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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sexual functioning 363 |
the ability and capacity to engage in sexual behavior
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gender identity 363 |
one’s perception of oneself as male or female |
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sexual desire 365
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in the sexual response cycle, an urge or inclination to engage in sexual activity
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arousal phase 365
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in the sexual response cycle, psychological experience of arousal and pleasure as well as physiological changes, such as the tensing of muscles and enlargement of blood vessels and tissues (also called the excitement phase)
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plateau phase 365
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in the sexual response cycle, period between arousal and orgasm, during which excitement remains high but stable
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orgasm 365
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discharge of neuromuscular tension built up during sexual activity; in men, entails rhythmic contractions of the prostate, seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and penis and seminal discharge; in women, entails contractions of the orgasmic platform and uterus
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resolution 365
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in the sexual response cycle, state of deep relaxation following orgasm in which a man loses his erection and a woman’s orgasmic platform subsides
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sexual dysfunction 366
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problems in experiencing sexual arousal or carrying through with sexual acts to the point of sexual arousal
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male hypoactive sexual desire disorder 366
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condition in which a man’s desire for sex is diminished to the point that it causes him significant distress or interpersonal difficulties and is not due to transient life circumstances or another sexual dysfunction
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female sexual interest/arousal disorder 367
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in women, recurrent inability to attain or maintain the swelling-lubrication response of sexual excitement
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erectile disorder 367
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in men, recurrent inability to attain or maintain an erection until the completion of sexual activity
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female orgasmic disorder 368
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in women, recurrent delay in or absence of orgasm after having reached the excitement phase of the sexual response cycle (also called anorgasmia)
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early or premature ejaculation 368
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recurrent ejaculation within 1 minute of initiation of partnered sexual activity when not desired
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delayed ejaculation 369
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marked delay, infrequency, or absence of ejaculation during sexual encounters
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genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder 370
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marked difficulty having vaginal penetration; pain or tightening of pelvic floor muscles during penetration
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substance-induced sexual dysfunction 371
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problems in sexual functioning caused by substance use
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performance anxiety 372
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anxiety over sexual performance that interferes with sexual functioning
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sensate focus therapy 377
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treatment for sexual dysfunction in which partners alternate between giving and receiving stimulation in a relaxed, openly communicative atmosphere in order to reduce performance anxiety and concern over achieving orgasm by learning each partner’s sexual fulfillment needs
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stop-start technique 379
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sex therapy technique used for premature ejaculation; the man or his partner stimulates his penis until he is about to ejaculate; the man then relaxes and concentrates on the sensations in his body until his level of arousal declines; the goal of this technique is for the man to learn to identify the point of ejaculatory inevitability and to control his arousal level at that point
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squeeze technique 379
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sex therapy technique used for premature ejaculation; the man’s partner stimulates him to an erection, and then when he signals that ejaculation is imminent, the partner applies a firm but gentle squeeze to his penis, either at the glans or at the base, for 3 or 4 seconds; the goal of this technique is for the man to learn to identify the point of ejaculatory inevitability and to control his arousal level at that point
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paraphilic disorder 380
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disorder characterized by atypical sexual activity that involves one of the following: (1) nonhuman objects, (2) nonconsenting adults, (3) the suffering or humiliation of oneself or one’s partner, or (4) children
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fetishistic disorder 380
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paraphilic disorder in which a person uses inanimate objects as the preferred or exclusive source of sexual arousal
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transvestic disorder 382
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paraphilic disorder in which a heterosexual man dresses in women’s clothing as his primary means of becoming sexually aroused
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sexual sadism disorder 382
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disorder characterized by obtaining sexual gratification through inflicting pain and humiliation on one’s partner
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sexual masochism disorder 382
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disorder characterized by obtaining sexual gratification through experiencing pain and humiliation at the hands of one’s partner
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sadomasochism 382
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pattern of sexual rituals between a sexually sadistic “giver” and a sexually masochistic “receiver”
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voyeuristic disorder 384
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disorder characterized by obtainment of sexual arousal by compulsively and secretly watching another person undressing, bathing, engaging in sex, or being naked
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exhibitionistic disorder 384
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obtainment of sexual gratification by exposing one’s genitals to involuntary observers
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frotteuristic disorder 384
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disorder characterized by obtainment of sexual gratification by rubbing one’s genitals against or fondling the body parts of a nonconsenting person
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pedophilic disorder 384
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disorder characterized by adult obtainment of sexual gratification by engaging in sexual activities with young children
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aversion therapy 387
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treatment that involves the pairing of unpleasant stimuli with deviant or maladaptive sources of pleasure in order to induce an aversive reaction to the formerly pleasurable stimulus
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gender dysphoria 388
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condition in which a person believes that he or she was born with the wrong sex’s genitals and is fundamentally a person of the opposite sex
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transsexuals 389
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people who experience chronic discomfort with their gender and genitals as well as a desire to be rid of their genitals and to live as a member of the opposite sex
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anorexia nervosa 339
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eating disorder in which people fail to maintain body weights that are normal for their age and height and have fears of becoming fat, distorted body images, and amenorrhea
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amenorrhea 339
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cessation of the menses
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restricting type of anorexia nervosa 340
