Abnormal Psych Final

Front 1

If you wanted a career in which you focus on detecting, assessing, and treating abnormal patters on functioning, you should look into becoming a clinical:

Back 1

A. Practitioner

Front 2

Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively?

Back 2

C. Dysfunction

Front 3

Defining abnormal behavior using "the four Ds":

Back 3

D. Is Still often vague and subjective

Front 4

Hippocrates believed that treatment for mental disorders should involve:

Back 4

B. Brining the four body humors back into balance

Front 5

What model of mental illness did most people hold during the middle Ages?

Back 5

D. The demonology model

Front 6

The "moral treatment" movement rapidly declined in the late nineteenth century because:

Back 6

D. Hospitals became underfunded and overcrowded

Front 7

For those who hold the somatogenic view of mental illness, the best treatment setting for those with mental disorders would be a:

Back 7

D. Hospital

Front 8

Jena is experiencing sadness, lack of energy and a low self-worth. The condition is chronic and sever. If her psychiatrist prescribed medication it would likely be a(n):

Back 8

D. Antidepressant Drug

Front 9

One cause of the increase in homeless individuals in recent decades had been the:

Back 9

A. Policy of deinstitutionalization

Front 10

If you are a typical person undergoing therapy in the United States, your therapy will last for

Back 10

C. Fewer than 5 sessions

Front 11

One major difference between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists is that psychiatrists:

Back 11

A. Have graduated from medical school

Front 12

In contract to clinical practitioners, who search for individualist understanding of human behavior, clinical researchers search for general truths about abnormality. The approach of clinical researchers is:

Back 12

D. Nomothetic

Front 13

A psychologist does a study for an individual involving a history, tests, and interviews of friends and family. A clear picture is constructed to this individual, so his behavior is better understood. This study is a(n):

Back 13

B. Case Study

Front 14

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the weakest relationship?

Back 14

B. -.06

Front 15

If stress levels and physical health are negatively correlated, we know that:

Back 15

B. As stress increases, health decreases

Front 16

Studies that determine the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a particular population are called:

Back 16

D. Epidemiological Studies

Front 17

The number of new cases of a disorder in the population that emerge during a particular time interval is called the:

Back 17

A. Incidence

Front 18

A psychologist was interested in the effect of hunger on psychological disturbances. She food-deprived half of a group of healthy volunteers for one day and fed the other half normally, then administered a psychological test to all the participants. What was the independent variable?

Back 18

A. Level of food deprivation

Front 19

The group of participants that is NOT exposed to the independent variable under investigation (in an experiment) is called the:

Back 19

A. Control Group

Front 20

In preparation for a study of the effectiveness of an antischizophrenia drug, an experimenter puts the experimental drug and placebo into capsules of the same color and codes them. Neither the subjects nor the experimenter will know who gets the experimental drug or the placebo. this is an example of a:

Back 20

B. Double Blind design

Front 21

What is the term for studies that have the structure of experiments, except they use groups that already exist, instead of randomly assigning participants to control and experimental groups?

Back 21

A. Quasi-experiments

Front 22

In science, the perspectives use to explain phenomena are known as

Back 22

B. Theories

Front 23

The paradigm model adopted by people in the Middle ages to explain abnormal behavior would have been:

Back 23

D. Demonological

Front 24

Biological researchers focus primarily on ________ in understanding abnormal behavior.

Back 24

A. Neurotransmitters

Front 25

If you were receiving medication to control hallucination and delusions, you would be MOST likely to be receiving:

Back 25

B. Antipsychotics

Front 26

Neurosurgery is believed to have its roots in:

Back 26

C. Trephining form the demonological era

Front 27

Barney's mother is taking cookies out of the oven. Which of the following would suggest MOST strongly that the id is firmly in control of Barneys behavior?

Back 27

A. Barney grabs some cookies and runs

Front 28

A patients initial reaction to being told she has an STI is to insist that the nurse made a mistake with the test. The defense mechanism that BEST explains this behavior is:

Back 28

C. Denial

Front 29

Which on of the following statements would a Freudian be MOST likely to agree with?

