wants to know the number of new cases of a disorder over the past year...

Back 5

incidence rate

Front 6

ideally a sample is described as what

Back 6

representative

Front 7

the fact that body piercings are commonplace today while they would once have been viewed as abnormal illustrates...

Back 7

The values of a society may change over time

Front 8

Which mental health professional has a doctoral degree in psychology with both research and clinical skill specialization?

Back 8

clinical psychologist

Front 9

A researcher who provides a certain treatment for one group and withholds treatment from a completely comparable group is using

Back 9

Experimental method

Front 10

in a study of the effects of ice cream on mood, the mood after ice cream exposure can be described as

Back 10

dependent variable

Front 11

the Solarists are a cult whose members believe that they control the movements of the sun with special hand gestures...

Back 11

while some of this group's members ay meet criteria for a DSM-IV diagnosis, the DSM-IV does not diagnose groups

Front 12

why is it important to have some understanding of what causes a psychological disorder

Back 12

the selection of a treatment approach is largely determined by assumptions of causality

Front 13

which of the following is an example of an analogue study?

Back 13

rats prenatally exposed to alcohol are studied to further our understanding of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Front 14

all were likely to be part of moral treatment in the 1800's except

Back 14

antipsychotic medication

Front 15

according to early beliefs, what would characterize an individual with an excess of blood?

Back 15

happiness

Front 16

in 1983, a large group of West Bank Palestinian girls showed signs of illness. Some thought they were poisoned, but later it was discovered that psychological factors play a key role

Back 16

mass madness

Front 17

benjamin Rush is credited with all of the following except

Back 17

taking a scientific approach to the study and treatment of mental disorders

Front 18

which is recognized as a major biomedical breakthrough in psychopathology because it established the link b/w mental and physical illnesses?

Back 18

teh discovery of the cause and later a cure for general paresis (syphilitic insanity)

Front 19

both _______ and ______ studied the effects of consequences on the occurrence of behaviors

Back 19

Thorndike; Skinner

Front 20

by the end of the nineteenth century

Back 20

little was known about most mental illnesses

Front 21

all are credited with emphasizing the link b/w brain pathology and mental illnesses except

Back 21

dix

Front 22

in the United States, an early treatment involved the belief that

Back 22

patients needed to choose rationality over insanity and treatments were designed to intimidate patients into choosing correctly

Front 23

which is true?

Back 23

genes play a role in most mental disorders

Front 24

Schmas

Back 24

may be a source of psychological vulnerability

Front 25

why is it difficult to determine the nature of the relationship b/w divorce and psychological functioning of family members?

Back 25

cause and effect cannot be determined as preexisting behavioral abnormalities in either the parents or the children may make divorce more likely

Front 26

suppose that, using linkage analysis, a researcher finds that family members with a high likelihood of developing depression also are very likely to be of below average height

Back 26

the gene for depression is probably located near the gene for height

Front 27

sammy was deprived of his mother and father's love as a child. Operant conditioning theorists...

Back 27

a lack of social skills; dysfunctional self-schemas

Front 28

michael develops an intense phobia of snakes after stepping on one and being bitten during a hike. Being bitten by the snake is a ...

Back 28

proximal casual factor

Front 29

which is an example of family aggression

Back 29

karen, her mother, and her grandmother all have been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder

Front 30

why is it dangerous to make conclusions based on case studies?

Back 30

conclusions based on so little data are likely to be flawed

Front 31

comorbidity means

Back 31

that a person has two or more disorders

Front 32

what trype of prevalence data only counts active cases of a disorder

Back 32

point prevalence

Front 33

the physicians of nancy school

Back 33

demonstrated the power of suggestion

Front 34

the emergence of humanism brought about changes in all except

Back 34

an increse in the belief in supernatural causes of behavior

Front 35

what parental style is characterised by warmth, control, and communication

Back 35

authoritative

Front 36

a ______ serves to guide our processing of information and may serve to distort memories

Back 36

schema

Front 37

which typically involves the use of trained observers

Back 37

direct observation

Front 38

people in the middle ages

Back 38

believed that most wiches and mentally ill people were possessed by demons, but in different way

Front 39

andrea and her parents are shy and quiet...