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type of anorexia nervosa in which weight gain is prevented by refusal to eat
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binge/purge type of anorexia nervosa 341
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type of anorexia nervosa in which periodic bingeing or purging behaviors occur along with behaviors that meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa
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bulimia nervosa 343
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eating disorder in which people engage in bingeing and behave in ways to prevent weight gain from the binges, such as self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, and abuse of purging drugs (such as laxatives)
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bingeing 343
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eating a large amount of food in one sitting
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binge-eating disorder 345
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eating disorder in which people compulsively overeat either continuously or on discrete binges but do not behave in ways to compensate for the overeating
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other specified feeding or eating disorder 346
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captures presentations of an eating disorder that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but do not meet the full diagnostic criteria for any of the other eating disorders
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atypical anorexia nervosa 346
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all the criteria for anorexia nervosa are met, except that despite significant weight loss, the individual’s weight is within or above the normal range
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bulimia nervosa of low frequency and/or limited duration 346
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involves meeting all of the criteria for bulimia nervosa, except that the binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors occur, an average, less than once a week and/or for less than 3 months
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night eating syndrome 346
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an eating disorder characterized by the regular intake of excessive amounts of food after dinner and into the night
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obesity 347
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condition of being significantly overweight, defined by the Centers for Disease Control as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or over, where BMI is calculated as weight in pounds multiplied by 703, then divided by the square of height in inches
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substance use disorders 396
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disorders characterized by inability to use a substance in moderation and/or the intentional use of a substance to change one’s thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviors, leading to impairment in work, academic, personal, or social endeavors
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gambling disorder 396
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a disorder, similar to substance abuse, characterized by the inability to resist the impulse to gamble
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substance 396
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naturally occurring or synthetically produced product that alters perceptions, thoughts, emotions, and behaviors when ingested, smoked, or injected
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substance intoxication 398
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experience of significantly maladaptive behavioral and psychological symptoms due to the effect of a substance on the central nervous system that develops during or shortly after use of the substance
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substance withdrawal 398
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experience of clinically significant distress in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning due to the cessation or reduction of substance use
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substance abuse 399
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diagnosis given in the DSM-IV when a person’s recurrent substance use leads to significant harmful consequences, as manifested by a failure to fulfill obligations at work, school, or home; the use of substances in physically hazardous situations; legal problems; and continued use despite social and legal problems
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substance dependence 399
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diagnosis given in the DSM-IV when a person’s substance use leads to physiological dependence or significant impairment or distress, as manifested by an inability to use the substance in moderation; a decline in social, occupational, or recreational activities; or the spending of large amounts of time obtaining substances or recovering from their effects
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tolerance 399
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condition of experiencing less and less effect from the same dose of a substance
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depressants 400
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drugs that slow the nervous system
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delirium tremens (DTs) 402
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symptoms that result during severe alcohol withdrawal, including hallucinations, delusions, agitation, and disorientation
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benzodiazepines 406
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drugs that reduce anxiety and insomnia
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barbiturates 406
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drugs used to treat anxiety and insomnia that work by suppressing the central nervous system and decreasing the activity level of certain neurons
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stimulants 406
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drugs that activate the nervous system
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cocaine 406
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central nervous system stimulant that causes a rush of positive feelings initially but that can lead to impulsiveness, agitation, and anxiety and can cause withdrawal symptoms of exhaustion and depression
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amphetamines 409
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stimulant drugs that can produce symptoms of euphoria, self-confidence, alertness, agitation, paranoia, perceptual illusions, and depression
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nicotine 410
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alkaloid found in tobacco; operates on both the central and peripheral nervous systems, resulting in the release of biochemicals, including dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and the endogenous opioids
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caffeine 411
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chemical compound with stimulant effects
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opioids 411
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substances, including morphine and heroin, that produce euphoria followed by a tranquil state; in severe intoxication, can lead to unconsciousness, coma, and seizures; can cause withdrawal symptoms of emotional distress, severe nausea, sweating, diarrhea, and fever
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hallucinogens 413
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substances, including LSD and MDMA (ecstasy), that produce perceptual illusions and distortions even in small doses
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phencyclidine (PCP) 414
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substance that produces euphoria, slowed reaction times, and involuntary movements at low doses; disorganized thinking, feelings of unreality, and hostility at intermediate doses; and amnesia, analgesia, respiratory problems, and changes in body temperature at high doses
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cannabis 414
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substance that causes feelings of well-being, perceptual distortions, and paranoid thinking
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inhalants 415
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solvents, such as gasoline, glue, or paint thinner, that one inhales to produce a high and that can cause permanent central nervous system damage as well as liver and kidney disease
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antagonist drugs 420
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drugs that block or change the effects of an addictive drug, reducing desire for the drug
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methadone 420
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opioid that is less potent and longer-lasting than heroin; taken by heroin users to decrease their cravings and help them cope with negative withdrawal symptoms
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motivational interviewing 423
