Abnormal Psychology Anxiety Disorders

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acute PTSD

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Posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosed 1 to 3 months following the traumatic event.

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acute stress disorder

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Diagnosis of PTSD immediately post-trauma.

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agoraphobia

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Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult.

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animal phobia

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Unreasonable, enduring fear of animals or insects that usually develops early in life.

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anxiety

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Negative mood state with physical tension apprehension about the future.

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autonomic restrictors

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People with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) that show lower heart rate, blood pressure and respiration rate activity than do people with other anxiety disorders.

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behavioral inhibition system (BIS)

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Brain circuit in the limbic system that responds to threat signals by inhibiting activity and causing anxiety.

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blood injury injection phobia

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Unreasonable fear and avoidance of exposure to blood, injury, or the possibility of an injection. Victims experience fainting and a drop in blood pressure.

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choking phobia

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Fear and avoidance of swallowing pills, foods, and fluids, which may lead to significant weight loss. Also known as hypersensitive gag reflex or globus hystericus.

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chronic PTSD

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Posttraumatic stress disorder that endures longer than 3 months and is associated with greater avoidance and a higher likelihood of comorbidity with additional disorders.

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delayed-onset PTSD

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Posttraumatic stress disorder with onset more than 6 months after the traumatic event.

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depersonalization

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Altering of perception that causes people to temporarily lose a sense of their own reality; most prevalent in people with the dissociative disorders. There is often a feeling of being outside observers of their own behavior.

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fear

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Immediate reaction to present danger or life-threatening emergencies.

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fight/flight system (FFS)

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Immediate alarm and escape response resembling human panic.

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generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

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Anxiety disorder characterized by continuous worry that is distressing , accompanied by physical symptoms of tenseness, irritability, and restlessness.

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illness phobia

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Fear of the possibility of contracting a disease combined with irrational behaviors to avoid contracting it.

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information transmission

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Warnings about the feared object repeated so often that the person develops a phobia solely on the basis of hearing them.

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interoceptive avoidance

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Avoidance of situations or activities, such as exercise, that produce internal physical arousal similar to the beginnings of a panic attack.

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locus cereleus

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Area in the hindbrain that is part of a noradrenergic circuit. It is involved in emergency and alarm reactions.

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monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors

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Medications that treat depression and severe social anxiety by blocking an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin.

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natural environment phobia

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Fear of heights, storms, and water.

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obsessions

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Recurrent thoughts or impulses the client seeks to suppress while recognizing they are not imposed by outside forces.

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obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

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Anxiety disorder involving unwanted,thoughts and impulses, as well as repetitive actions intended to suppress them.

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panic

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Sudden, overwhelming fright or terror.

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panic attack

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Abrupt fear or discomfort accompanied by dizziness or heart palpitations.

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panic control treatment (PCT)

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Cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic attacks, involving gradual exposure to feared object or situation and modification of perceptions about them.

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panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA)

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Fear and avoidance of situations the person believes might induce a panic attack.

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phobic avoidance

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Extreme shunning of feared objects or situations displayed by people with phobias.

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posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

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Emotional disorder that follows exposure to a severe helplessness- or fear-inducing threat. The victim reexperiences the trauma, avoids stimuli associated with it, and develops a numbing of responsiveness.

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separation anxiety disorder

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Excessive, enduring fear in some children that harm will come to them or their parents while they are apart.

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situational phobia

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Anxiety involving enclosed places (for example, claustrophobia) or public transportation (for example, fear of flying).

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situationally bound, or cued, panic attack

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Panic attack triggered by a specific object or situation (eg snake or crossing a bridge).

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situationally predisposed panic attack

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Circumstance that increases the likelihood a panic attack to occur.

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social phobia

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Fear and avoidance of social or performance situations.

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specific phobia

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Fear of a specific object or situation that markedly interferes with daily life functioning.

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unexpected, or uncued, panic attack

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Panic attack occurs randomly, unexpected.