Back 39

an evocative effect of genotype in environment

Front 40

what is a good control group for a research study on people with eating disorders

Back 40

a group that is comparable to those with eating disorders except they eat normally

Front 41

Which of the following is a sufficient element to determine abnormality?

Back 41

there is no sufficient element

Front 42

several studies have found that there is a correlation in children between amount of television watched and weight. What is one of the problems with using this finding to report that watching lots of TV makes children obese?

Back 42

it is just possible that being obese causes children to watch more television

Front 43

to determine whether certain characteristics are true of people in general, an not just of people with mental disorders, it is important to use

Back 43

control group

Front 44

carl is asked to provide information about his drinking. Despite the fact that he ahs had several arrests for driving with intoxicated, Carl reports that he ahs no problems with drinking. This is an example of

Back 44

the problems with self reported data

Front 45

what is importtant to remember about the apprent lifetime rate of mental disorders

Back 45

many people with mental disorders are not seriously affected by them or may have them for only a short time

Front 46

what is wrong with describing someone as being schizophrenic

Back 46

lables should be applied to disorders not people

Front 47

a researcher who studies children who are home-schooled and compares them to children who attend school is using the ____ research method

Back 47

correlation

Front 48

according to the DSM, when is deviant behavior viewed as indicative of a mental disorder?

Back 48

when it is a symptom of a dysfunction in the individual

Front 49

which of the following mental health professionals has a medical degree

Back 49

psychiatrist

Front 50

which of the following statements is true concerning classification systems for mental disorders?

Back 50

classification systems meet the needs of medical insurance companies who need diagnoses in order to authorize payment of claims

Front 51

which of the following is included in the DSM

Back 51

a means of identifying different mental disorders

Front 52

if you visited an asylum in the 16th century in Eurpoe you would likely find

Back 52

mentally ill people living in conditions of filth and cruelty

Front 53

a behavioral psychologist would be most likely to use

Back 53

observational techniques

Front 54

mesmer was a proponent of

Back 54

the power of animal magnetism

Front 55

which of the following approaches to treatment focuses amost exclusively on physical well-being

Back 55

mental hygiene

Front 56

the doctrine of the four humours

Back 56

was an explanatino for personality traits

Front 57

free association and dream analysis

Back 57

proved insight into the workings of the unconcious

Front 58

by the end of the 19th century

Back 58

little was known aboaut most mental diseases

Front 59

a catharsis is

Back 59

an emotional release

Front 60

dana's mother suffers from serious depressive episodes. dana is likely to

Back 60

be a risk for depression herself

Front 61

etiology is

Back 61

the casual pattern of a disorder

Front 62

why is it particularly useful to study identical twins who are raised in different environments?

Back 62

it is possible that high concordance rates between identical twins reared together is due to their being treated more similarly than non-identical twins.

Front 63

according to the text, which of the following has not be identified as a potential protective factor?

Back 63

an outgoign personality

Front 64

the process of assigning causes to things that happen is called

Back 64

attribution

Front 65

one of Freud's major contribution to current perspectives of mental disorders is

Back 65

theconcept of the unconscious and how it can affect behavior

Front 66

which of the following is an example of family aggregation

Back 66

karen, her mother, and her grandmother all have been diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder

Front 67

in Dr. Lu's study of eating disorders, she looked at the academic histories of girls with an eating disorder and girls who did not have such problem. In this example, the girls without eating disorders and the ____ group.

Back 67

control

Front 68

which of the following is an example of an ABAB design

Back 68

a subject is observed both before and after two exposures to the treatment

Front 69

in 1893, Breuer and Freud published a paper on hysteria. In it they announced that

Back 69

unconscious factors can determine behavior and produce mental disorders

Front 70

what is the focus of the field of developmental psychopathology?

