Abnormal Psych Sleeping Disorders

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Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM)

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The periodic intervals of sleep during which the eyes move rapidly from side to side, and dreams occur, but the body is inactive

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Dyssomnias

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A problem in getting to sleep or in obtaining sleep of sufficient quality

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Parasomnias

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An abnormal behavior such as a nightmare or sleepwalking that occurs during sleep

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Polysomnographic (PSG) Evaluation

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An assessment of sleep disorders in which a client sleeping in the lab is monitored for heart, muscle, respiration, brain wave, and other functions

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Activity in what biological system is related to anxiety and dreams, suggesting a possible link between the two?

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Limbic System

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Primary Insomnia

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Difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep or sleep that is not restorative (person not feeling rested even after normal amounts of sleep)

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Primary Hypersomnia

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Complaint of excessive sleepiness that is displayed as either prolonged sleep episodes or day-time sleep episodes

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Narcolepsy

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Irresistible attacks of refreshing sleep occurring daily, accompanied by episodes of brief loss of muscle tone (cataplexy)

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Cataplexy

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Loss of muscle tone

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Breathing-related sleep disorder

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Sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia that is caused by sleep-related breathing difficulties

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Circadian rhythm sleep disorder (sleep-wake schedule disorder)

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Persistent or recurrent sleep disruption leading to excessive sleepiness or insomnia that is due to a mismatch between the sleep-wake schedule required by a person's environment and his or her circadian sleep-wake pattern

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Nightmare disorder (dream anxiety disorder)

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Repeated awakenings with detailed recall of extended and extremely frightening dreams, usually involving threats to survival, security, or self-esteem; the awakenings generally occur during the second half of the sleep period

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Sleep Terror Disorder

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Recurrent episodes of abrupt awakening from sleep, usually occurring during the first third of the major sleep episode and beginning with a panicky scream

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Sleepwalking Disorder

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Repeated episodes of arising from bed during sleep and walking about, usually occurring during the first third of the major sleep episode

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Actigraph

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A small electronic device that is worn on the wrist like a watch and records body movements. This device can be used to record sleep-wake cycles

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Sleep Efficiency

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The percentage of time actually spent sleeping of the total time spent in bed

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Microsleeps

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The short, seconds-long periods of sleep that occurs when someone has been deprived of sleep

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Primary

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indicating the complaint is not related to other medical or psychiatric problems

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Women v. Men reports of insomnia...

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Women report insomnia twice as often as men

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When is a sleep problem considered a disorder?

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...only if you experience discomfort about it

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Rebound Insomnia

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In a person with insomnia, the worsened sleep problems that can occur when medications are used to treat insomnia and then withdrawn

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Delayed Temperature Rhythm

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When ones body temperature doesn't drop and they don't become drowsy until later at night...

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Body Heat Fluctuation as it relates to sleep disorders

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People with sleep disorders tend to have a higher body temperature and body temp. varies less

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What is Cataplexy a result of?

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A sudden onset of REM sleep

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Sleep Paralysis

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A brief period after awakening when they can't move or speak

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Hypnagogic Hallucinations

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Vivid and often terrifying experiences that begin at the start of sleep and are said to be unbelievably realistic because they include not only visual aspects, but also touch, hearing, and even the sensation of body movement.

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Common complaints of people with Narcolepsy...

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Cataplexy, Sleep Paralysis, Hypnagogic Hallucinations

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Obstructive Sleep Apnea

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Occurs when airflow stops despite continued activity by the respiratory system

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Central Sleep Apnea

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Involves the complete cessation of respiratory activity for brief periods and is often associated with certain central nervous system disorders, head trauma, and degenerative disorders. Wake up frequently during the night but tend not to report excessive daytime sleepiness.

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Mixed Sleep Apnea

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A combination of both obstructive and central sleep apneas.

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Where is our biological clock located?

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Hypothalamus

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Jet Lag Type CRSD

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Results from rapidly crossing multiple time zones.

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Shift Work Type CRSD

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Sleep problems are associated with work schedules (hospital employees, police, taxi drivers, etc.)

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Delayed Sleep Phase Type

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People who stay up late and sleep late

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Advanced Sleep Phase Type

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Early to bed early to wake

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Which hormone helps set our biological clock?

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Melatonin (stimulated by darkness and ceases in daylight)

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What's easier a phase delay or phase advance?

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Phase delays (moving bedtime later) are easier

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Phototherapy

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When a bright light is used to trick the brain into readjusting the biological clock

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Cognitive Treatment for Insomnia

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This approach focuses on changing the sleepers' unrealistic expectations and beliefs about sleep. The therapist attempts to alter beliefs and attitudes about sleeping by providing information on topics such as normal amounts of sleep and a person's ability to compensate for lost sleep.

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Guided Imagery Relaxation

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Because some people become anxious when they have difficulty sleeping, this approach uses meditation or imagery to help with relaxation at bedtime or after a night waking

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Graduated Extinction

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Used for children who have tantrums at bedtime or wake up crying at night, this treatment instructs the parent to check on the child after progressively longer periods until the child falls asleep on his or her own.

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Paradoxical Intention

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This technique involves instructing individuals in the opposite behavior from the desired outcome. Telling poor sleepers to lie in bed and try to stay awake as long as they can is used to try to relieve the performance anxiety surrounding efforts to try to fall asleep.

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Progressive Relaxation

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This technique involves relaxing the muscles of the body in an effort to introduce drowsiness.

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Nightmare

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A frightening and anxiety-provoking dream occurring during REM sleep. The individual recalls the bad dream and recovers alertness and orientation quickly

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Sleep Terror

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An episode of apparent awakening from sleep, accompanied by signs of panic and followed by disorientation and amnesia for the incident. Sleep terrors occur during non-rapid eye movement sleep and so do not involve frightening dreams

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Sleepwalking

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Parasomnia that involves leaving the bed during non-rapid eye movement sleep.

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Parasomnias

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Abnormal events that occur either during sleep or during that twilight time between sleeping and waking.

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Nocturnal Eating Syndrome

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When individuals rise from their beds and eat although they are still asleep