Back 29

A. Parents are the key figures during childhood and are seen as the cause of improper development

Front 30

According to Freud, another term for the symbolic meaning of dreams is:

Back 30

D. Latent Content

Front 31

When a young child yells and throws toys ("temper tantrum"), the parents give the child a good deal of attention. As time goes on the temper tantrums become more and more common. A behavior psychologist would say that the temper tantrum result from:

Back 31

B. Operant Conditioning.

Front 32

"When I was young, I met a large dog. I want afraid of the dog, but as I tried to pet I, the dog snarled and jumped at me. I have been afraid of dogs ever since." A therapist who assumes that this sentence describes a phobia acquires from classical conditioning MOST likely favors which model of abnormality?

Back 32

B. Behavioral

Front 33

Systematic desensitization has been shown to be especially effective in the treatment of:

Back 33

C. Phobias

Front 34

If you are being encourage to see the link between the way you interpret your experiences and the way you feel, and to question the accuracy of your interpretation you are probably receiving:

Back 34

C. Cognitive therapy

Front 35

When Jose did not get the job he thought he deserved, he was convinced that everything was going wrong and he would never find another job. This thought is an example of:

Back 35

C. Overgeneralization

Front 36

The model that proposes that humans strive to self-actualize is the:

Back 36

C. Humanistic-existential model

Front 37

A therapist listens carefully to a client's words, then attempts to show accurate empathy and genuineness. The hope is that the client will move toward greater self-awareness. MOST likely, the therapist is:

Back 37

D. Humanistic

Front 38

The model with its roots in the philosophical idea that people are dynamic beings, giving meaning to their existence through their actions, is the:

Back 38

B. Existential model

Front 39

Correlational research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people:

Back 39

B. Who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the psychologically healthiest

Front 40

The model of abnormality that pays particular attention to a client's family structure, societal norms, and a clients roles in society is:

Back 40

C. Sociocultural

Front 41

David Rosenhan sent "pseudo patients" to a mental hospital where they pretended to be disturbed. The results led him to conclude that ______ greatly impacts mental illness.

Back 41

C. Social Labeling

Front 42

Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as MOST likely due to:

Back 42

B. Social factors leading to stress

Front 43

A panel of psychologist and psychiatrists evaluates the test results and clinical interview of a client in a sanity hearing. They all arrive at the same diagnosis. The panel has high:

Back 43

C. Interrater reliability

Front 44

A new assessment tool does a good job of differentiating those who later will be depressed and those who will not be depressed, and it produces results similar to those of those of other tools measuring depression. Therefore, the new assessment tool has good:

Back 44

A. predictive validity

Front 45

If a clinician begins by asking, "Would you tell me about yourself?," the clinical is MOST likely conducting a(n):

Back 45

D. Unstructured interview

Front 46

If a clinician is particularly interested in a clients family medical history, that clinician is MOST likely from which orientation?

Back 46

B. Biological

Front 47

The assumption behind the use of projective tests as assessment tools is that:

Back 47

B. the responses come from the clients unconscious

Front 48

A patient looks at a series of black and white pictures making up a dramatic story about each. The patient is taking:

Back 48

B. The thematic Apperception Test

Front 49

The test that reports ones results on clinical scales such as "hypochondriasis" (HS) and Psychopathic Deviate" (PD) is the:

Back 49

D. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Front 50

Compared to projective tests, personality inventories:

Back 50

A. Have higher validity

Front 51

A response inventory that asks individuals to provide detailed information about their typical thoughts and assumptions is a(n):

Back 51

B. Cognitive Inventory

Front 52

A client is hooked up to an apparatus that measure galvanic skin response and blood pressure, after which the client verbally answers a series of questions. The type of clinical test being used is:

Back 52

B. Psychophysiological

Front 53

If your friend had her brain waves recorded to measure her brains electrical activity, she MOST likely had a(n):

Back 53

D. EEG

Front 54

When a person has organic brain impairment, that person would MOST likely have difficulty completing:

Back 54

C. The bender-Gestalt test

Front 55

Deciding that a client's psychological problems represent a particular disorder is called:

Back 55

C. Diagnosis

Front 56

A cluster of symptoms that go together and define a mental disorder is called a:

Back 56

A. Syndrome

Front 57

The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (presently dms-5) was developed by:

Back 57

B. The American Psychiatric Association

Front 58

DSM-5 is the classification system for abnormal behaviors that is.