Back 70

to understand what is within the range of normal development so as to have a better understanding of what is abnormal

Front 71

which of the following is NOT a culture bound syndrome

Back 71

hoopa

Front 72

an important first step in studying a particular disorder is

Back 72

determinging the criteria for identifying people who have the disorder

Front 73

the first classification of mental disorders involved

Back 73

recognizing symptoms that occurred together often enough to be regarded as a type of mental disorder

Front 74

when examining heredity, mental disorders are almost always

Back 74

caused by multiple genes

Front 75

in most prospective studies

Back 75

children who share a risk factor for a disorder are studied before signs of the disorder show up

Front 76

the level of success achieved with the use of moral management is surprising because

Back 76

may patients suffered from syphillis that was, at the time, incurable

Front 77

exorcism is

Back 77

still occasionally practiced today for the treatment of psychological problems, sometimes with fatal results

Front 78

one of Aristotole's most major contributions to psychology was

Back 78

his description of conciousness

Front 79

the physicians of Alexandria, Egypt in the era after Alexander the Great were most likely to treat mental patients by

Back 79

providing activites, massage, and education

Front 80

which of the following statements about brain dysfunction and psychiatric disorders is FALSE?

Back 80

identifiable brain damage is often the cause of psychiatric disorders

Front 81

contemporary of Pinel's in England who started a Quaker religious retreat for the mentally ill was

Back 81

william tuke

Front 82

who is considered to be the "father" of behaviorism?

Back 82

watson

Front 83

at the start of the twentieth century in America, public attitudes toward the mentally ill

Back 83

were characterised by fear, horror, and ignroance

Front 84

Shackling a patient to a wall with little food or heat would be most typical of

Back 84

the early asylums in eurpoe

Front 85

abused toddlers and infants

Back 85

are likely to show inconsistent attaachment behavior

Front 86

Dr. Katz is researching the causes of phobias. He puts an ad in a newspaper asking for people who have an intense, distressing fear of snakes to come and participate in his study. The major problem with this is

Back 86

he is not getting a representative sample

Front 87

The "neurasthenia" recognized in the 1800s resembles todays diagnosis of

Back 87

depression

Front 88

A lack of social skills, poor school performance, and moodiness have all been associated with which of the following parenting styles?

Back 88

neglectful-involved

Front 89

What was the purpose of the early asylums?

Back 89

to remove those who could not care for themselves from society

Front 90

what is important to remember about the apparent high lifetime rate of mental disorders?

Back 90

many people with disorder are not seriously affected by them or may have them for only a short time

Front 91

highly coordinated children are picked out at an early age by coaches and given special opportunities to excel at sports. Extraverted children seek out social situations and become unusually comfortable with strangers. Both of these phenomena illustrate

Back 91

genotype-environment correlations

Front 92

when examining heredity, mental disorders are almost always

Back 92

influenced by multiple genes

Front 93

Nancy School/Charcot debate is best described as one that focuses on

Back 93

psychology vs biology

Front 94

the site of communication between two neurons is the

Back 94

synapse

Front 95

what trend was observed during the Middle Ages in Europe?

Back 95

supernatural explanations for mental disorders grew in popularity.

Front 96

a psychologist reports a single case of a disorder, detailing the person's feelings and responses. This research strategy is

Back 96

weak because it rarely provides information we can generalize to others with the disorder.

Front 97

psychosocial perspective was initially developed through laboratory research?

Back 97

behavioral

Front 98

tracy and Shahid are both 3 months old. Tracy is highly active, easily irritated, and cries easily. Shahid is quiet, adapts easily to change, and seems fearless. These differences illustrate

Back 98

differences in temperament

Front 99

freud is the first to describe the ________: that the mind could contain information of which it is unaware, but by which it is still affected

Back 99

unconcious

Front 100

what do the textbook authors identify as the most problematic element of Wakefield's definition of mental disorder?

Back 100

we have yet to discover the dysfunction that underlies most mental disorders.