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intervention for sufferers of substance use disorders to elicit and solidify individuals’ motivation and commitment to changing the motivational interviewer adopts an empathic interaction style, drawing out the user’s own statements of desire, ability, reasons, need, and, ultimately, commitment to change
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abstinence violation effect 423
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what happens when a person attempting to abstain from alcohol use ingests alcohol and then endures conflict and guilt by making an internal attribution to explain why he or she drank, thereby making him or her more likely to continue drinking in order to cope with the selfblame and guilt
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relapse prevention programs 423
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treatments that seek to offset continued alcohol use by identifying high-risk situations for those attempting to stop or cut down on drinking and teaching them either to avoid those situations or to use assertiveness skills when in them, while viewing setbacks as temporary
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Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) 423
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an organization created by and for people with alcoholism involving a 12-step treatment program
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harm reduction model 426
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approach to treating substance use disorders that views alcohol use as normative behavior and focuses education on the immediate risks of the excessive use of alcohol (such as alcohol-related accidents) and on the payoffs of moderation (such as avoidance of hangovers)
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conduct disorder 321
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syndrome marked by chronic disregard for the rights of others, including specific behaviors such as stealing, lying, and engaging in acts of violence
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childhood-onset conduct disorder 321
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a conduct disorder characterized by aggression, destructiveness, deceitfulness, and rules violation beginning before age 10 that tends to worsen with age
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adolescent-onset conduct disorder 321
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a conduct disorder characterized by aggression, destructiveness, deceitfulness, and rules violation beginning after age 10
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life-course-persistent antisocial behavior 321
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a form of conduct disorder involving aggression, destructiveness, deceitfulness, and rules violation that persists into adulthood
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psychopathy 322
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set of broad personality traits including superficial charm, a grandiose sense of self-worth, a tendency toward boredom and need for stimulation, pathological lying, an ability to be cunning and manipulative, and a lack of remorse
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oppositional defiant disorder 323
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syndrome of chronic misbehavior in childhood marked by belligerence, irritability, and defiance, although not to the extent found in a diagnosis of conduct disorder
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antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) 329
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pervasive pattern of criminal, impulsive, callous, and/or ruthless behavior, predicated on disregard for the rights of others and an absence of respect for social norms
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intermittent explosive disorder 332
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disorder characterized by (a) several episodes of failure to resist aggres sive impulses that result in serious assaultive acts or destruction of property, (b) a degree of aggressiveness grossly out of proportion to the situation, and (c) symptoms not better explained by another mental disorder (such as antisocial personality disorder), the effects of substances, or a medical condition (e.g., a head trauma)
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personality 252
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patterns of thinking, emotions, and behavior that tend to be enduring
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personality trait 252
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a facet of personality on which people differ from one another
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five-factor model 252
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a leading theory in personality: a dimensional perspective that posits that everyone’s personality is organized along five broad personality traits, or factors
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personality disorder 254
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chronic pattern of maladaptive cognition, emotion, and behavior that begins by adolescence or early adulthood and continues into later adulthood
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paranoid personality disorder 256
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a pattern of pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent
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schizoid personality disorder 258
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a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression in their interactions with others
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schizotypal personality disorder 259
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people diagnosed with this disorder show symptoms similar to those of schizophrenia but in milder form
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borderline personality disorder 262
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syndrome characterized by rapidly shifting and unstable mood, selfconcept, and interpersonal relationships, as well as impulsive behavior and transient dissociative states
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dialectical behavior therapy 266
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cognitive-behavioral intervention aimed at teaching problem-solving skills, interpersonal skills, and skill at managing negative emotions
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transference-focused therapy 266
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a highly structured psychodynamic treatment for borderline personality disorder that uses the relationship between patient and therapist to help patients develop a more realistic and healthier understanding of their interpersonal relationships
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mentalization-based treatment 266
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a form of psychodynamic treatment for borderline personality disorder based on attachment
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histrionic personality disorder 267
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shares features with borderline personality disorder, including rapidly shifting emotions and intense, unstable relationships; people with this disorder behave in ways to draw attention to themselves across situations
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narcissistic personality disorder 268
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syndrome marked by grandiose thoughts and feelings of one’s own worth as well as an obliviousness to others’ needs and an exploitative, arrogant demeanor
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avoidant personality disorder 270
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pervasive anxiety, sense of inadequacy, and fear of being criticized that lead to the avoidance of most social interactions with others and to restraint and nervousness in social interactions
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dependent personality disorder 272
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People with this disorder are anxious about interpersonal interactions, but their anxiety stems from a deep need to be cared for by others, rather than from a concern that they will be criticized |
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obsessive-compulsive personality disorder 273
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anxiety disorder characterized by obsessions (persistent thoughts) and compulsions (rituals)
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negative affectivity 276
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a dimension of personality characterized by negative mood states
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detachment 277
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the inability to connect with others
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antagonism 277
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hostility toward others
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disinhibition 277 |
lack of restraint
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psychoticism 277
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proneness to psychotic-like symptoms, such as illusions |