Back 58

B. Most widely used in the united states

Front 59

Assessment tools such as the Severity of Illness Rating Scale are used to provide what kind of information for making a diagnosis?

Back 59

B. Dimensional

Front 60

Therapies that have received clear research support are called:

Back 60

C. Evidence-based

Front 61

Recently, a client diagnosed with schizophrenia has begun to exhibit more symptoms, often saying, "They tell me I'm crazy, so I must be crazy." MOST likely this is an example of:

Back 61

A. Self-fulfilling prophecies

Front 62

Are people ever harmed by therapy for DMS-diagnosed disorder?

Back 62

C. Sometimes, at most, about 5-10 percent of those treated seem to get worse

Front 63

Surveys of very successful therapists show that they generally do all of the following EXCEPT:

Back 63

A. Disregard ethical principles when they think their clients might benefit

Front 64

The most common mental disorders in the United States are the:

Back 64

B. Anxiety disorders

Front 65

People with one anxiety disorder are most likely to:

Back 65

A. Experience another anxiety disorder too

Front 66

Leila always feels threatened and anxious-- imagining something awful is about to happen. But she is able to work and care for her family, although not as well as she would like. Leila is probably experiencing:

Back 66

A. A generalized anxiety disorder

Front 67

A person who is restless, keyed-up, and on edge for no apparent reason is experiencing:

Back 67

A. Free-floating anxiety

Front 68

According to Freud, children who are prevented from expressing id impulses like making mud pies, playing war, and exploring their genitals are at risk for developing:

Back 68

B. Neurotic anxiety

Front 69

If you criticized everything you did, looking for flaws, and never could measure up to your personal standards, you would be exhibiting what Carl Rodger called:

Back 69

C. Conditions of worth

Front 70

If I believe that it is a dire necessity for me to be loved or approved by everyone and that it is catastrophic if things are not the way I want them, I am displaying:

Back 70

B. Basic irrational assumptions

Front 71

If your therapist gave you homework that required you to challenge your maladaptive assumptions and replace them with healthier ones, the therapist would be using:

Back 71

C. Rational-emotive therapy

Front 72

Evidence in support of the biological understanding of generalized anxiety is supported by finding that:

Back 72

A. relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than nonrelatives.

Front 73

Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of ______ at certain receptor sites in the brain.

Back 73

A. GABA

Front 74

Which of the following is a nondrug biological treatment for anxiety that is in general use today?

Back 74

B. Relaxation therapy

Front 75

An intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear, to the point of interfering with the life of the person is called:

Back 75

B. Phobic disorder

Front 76

A woman you know constantly avoid crowded streets and building, and is very reluctant to leave home, even with a friend. Recently, she has experienced extreme, sudden fear every time she enters a crowded street or building. MOST likely this women would be diagnosed with:

Back 76

C Agoraphobia and panic disorder

Front 77

Little Karen was bitten by a tan pony she was riding at a carnival. The incident left her hurt and frightened. The next month she was visiting her uncle, who had a tan Great Dane. It frightened her even though she had never had a bad experience with a Dog. Fear of this dog is an example of:

Back 77

C. Stimulus Generalization

Front 78

You are suffering from arachnophobia,. Your therapist first has you go through relaxation training, then has you construct a fear hierarch, and finally, has you go through a phase of graded pairing and relaxation responses. This approach is called:

Back 78

D. Systematic desensitization.

Front 79

Steve is afraid of eating in public, expecting to be judge negatively and to feel humiliated. As a result, he always makes up excuses when asked out to eat. His diagnosis would MOST likely be:

Back 79

A. Social Anxiety Disorder

Front 80

You notice someone who is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. If what is happening is not a heart attack but an indicator of an anxiety disorder, the person MOST likely is experience a:

Back 80

A. Panic attack

Front 81

The cognitive explanation for panic disorder is that people who have them:

Back 81

C. Misinterpret bodily sensations

Front 82

People who experience obsessions show:

Back 82

B. Thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them

Front 83

Sam cant leave for work without going back into his hour and making sure that he has taken all of his writing materials. He does this several times before he allows himself to start the car and drive to work. He is frequently late for work because he is so unsure about remembering everything. Sam is displaying:

Back 83

C. A checking compulsion

Front 84

Your abnormal psychology instructor asks in class, "what kinds of treatments are commonly use to treat obsessive compulsive related disorders?" Confidently and accurately, you reply:

Back 84

B. Exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs

Front 85

In the face of fear, someone is unable to concentrate and develops a distorted and irrational view of the world. this person is showing which of the following fear responses:

Back 85

C. Cognitive

Front 86

What do acute and posttraumatic stress disorder have in common with dissociate disorders?