Front 101

cicero was feeling depressed. He sought help from Hippocrates. Hippocrates would probably have

Back 101

prescribed exercise, tranquility, and celibacy

Front 102

in ancient societies, if a person's abnormal conduct consisted of speech that appeared to have a religious or mystical significance, then the person was

Back 102

thought to be possessed by a good spirit or god

Front 103

Children from lower-SES families

Back 103

are less likely to show ill effects of SES status if they possess a high IQ and develop healthy attachments to adults and peers.

Front 104

What did Seligman find by studying dogs exposed to uncontrollable shock?

Back 104

Seligman found that uncontrollable shock led the dogs to behave much like depressed humans.

Front 105

Which of the following did Freud believe played a causal role in the development of most forms of psychopathology?

Back 105

anxiety disorders

Front 106

Behaviorists suggest maladaptive behavior can be a result of

Back 106

failure to learn adaptice behaviors

Front 107

newer psychodynamic perspectives

Back 107

do not view the libido as a primary determinant of behavior

Front 108

Behaviorists suggest maladaptive behavior can be a result of

Back 108

is possessed at a nonconcious level

Front 109

Which of the following psychodynamic elements of the personality can be described as impulsive and selfish?

Back 109

id

Front 110

hippocrates suggested marriage as a cure for

Back 110

hysteria in women

Front 111

Learning not to do something because you are punished when you do it is an example of

Back 111

instrumental learning

Front 112

The effects of early social deprivation

Back 112

are explained differently by the various psychosocial perspectives.

Front 113

During the first half of the twentieth century, mental hospital care would best be characterized as

Back 113

punitive

Front 114

normal human cells have

Back 114

22 chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes

Front 115

Archaeology and early writing indicate that the first people to think that the brain was the site of mental functions were the

Back 115

ancient egyptians

Front 116

Todd and his siblings have parents who are physically abusive to each other. When they fight, they expect Todd to stay quiet and keep the other children under control. They allow the other children to cry and hide, but Todd must stay in the room with them and referee. This is an example of

Back 116

a nonshared environmental influence

Front 117

In 1893, Breuer and Freud published a paper on hysteria. In it they announced that

Back 117

unconcious factors can determine behavior and produce mental disorders

Front 118

what is a culture-specific

Back 118

a disorder seen only in certain cultures

Front 119

A child consistently identified as behaviorally inhibited is most likely to

Back 119

be diagnosed with an anxiety disorder as an adult

Front 120

Finding meaning in life and dealing with death form core values in which of the following perspectives?

Back 120

existential

Front 121

Stereotyping is an example of the stigma of mental illness. It means

Back 121

the automatic and often incorrect beliefs people have about people with mental illness

Front 122

A significant positive correlation is found between variables x and y. Which of the following may be safely inferred?

Back 122

as x increases, y increases

Front 123

Dorothea Dix

Back 123

is credited with establishing numerous humane mental hospitals in many countries

Front 124

Fred refuses to speak at school, although he speaks normally at home. His therapist plans out a treatment where Fred is given a gold star every time he answers his teacher, and he can then trade in his stars for prizes. Fred begins speaking in class. The therapist then tells the teacher to stop the program for a couple of weeks. Fred stopped talking during that time. The teacher then starting giving Fred stars again, and Fred again began to talk. This is an example of

Back 124

an ABAB experimental desgin study

Front 125

Wakefield's conception of "mental disorder" included the idea of ________________as most central to diagnosis.

Back 125

harmful dysfunction

Front 126

Behaviorists suggest maladaptive behavior can be a result of

Back 126

failure to learn adaptive behaviors

Front 127

If trait is highly heritable, it would be expected that

Back 127

the concordance for monozygotic twins would be greater than the concordancecrate for dizygotic twins

Front 128

To determine whether certain characteristics are true of people in general, and not just of people with mental disorders, it is important to use

Back 128

a control group

Front 129

The disorder Koro, where males fear that their genitals have retracted into their body, possibly leading to death, is similar to the episodes of mass madness during the Black Death because

Back 129

both demonstrated the effect that sociocultural stressors can have on mental functioning of large groups of people.

