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43 Cards in this Set
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Somatoform and dissociative disorders usedd to be classified together under: |
hysterical neurosis Hiserical: referred to physical symptoms without knownorganic cause neurotic disorders result from underlying unconsciousconflicts, anxiety that resulted from those conflicts and the implementation ofego defense mechanisms. Neurosis was eliminated from the diagnosis system in1980. Sdx |
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Freud coined conversion hysteria, which he beleives is: |
internal conflicts will manifest as physical symtpoms |
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5 somatic symptom and related disorders: |
- somatic symptom disorder - illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis) - psychological factors affecting medical condition - conversion disorder - factitious disorder |
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What did somatic sympdome disorder used to be called and why? |
Briquet's syndrome cuz the doc couldnt find any explanantions for the physica symptoms |
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what is somatic symptom disorder? |
- The experienceof severe pain in which psychological factors play a major role in maintaining orexacerbating the pain whether there is a clear physical reason for the pain ornot. - Excessivethoughts, feelings, and behaviours related to the somatic symptoms |
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How long must you be sympmatic to be diagnosed with it |
6 months |
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the most importnat area for treatmetn is: |
the psychological experiences of anxietyand distress focused on the somatic symptoms |
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What is illness anxiety disroder |
there are no symptoms, or they are very mild, but the individual is concerned that they are developing an illness or disease, they have exterme anxiety about taht |
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How long must illness preoccupation be present for? |
6 months |
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Speficy if: |
it is the care seeking type or the care avoiding type |
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Similarities between illness anxiety disorder, somaticsymptom disorder and anxiety and mood disorderes: |
- similar age of onset - runs in families - personality characteristics - oftern comorbid togetha the main problem is anxiety, but in illness anxity disorder and somatic symptom disorder the expression of this anxiety is different. different target |
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Disease conviction is a core feature of both illness ancisty disorder and somatic symptome disorder, what is it? |
when you are convinced that you have a disease, even when doctors tell you that you dont |
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differences between panic disorder and somatic symptom disorder: |
somatic symptom disorder is a long term worry, they worry about a wider range of symtpoms, and they wil continue to go back to their doctors |
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Prevalence of somatic symptome disorder: |
1 t 5% |
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the course of somatic symptome disorder is |
chronic |
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What is the typical age of onset? |
adolesnce |
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what is the typical profile of somene with somatic symptome disorder |
woman, unmarried, low SES |
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tWhat is the cause of somatic symptome disorder |
disorders of cognition and perception with strong emotional component negative spiral, they are worried of illness and disease and so when they have asytpom they focus on it and this arousal increwases the intensity of the sympotom which increases the the anxiety and so on tey also hold the beleif that health should be symptom free |
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- People with this disorder show enhancedperceptual sensitivity to illness cues – as demonstrated with the Stroop TaskF]US0[ |
ff |
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Somatic symptoms run in the family but this general biological contribution: is |
senstiive overresponse to stress |
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the psychological vulnerability is: (it is the same as with anxiety) |
the tendency to view life events as uncontrollable |
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wha are three important factors of -somatic symptome disroder: |
- it developes in a stressful context - the family of that person had many illnesses while growing up - there are benefits to being sick |
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What disorder is Somaticsymptom disorder strongly linked to? |
antisocial personality disroder they both show impuslivity and are associated with short term gains but long term costs the difference is the level of dependency |
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WHat treatments: |
- explanatory therapy - CBT |
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What is explanatory therapy? |
takingthe time to explain the nature of the patient’s disorder in an eduationalframework was associated with a significant reduction in fears and beleifsabout somatic symptoms, and these gains were maintained over tim |
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CBT focuses on |
challenging misconceptions of health and illness and showing them that they can induce their own symptoms by focusing on parts of their body - this gives tehm a sense of control
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Other strategies: |
- gettingthe patient to reduce heatlh seeking behavior -getting the patient to talk to others about topics other than their helath |
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What is psychological factors affecting medical conditions? |
- someone already has a medical condition and psychological or behaviour factors make the condition worse and influence the course of the condition and the treatment of the condition ex: someone's anxiety makes their asthma worse |
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Developing stres or anxiety in response to a real medical condition would be considered an: |
adjustment disorder |
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what does functional refer to? |
a symptom without an organic cause |
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What is conversion disorder? |
it is a physical malfunction without any physical cause accounting for it |
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ways to distinguish coversion disorder? |
- la belle indifference - they are usually able to function normally but arent awre of it, or dont get that sensory input - the disroder is often precipitated by stress - |
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In an fMRI study, they comparedconversion patients who had a tremmer to someone who mimicked it, the personwho mimicked it had the right inferior parietal cortex activated – this brainregion is infloved in comparing internal predictions with actual events. Ifthis area of the brain is not functioning properly, than the brain mightconclude that the movement is involuntary |
parietal cortex not as active conlucison that it is involuntary |
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What is factitious disroder? |
the person's symptoms are under voluntary control they do this to get gains such as secondary gains of the sick role |
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What is facticious disorder imposed on others? |
this is when the person's symptoms is controlled by someone else and that person does it to get the secondary gains ex: mother and baby |
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What is the gender ratio of conversion dsiroders |
primarily females |
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How does Freud believe conversion disorders develop: |
1) the person experiences a trauma 2) the conflict form this trauma is not acceptable and so it is unconscious anxiety 3) the anxiety increases and threatens to go into consciouslness so it is converted into physical symptoms (primary gain) 4) the person gets benefits from being sick (secondary gain) |
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what we beleive today: |
An individualwith conversion disorder has experienced a traumatic event that need to escape,but since they cant run away they get sick, but since getting sick on purposeisn’t socially acceptable, the process of them getting sick is unconscious, andbecause this escape behaviour (the conversion symptoms) is successful to anextent in obliterating the traumatic situation, the behaviour continues untilthe underlying problem is resolved |
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social cultural factors of conversion disroder: |
it seems to occur in low ses groups and less educated |
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People with conversion disordertend to adopt symptoms with which they are familiar (ex: the symptoms thattheir family members exhibited in the past) |
interesting |
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the incidence of conversion disorder is |
decreasing |
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treatment for conversion disorder: |
- identify and relive the traumatic event in a safe way - remove secondary gains - CBT |
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Dissociative disorders: |
mmm |