Back 86

C. They are triggered by traumatic events

Front 87

In response to a threat, we perspire, breathe more quickly, get goose bumps, and feel nauseated. These responses are controlled by the:

Back 87

C. Sympathetic Nervous System

Front 88

Which of the following accurately describes the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway of the stress response:

Back 88

A. The hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary to produce a stress hormone that causes the adrenal glad to release corticosteroids.

Front 89

I am generally a calm, relaxed person, If you are generally a tense, excitable person we differ in:

Back 89

A. Trait Anxiety

Front 90

A person who witnessed a horrible accident and the became unusually anxious and depressed for 3 weeks is probably experiencing:

Back 90

D. Acute stress disorder

Front 91

One distinction that DSM-5 makes between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder is based on:

Back 91

C. how long the anxiety symptoms last

Front 92

A patter of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that persists for years after a horrible event is called:

Back 92

D. Posttraumatic stress disorder

Front 93

Which of the following is the BEST example of "reduced responsiveness", as it relates to posttraumatic stress disorder?

Back 93

A. feeling detached or estranged from others and loss of interest in activities

Front 94

A person with posttraumatic stress disorder who is having "flashbacks" is :

Back 94

A. Re-experiencing the traumatic event

Front 95

Current research suggests that those who experience severe stress:

Back 95

A. Have Abnormal levels of norepinephrine and cortisol following the trauma

Front 96

What do we know about the inheritance of PTSD?

Back 96

D. Women who have high cortisol levels tend to have children with high cortisol levels

Front 97

The people MOST likely to develop stress disorder lived their childhood in:

Back 97

D. Poverty, and had parents who divorced when they were younger than 10 years old

Front 98

A combat veteran undergoing "eye movement desensitization and reprocessing" is experiencing which general for of therapy?

Back 98

A. Exposure therapy

Front 99

Which diagnosis includes a breakdown in sense of self, a significant alteration in memory or identity, and even a separation of on part of the identify from another part?

Back 99

C. Dissociative disorder

Front 100

After a major earthquake, television coverage showed survivors shuffling confusedly through the ruined building. If such victims later could not remember the days immediately after the earthquake, the victims would be suffering from what type of amnesia?

Back 100

D. Localized

Front 101

Alexis has multiple personality disorder. When one of her personalities, Jodi, is asked about another one, Tom she claims ignorance. Tom has never heard of Jodi either. This would be called a:

Back 101

D. Mutually amnesic relationship

Front 102

An individual who formerly knew how to speak a foreign language and play a musical instrument, can no longer remember how to as a result of a dissociated disorder. The dissociative disorder is MOST likely:

Back 102

C. Dissociative Identity

Front 103

Research on evoked potential with people with dissociative identity disorder has revealed that:

Back 103

A. Different sub personalities have shown different brain response patterns

Front 104

If a researcher believes that dissociative identity disorder are iatrogenic, that researcher believes that dissociative identity disorders:

Back 104

C. Are unintentionally produced by therapists

Front 105

Psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative amnesias and fugues result from:

Back 105

C. Repression

Front 106

A person who stopped eating candy and other sweets, then gradually eliminated other foods until the persona was eating almost nothing could be experiencing:

Back 106

C. Restricted-type anorexia nervosa

Front 107

The peak age range for the development of anorexia nervosa is:

Back 107

C. 14-18

Front 108

If a person says "I must be perfect in every way. I will be a better person if I deprive myself of food," that person is engaging in:

Back 108

A. Distorted thinking

Front 109

The primary motivating emotion a persona with anorexia experiences is:

Back 109

A. Fear

Front 110

The preoccupation with food characteristic of anorexia nervosa is thought to:

Back 110

A. result from starvation

Front 111

If you were looking at a photography of yourself and adjusting the size until you thought the picture looked like you, you would most likely be participating in an assessment of your:

Back 111

A. accuracy in estimating body size

Front 112

A patient in therapy who eats exactly eight pieces of break that he or she carefully made into balls of equal diameter is displaying a symptom of anorexia nervosa related to:

Back 112

C. Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Front 113

Consequences of anorexia nervosa include all of the following EXCEPT:

Back 113

C. Fever and high blood pressure

Front 114

Bulimia is always characterized by:

Back 114

A. Uncontrollable overeating

Front 115

All of the following are compensatory behaviors for someone with bulimia EXCPET:

Back 115

B. Preoccupation with food

Front 116

A women eats cookies, cake, ice cream, and almost anything else that is sweet. At some point during her binge, she takes a huge does of a laxative, so she with 'empty out" the food. Her taking the laxative, and the assumption underlying why she does it would be lead to a diagnosis of:

Back 116

B. purging-type bulimia nervosa

Front 117

Regarding emotions, the pattern common in bulimia from pre-binge, through, binge, to post binge is Best described in sequence as:

Back 117

C. Tension, Powerlessness, shame

Front 118

Similarities between bulimia and anorexia include:

Back 118

A. Both tend to begin after a period of dieting among people afraid of becoming obese

Front 119

A young woman who is very concerned about being attractive to others, is more sexually experienced, and has relatively few obsessive qualities is:

Back 119

B. More likely to be experiencing bulimia than anorexia

Front 120

People who are often overweight and regularly binge eat without compensatory behaviors are experiencing:

Back 120

C. Binge eating disorder

Front 121

If a therapist thought that eating disorders were BEST explained by an interaction of sociocultural, psychological, and biological factors, that therapist would be taking a(n):

Back 121

B. Multidimensional perspective

Front 122

According to Hidle Bruch, which of the following would characterize ineffective parents who children are prone to eating disorders:

Back 122

C. They decide when the child is hungry and misinterpret the actual condition of their children

Front 123

People with alexithymia are NOT readily able to:

Back 123

C. Put descriptive labels on what they are feeling

Front 124

"Depression and eating disorders are correlated." What does this statement mean?

Back 124

D. People with eating disorders also ten to be depressed

Front 125

If one found that the average weight and size of cheerleaders had declined significantly over the years, and that those who aspired to be cheerleaders had a high level of eating disorders, that would be evidence for_______ cause of eating disorders:

Back 125

A. Societal

Front 126

Family members are over involved in each other's lives but are affectionate and loyal. This description fits Salvador Minuchin's definition of an:

Back 126

C. Enmeshed family pattern

Front 127

A state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which individuals have an exaggerated belief in their power describes:

Back 127

A. Mania

Front 128

An important difference between mood disorders and normal mood fluctuation is:

Back 128

C. the severity and duration of the problem

Front 129

Which of the following would be an emotional symptom of depression?

Back 129

C. Experiences of sadness and anger

Front 130

A depressed person who is confused, unable to remember things, and unable to solve problems is suffering from ______ symptoms.

Back 130

B. Cognitive

Front 131

To be classified as having a major depressive episode, depression must last for a period of at least:

Back 131

A: Two weeks

Front 132

Jamal is experiencing a major depressive episode that appears to have begun three weeks ago. He is miserable and suffers from at leave five symptoms of depression. No unusually stressful events have occurred in the past year. Based on these data, the diagnosis would be.

Back 132

D. Endogenous depression

Front 133

Family pedigree and twin studies have been used to look for a predisposition for unipolar depression within families. Which theoretical framework encompasses these studies?

Back 133

B. Biological

Front 134

If a biochemical imbalance were to cause a persons depression, the latest research would lead us to expect the person to have:

Back 134

A. An abnormality in the activity of certain neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine

Front 135

Seasonal affective disorder is associated with few hours per day of daylight during the winter months. Less daylight or, more accurately, more darkness, may cause the release of:

Back 135

B. Melatonin

Front 136

One side effects of ECT is:

Back 136

C. Memory loss

Front 137

MAO inhibitors are biochemical agents that alleviate depressive symptoms in approximately half of the clinically depressed patients who take them. What is the mechanism of action of these drugs?