Front 130

Which of the following is a disadvantage of having a classification system for mental disorders?

Back 130

when a label is used to describe an individual's behavior, information about the person is lost

Front 131

Witmer is credited with

Back 131

being the founder of clinical psychology

Front 132

each of the following is one of the four humors except

Back 132

phrenities

Front 133

phillippe pinel

Back 133

beleived that mental patients were illl and needed to be treated as such - with kindness and caring

Front 134

genes

Back 134

determine the range of characteristics a person has

Front 135

Which of the following approaches to treatment focuses almost exclusively on physical well-being?

Back 135

mental hygiene

Front 136

what do genes consist of

Back 136

DNA

Front 137

in the field of ab. psych what does DSM stand for

Back 137

diagnostic and statistical manual

Front 138

in most prospective studies

Back 138

children who share a risk factor for a disorder are studied before signs of the disorder show up

Front 139

When comparing modern concepts of abnormal behavior with those of ancient civilizations, we find

Back 139

some striking similiarities

Front 140

Norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and GABA are all

Back 140

neurotransmitters that are involoved in psychopathology

Front 141

Lasting negative effects of abuse on psychological functioning are most likely when the abuse occurs in

Back 141

early childhood

Front 142

________ is a necessary first step toward introducing order to any discussion of the cause or treatment of abnormal behavior.

Back 142

classification

Front 143

which variable is manipulated in an experiment

Back 143

independent

Front 144

Who is credited with making the first major steps toward understanding the psychological factors involved in mental illness?

Back 144

sigmund freud

Front 145

Dr. Luigi has discovered that the more spaghetti people eat, the less likely they are to be diagnosed with depression. Based on this finding, what statement can be made about the relationship between spaghetti and depression?

Back 145

there is a negative correlation between spaghetti and depression

Front 146

What does the case of JGH, a Native American elder, illustrate?

Back 146

A person may focus on somatic symptoms, rather than mood, when depressed.

Front 147

A common treatment for mental illness during the Middle Ages in Europe was

Back 147

exorcism

Front 148

Which method for studying genetic influences fails to control for the possible effect of sharing a common environment?

Back 148

family history or pedigree method

Front 149

Reuptake of neurotransmitters is

Back 149

the process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the axon

Front 150

Behaviorism was

Back 150

a reaction to what the behaviorists perceived as a lack of scientific rigor in psychoanalysis

Front 151

Which one of the following increased the availability of treatment for the mentally ill in the United States?

Back 151

dix

Front 152

Practically speaking, "abnormal" behavior means

Back 152

unusual behaviors that are not consistent with the norms of the society in which they are displayed

Front 153

A major scientific problem with analogue studies is

Back 153

the difficulty of generalizing to the naturally occuring phenomenon

Front 154

behavrioists suggest maladaptive behavior can be a result of

Back 154

failure to learn adaptive behaviors

Front 155

According to cognitive theorists, a lot of information that contributes to a person's psychopathology

Back 155

is processed at a nonconcious level

Front 156

A diathesis can best be described as a

Back 156

contributory case

Front 157

Freud's view of mental disorders was that they were a result of

Back 157

unresoved conflicts between the id, the ego, and the superego

Front 158

The central principle of classical conditioning is that

Back 158

after repeated pairings with a stimulus that naturally causes a response, a neutral stimulus will cause a similar response.

Front 159

Damage to the pituitary would most likely lead to

Back 159

a hormonal imbalance

Front 160

Mesmer was a proponent of

Back 160

the power of animal magnetism

Front 161

After cheating on her husband, Julia accused her husband of cheating on her. Such behavior is explained by which of the following defense mechanism?

Back 161

projection

Front 162

John Bowlby's attachment theory emphasized

Back 162

the quality of parental care in forming attachments

Front 163

a protective facor is

Back 163

an influence that modifies a persons response to environmental stressors

Front 164

Attractive children and unattractive babies tend to be treated differently. In other words, an infant's physical phenotype may alter how others respond to him or her. What type of genotype-environment correlation is this an example of?

