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19 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
Alzheimer's Disease
A progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by deterioration in memory, cognition, and basic self-care skills.
Amnestic Disorder
Striking deficit in the ability to recall ongoing events more than a few minutes after they have taken place, or the inability to recall the recent past.
Amyloid Plaques
Found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease, these deposits of aluminum silicate and abnormal protein (beta amyloid) are believed to cause loss of neurons.
Anterograde Amnesia
Loss of memory for events that occur following trauma or shock.
APOE-E4 Allele
Variant of a gene on chromosome 19 that significantly enhances risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
Delirium
State of mental confusion characterized by relatively rapid onset of widespread disorganization of the higher mental processes, caused by a generalized distrubance in brain metabolism. May include impaired perception, memory, and thinking and abnormal psychomotor activity.
Dementia
Progressive deterioration of brain functioning occurring after the completion of brain maturation in adolescence. Characterized by deficits in memory, abstract thinking, acquisition of new knowledge or skills, visuospatial comprehension, motor control, problem solving, and judgement.
Early-onset Alzheimer's Disease
Form of Alzheimer's disease that appears in people who are younger than approximately 60 years of age. Thought to be caused by genetic mutations.
Functional Mental Disorders
Outdated term used to refer to disorders that were not considered to have an organic basis.
HIV-associated Dementia
Generalized atrophy, edema, inflammation, and patches of demyelination as a result of either rare infections caused by parasites and fungi or from the virus damaging the brain directly.
Huntington's Disease
A rare and fatal degenerative disorder which is manifested in jerking, twitching movements and mental deterioration. Caused by a dominant gene on chromosome 4. Formerly called Huntington's chorea.
Late-onset Alzheimer's Disease
The occurrence of Alzheimer's disease in the more elderly. One gene thought to be involved in this form of Alzheimer's disease is the APOE gene.
Neurofibrillary Tangles
Twisted and weblike nerve filaments that characterize the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Organic Mental Disorders
Outdated term used to refer to disorders that resulted from some identifiable brain pathology.
Parkinson's Disease
A neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor problems (rigidity, tremors) and caused by destruction of dopamine neurons in the brain.
Retrograde Amnesia
Loss of memory for events that occurred during a circumscribed period prior to brain injury or damage.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Brain damage resulting from motor vehicle crashes, bullets, or other objects entering the brain, and other severe impacts to the head.
Vascular Demntia (VAD)
A brain disorder in which a series of small strokes destroy neurons, leading to brain atrophy and behavioral impairments that are similar to Alzheimer's disease.
Korsakoff's Syndrome
An amnestic disorder cause by deficiency in vitamin B1 (thiamine) that can sometimes be reversed if it is detected early enough and vitamin B1 is given.