Back 137

C. They interfere with the destruction of norepinephrine

Front 138

If a therapist asked you to say whatever came to mind and then suggested interpretations designed to help you work through grief over real or imagined losses, your therapist would be using:

Back 138

A. psychodynamic therapy

Front 139

If your therapist tried to reintroduce you to pleasurable activities, reinforced nondepressive action, and improved your social skills, your therapist would be using:

Back 139

B. behavior therapy

Front 140

Many victims of spousal abuse stay with their abusers, even though it is obvious to others that they should, and actually could, leave. A good explanation for their behavior is:

Back 140

B. learned helplessness

Front 141

A therapist describes a patient who believes her personal worth is tied to each task she performs. She draws negative conclusions fro very little evidence, amplifies minor mistakes into major character flaws, and suffers from repetitive thoughts that remind her of her flaws. You conclude that the therapist holds which theoretical orientation.

Back 141

A. Cognitive

Front 142

People who talk rapidly, dress flamboyantly, and get involved in dangerous activities are showing ______ symptoms of mania.

Back 142

A. behavioral

Front 143

The most common cognitive description of someone exhibiting mania is that the person is:

Back 143

A. Excessively optimistic, with poor judgement

Front 144

The difference between bipolar I and bipolar II is:

Back 144

B. The severity of the manic episodes

Front 145

The strongest evidence for the cause of bipolar disorders BEST, supports which theoretical perspective

Back 145

B. Biological

Front 146

Rosita swings between periods of bottomless depressions an high-flying enthusiasm. She never hits the middle. Her physician is MOST likely to recommend treatment using:

Back 146

B. Lithium

Front 147

The BEST treatment recommendation you can give someone experiencing bipolar disorder is:

Back 147

C. Drug therapy, accompanied with psychotherapy

Front 148

Just before debuting at Carnegie Hall, the pianist suffered paralysis of the left hand. Which of the following BEST describes her disorder.

Back 148

A. Conversion Disorder

Front 149

A man appeared at the emergency room complaining of bloody diarrhea. The doctor who examined him found that the man was intentionally creating the diarrhea through use of laxatives and anticoagulant medication, and liked being a patient. The man is MOST likely:

Back 149

D. Experiencing a factitious disorder

Front 150

Sarah brings her young daughter into the emergency room with internal bleeding. The attending physical later concludes that Sarah caused the symptoms in her daughter intentionally, caused by a need to gain attention and praise her for devoted care of her sick child. if this assessment is correct, Sarah would be diagnosed as having:

Back 150

D. Munchausen syndrome by proxy

Front 151

A patient with a heart condition complained of adhesions form the scar, leg cramps, and joint stiffness. He seemed to be hurting all over, but no medical reason could be found to explain the symptoms. The BEST diagnosis for this disorder is:

Back 151

C. Somatic symptom disorder (predominant pain pattern)

Front 152

Disorder that represent the conversion of conflicts and anxiety into physical symptoms would include:

Back 152

D. Conversion Disorders

Front 153

A woman who is particularly threatened by any display of anger becomes unable to speak when she is most angry with her husband, thereby keeping the anger out of her awareness. According to psychodynamic theorists, she is achieving ________ from her illness.

Back 153

A. Primary gain

Front 154

Every time Miguel had a headache, his mother let him miss school. Now as an adult his headaches have become more frequent. His head pounds any time he is required to do something he would rather not. This is a __________ explanation of conversion symptoms.

Back 154

C. Behavioral

Front 155

That people with somatic symptom disorders use their symptoms to express emotions that they cannot easily express otherwise reflects the:

Back 155

A. Cognitive view

Front 156

Behavioral therapists treating a conversion disorder would be MOST likely to focus on:

Back 156

C. Reducing the reward available for displaying the disorder

Front 157

"Medical students disease," which is the tendency for medical students to experience the symptoms of diseases they are studying, is MOST similar to:

Back 157

A. illness anxiety disorder

Front 158

Increasingly concerned about my minor heartbeat irregularities, I think that my heath is being threatened, and more and more often I misinterpret my body's normal signals. Which viewpoint BEST explains my experiences?

Back 158

C. Cognitive

Front 159

An example of evidence for psychophysiological disorders is that:

Back 159

A. Ulcers, asthma, insomnia, and chronic headaches probably have physical and psychological causes

Front 160

Which of the following BEST illustrates the interaction of psychosocial and physical factors in the development of a medical condition?