Back 164

evocative

Front 165

Which one of the following is credited with developing a classification system for mental disorders?

Back 165

kraepelin

Front 166

Abused infants and toddlers

Back 166

are likely to show inconsistent attachment behavior

Front 167

What do the three psychosocial viewpoints addressed in this chapter all have in common?

Back 167

all emphasize the impact of early experiences

Front 168

Normally, the enzyme monoamine oxidase is involved in the breaking down of some neurotransmitters. This process is called

Back 168

deactivation

Front 169

a psychologist who studied the relationship between sociocultural factors and mental disorders would be most likely to study

Back 169

poverty and racial discrimination

Front 170

In Dr. Lu's study of eating disorders, she looked at the academic histories of girls with an eating disorder and girls who did not have such problem. In this example, the girls without eating disorders are the ________ group.

Back 170

control

Front 171

The four parenting styles described in the text differ along two dimensions, warmth and control. The style associated with the most positive developmental outcome is best described as ________ in warmth and ________ in control

Back 171

high, moderately high

Front 172

The use of malarial fever to treat paresis

Back 172

represented the first clear-cut defeat of a mental disorder by medicine

Front 173

The approaches to treatment of the mentally ill during the Middle Ages in Europe are best characterized as

Back 173

superstitious

Front 174

An elementary school principal wants to know the best predictors of juvenile delinquency and dropping out of school in high school so she can provide preventive interventions. Your best advice is:

Back 174

'the best predictor is aggression toward peers, which leads to peer rejection"

Front 175

It is a hot day and a child sprays you with a garden hose. You might react with amusement (and even thanks!) or considerable anger. The fact that one event can be interpreted in different ways is central to the ________ approach to therapy.

Back 175

cognitive

Front 176

who is considered to the founder of american psychiatry

Back 176

benjamin rush

Front 177

childhood abuse is commonly seen in those who develop dissociative disorders later in life. Childhood abuse would best be described as a

Back 177

distal contributory cause

Front 178

most people with psychological disorders

Back 178

delay seeking treatment, sometimes for many years

Front 179

why was the malarial therapy effective in treating general paresis

Back 179

the fever that was induced killed off the cause of the observed symptoms

Front 180

which of the following would be characteristic of the treatment provided by the first mental hospitals or sanatoria used by the Romans and Greeks

Back 180

warm baths and massages

Front 181

the work of Dorothea Dix has been criticized for

Back 181

interfering with the provision of moral therapy

Front 182

cross cultural research on stress demonstrates that

Back 182

responses to stress vary cross-culturally

Front 183

which of the following occurred in the late twentieth century

Back 183

a movement of the mentally ill from instituions to the community

Front 184

most mental health treatment

Back 184

occurs in an outpatient setting

Front 185

In the United States, the standard for defining types of mental disorders is contained in the

Back 185

Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders

Front 186

new perceptions and experiences tend to be worked into our existing schemas, even if the new information must be distorted to fit them. this process is called

Back 186

assimilation

Front 187

who was one of the first physicians in the early 1500's to criticize the idea that mental illness was due to demon possession (although he did believe the moon influenced the brain)?

Back 187

Paracelus

Front 188

the central principle of operant conditioning is that

Back 188

the consequences of behavior influence its likelihood of being repeated

Front 189

dr. simon, a psychiatrist, takes a biopsychosocial viewpoint of psychopathology. Which of the following treatments is he most likely to suggest for Julia's current state of depression?

Back 189

a combination of psychological therapy and antidepressant drugs

Front 190

a major finding from the National Comodbidity Survey was that

Back 190

over half of the people with a history of one serious disorder had wo o more comorbid disorders

Front 191

which of the following is not an example of the three phenomena that the term resilience has been used to describe

Back 191

after failing french the first time, Carl did not earn a passing grade when he took the course for a second time

Front 192

in the diathesis-stress model, a stressor is

Back 192

a necessary or contributory cause that is proximal to the onset of symptoms

Front 193

what is the most important limitation of correlational studies

Back 193

the cannot determine cause and effect

Front 194

why are correlational (observational) research designs often used in abnormal psychology?