Back 160

C. Hypertension caused by obesity and constant stress

Front 161

People who are consistently angry, impenitent, competitive driven, and ambitious are displaying a ______ and are at greater risk for heart disease.

Back 161

B. Type A personality

Front 162

If someone were to correlate scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, and look at a relationship between stress and illness, that person would most likely find:

Back 162

A. a significant positive correlation.

Front 163

If you were working in the field of psychoneuroimmunology you would be studying:

Back 163

B. The links between stress and illness

Front 164

The generic term for white blood cells that react to freeing invaders in the body is:

Back 164

B. Lymphocytes

Front 165

Maureen is learning to warm her hands. She looks at a dial that reflects the output form a heat-sensitive device on her fingers and tries to make the dial go up. This is a form of:

Back 165

C. Biofeedback training

Front 166

A patient who treats sever pain by meditating, paying attention to her thoughts and sensation while remaining nonjudgmental is engaging in:

Back 166

D. Mindfulness medidation

Front 167

People who are coping with severe pain by telling themselves that they can get through it by focusing on pain ending, and remember that they have gotten through it before are MOST likely to have received which of the following therapies?

Back 167

B. Cognitive intervention

Front 168

One of the MAIN findings from the research on the relationship between psychology and physical illness is:

Back 168

C. There is a strong relationship between psychology and physical illness

Front 169

Psychosis means:

Back 169

B. Loss of contact with reality

Front 170

Schizophrenia is found in all socioeconomic classes. However, it is MOST likely to be found in someone from a:

Back 170

A. lower socioeconomic level

Front 171

Millie sees pretty colored butterflies on all walls. She also hears gentle music, that is actually not there. The presence of these behaviors illustrates _______ symptoms of schizophrenia.

Back 171

B. Positive

Front 172

Antonio believes that the anchor on the evening television is speaking directly, and personally to him. He even goes to the television studio to talk to the anchor. Antonio is suffering from:

Back 172

C. Delusions of Reference

Front 173

The MAIN difference between hallucinations and delusions is that:

Back 173

B. Hallucinations involve perception and delusions involve beliefs

Front 174

"Insects make me itch. My brother collects them; he is 5 feet 10 inches tall. That's my favorite number. I dance and draw." Such speech illustrates which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia?

Back 174

A. Loose associations

Front 175

If you could "get inside the head" of a person experiencing auditory hallucinations, you would MOST likely find that:

Back 175

A. the person actually produces nerve signals of sound in his brain

Front 176

A person with schizophrenia who laughs when told sad news and screams in situations that most people see as warm and tender is experiencing:

Back 176

C. inappropriate affect

Front 177

Noreen has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She is totally unresponsive to her environment. She does not move for hour on end and never responds to contacts from others. This is an example of:

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A. catatonic stupor

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A person with schizophrenia who is feeling apathetic, drained, and unable to start or follow through on any projects is displaying:

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C. Loss of volition

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The stage of development of schizophrenia marked by deteriorating of functioning and the display of mild symptoms is called the:

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C. prodromal phase

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A person with schizophrenia demonstrates poverty of speech and experiences auditory hallucinations. According to "Type I-Type II" evaluation categorization, this person would be:

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C. A mix of Type I and Type II

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According the diathesis stress model of schizophrenia:

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A. People with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present

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Which of the following statements about genetic factors in schizophrenia is accurate?

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A. Close relatives of those with schizophrenia are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia that distant relative of those with schizophrenia

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The link between dopamine and schizophrenia is supported by the finding that:

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A. lower dopamine activity helps remove schizophrenic symptoms

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Occasionally, you see or hear things. Your friends tell you its your imagination, but eventually you come to think your friends are hiding something and you develop delusions of persecution to explain their behavior. This thinking leads you down the "rational path to madness." This scenario is consistent with the:

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A. cognitive view

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Compared to those diagnosed with schizophrenia who live in developing countries, those diagnosed with schizophrenia who live in developed countries are:

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A. less likely to recover fully, and more likely to be hospitalized

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David Rosenhan (1973) sent eight normal people to various psychiatric hospitals. All eight complained of hearing voices that said "empty," "hollow," and "thud". After being admitted to on of the hospitals, each personal acted normally, yet all were diagnosed as schizophrenic. One of the conclusions from this study is that:

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B. The expectations produced by labeling can alter perception

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Families that display high levels of expressed emotion do all of the following EXCEPT:

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D. Approve of another's actions.