Back 194

it is often unethical or impossible to directly manipulatethe variables involved in abnormal psychology

Front 195

a psychologist who takes an eclectic approach is most likely to make which of the following statements

Back 195

i will accept any explanation from psychoanalytic to biological as long as it works

Front 196

which of the following is a criticism of traditional psychoanalytic theory

Back 196

lack of scientific evidence

Front 197

the loss of a parent may be

Back 197

a diathesis and or a stressor

Front 198

a researcher says, "these studies make it too easy for investigators to find the background facots they expect to find. however, they are more valid if we find documents like school reports that show the background factor before the disorder emerges." What kind of research strategy is the researcher referring to?

Back 198

retrospective strategies

Front 199

what is trephining

Back 199

an ancient practice in which a hole was drilled in the skull to release evil spirits

Front 200

who studied how to deal with mentally ill criminals and concluded that such individuals were not responsible for their actions

Back 200

Plato

Front 201

describing a disorder as acute means that

Back 201

is a disorder that is short in duration

Front 202

the trend toward deinstitutionalization in recent years means that

Back 202

people are hospitalized more briefly and then treated on an outpatient basis

Front 203

a predisposition toward developing a disorder

Back 203

is called a diathesis

Front 204

"Bedlam" in London was one of several hospitals for the mentally ill in different countries that

Back 204

exhibited their patients for profit

Front 205

the genetic influences that determine behavior may never be fully understood due to

Back 205

the likelihood that most behaviors are determined by the interaction of many genes and the environment

Front 206

during the late nineteenth century, alienists

Back 206

incorporated moral management therapy into treatments

Front 207

which statement about treatment of abnormal behavior in the Middle Ages is accurate

Back 207

Islamic forms of treatment were more humane than European approaches

Front 208

which perspective or viewpoint focuses on intrapsychic conflicts as the cause of psychopathology

Back 208

psychodynamic

Front 209

cortisol is a hormone that

Back 209

the adrenal gland produces that mobilizes the body to deal with stress

Front 210

kraepelin is credited with

Back 210

identifying different types of mental disorders

Front 211

what is the value of using an ABAB design

Back 211

the effects of a single form of treatment are studied twice in the same subject

Front 212

researchers have observed that women who wear bras for more than 16 hours a day are more liekly to develop breast cancer than those who spend less time in a bra. In other words, there is a correlation between wearinga bra and breast cancer. Based on this finding, which of the following statements is true

Back 212

some additinoal variable may serve to explain the relationship obseved between wearing a bra and developing cancer

Front 213

all of the following are disadvantages of classifying and diagnosing mental disorders except

Back 213

providing structure

Front 214

if fraternal (or dizygotic) twins are more likely to be concordant for a trait than other siblings, can it be concluded that the higher cocordance rate is due to the greater degree of genetic relatedness?

Back 214

no, because fraternal twins are no more gentically alike than other siblings

Front 215

the DSM acknowledges that

Back 215

a DSM diagnosis is only the first step, much more is needed to determine treatment

Front 216

while neurological assessment procedures evaluate the brain's physical properties, neuropsychological assessment focuses on

Back 216

client performance

Front 217

making a new experience fit existing frameworks is associated with ________; changing our existing frameworks to incorporate a new experience is associated with ________.

Back 217

assimilation, accomodation

Front 218

which of the following best illustrates high reliability

Back 218

two interviewers diagnose the same disorder after talking to the same client

Front 219

alicia developed a fear of spiders after being bitten by one. However, she has no problems looking at pictures of spiders. This is an example of

Back 219

discrimination

Front 220

which of the following most accurately describes the notion of different viewpoints of abnormal behavior

Back 220

each viewpoint offers its own explanation of abnormal behavior