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Theorists propose that institutionalized patients deteriorate because they are deprived of opportunities to develop self-respect and independence. The therapy that counters this effect by creating an environment that encourages self-respect and responsibility is known as:

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C. Milieu Therapy

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If one could only use a single treatment for schizophrenia and wanted the MOST effective treatment, once should choose:

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A. Antipsychotic drugs

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The MOST important similarity among the personality disorders listed in the text is that:

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C. They are inflexible, maladaptive, and related to impaired functioning or distress.

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Comorbidity means that:

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C. two disorders may occur together in an individual

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If you believe that personality disorders are best understood as a matter of degree in difference from typical personality rather than as a specific diagnosis, you agree with:

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A. the dimensional approach

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The category of "odd" personality disorders includes the traits of:

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D. extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and perceptual peculiarities

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Reese is distrustful of others and reacts quickly to perceived threats. Even though he has no evidence, he is sure his wife is unfaithful. He finds it almost impossible to forgive those he thinks have wronged him. Reese displays the characteristics of:

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B. Paranoid personality disorder

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Wes has always been a loner. He has never much cared for being with other people and does not form relationships easily. He appears to be without emotion. Wes may be exhibiting:

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A. Schizoid personality disorder

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An individual diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder reports having a great deal of difficulty figuring out how others feel, and as a child had difficulty developing adequate language skills. These finding would make the MOST sense to a theorist with which background?

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C. Cognitive

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The disorder that appears to be MOST closely related to schizotypal personality disorder is:

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B. Schizophrenia

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An adult has been jailed for the third time for fraud; each time it has been for persuading investors to put money into a phony silver mine. If the adult has received a DSM-5 diagnosis, the MOST likely diagnosis is:

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D. Antisocial personality disorder

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The absence of parental love results in emotional detachment and the use of power to form relationships. This is MOST like a ________ explanation of the development of antisocial personality disorder.

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D. Psychodynamic

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Giving in to a child's refusal to comply with a parental request may inadvertently reinforce stubborn and defiant behavior, setting the scene for development of antisocial personality disorder. This is MOST like a _______ explanation for the development of an antisocial personality disorder.q

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C. Behavioral

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An individual with a diagnosed personality disorder is emotionally unstable, impulsive, and reckless. This persons diagnosis is likely to be which of the following personality disorders?

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A. Borderline

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Dr. Marsha Linehan, developer of dialectical behavior therapy, would have diagnosed her young adult self with:

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B. Borderline personality disorder

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Which of the following is NOT an important part of dialectical behavior therapy?

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C. Antipsychotic drugs

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When the seat belt light in DIDI's car stays on for a few extra seconds, she busts into tears. She always craves attention and reacts to even the smallest event with an elaborate show of emotion. She probably could receive a diagnosis of:

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C. Histrionic personality disorder

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" I am the greatest!" a famous boxer declared loudly and often. He had in fact acted throughout his adult life as though he were the greatest, the most appropriate diagnosis would be:

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B. narcissistic personality disorder

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Elena can't seem to establish social ties because she is afraid of being embarrassed or appearing foolish. She is easily hurt by criticism and is not willing to go into unfamiliar situations. She may be experiencing:

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B. Avoidant personality disorder

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A person who has excessive need to be taken care of and is clingy is MOST likely to qualify for a diagnosis of:

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C. Dependent personality disorder

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A child who is severely criticized for acting independently, and who is praised for doing exactly what parents say to do, later develops dependent personality disorder. The therapist who would be LEAST surprised by this outcome would have which theoretic orientation?

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B. Behavioral

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The TV show Monk features a detective who is very seldom happy, has few good friends, insists on a very ridid order and way in which he must do things, and frequently had difficultly making up his mind about what to do. If he were diagnosed with a personality disorder, it would MOST likely be:

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B. Obsessive compulsive

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"It is obvious that this case of obsessive-compulsive disorder arises from an early childhood fixation." Which type of psychologist would MOST likely have made that statement?

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D. Psychodynamic