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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
substance use disorders |
disorders characterized by inability to use a substance in moderation and/or the intentional use of a substance to change one's thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviors, leading to impairment in work, academic, personal, or social endeavors |
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gambling disorder |
a disorder, similar to substance abuse, characterized by the inability to resist the impulse to gamble |
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substance |
naturally occurring or synthetically produced product that alters perceptions, thoughts, emotions, and behaviors when ingested, smoked, or injected |
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substance intoxication |
experience of significantly maladaptive behavioral and psychological symptoms due to the effect of a substance on the central nervous system that develops during or shortly after use of the substance |
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substance withdrawal |
experience of clinically significant distress in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning due to the cessation or reduction of substance use |
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substance dependence |
diagnosis given in the DSM-IV when a person's recurrent substance use leads to physiological dependence or significant impairment or distress, as manifested by an inability to use the substance in moderation; a decline in social, occupational, or recreational activities; or the spending of large amounts of time obtaining substances or recovering from their effects |
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substance abuse |
diagnosis given in the DSM-IV when a person's recurrent substance use leads to significant harmful consequences, as manifested by a failure to fulfill obligations at work, school, or home; the use of substances in physically hazardous situations; legal problems; and continued use despite social and legal problems |
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tolerance |
condition of experiencing less and less effect from the same dose of a substance |
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depressants |
drugs that slow the nervous system |
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delirium tremens (DTs) |
symptoms that result during severe alcohol withdrawal, including hallucinations, delusions, agitation, and disorientation |
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Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates |
sold by prescription, usually used as sedatives for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia. Sometimes benzos used as muscle relaxants and anti-seizure medicines. |
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amphetamines |
stimulant drugs that can produce symptoms of euphoria, self-confidence, alertness, agitation, paranoia, perceptual illusions, and depression |
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nicotine |
alkaloid found in tobacco; operates on both the central and peripheral nervous systems, resulting in the release of biochemicals, including dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and the endogenous opioids |
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caffeine |
chemical compound with stimulant effects |
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opioids |
substances, including morphine and heroin, that produce euphoria followed by a tranquil state; in severe intoxication, can lead to unconsciousness, coma, and seizures; can cause withdrawal symptoms of emotional distress, severe nausea, sweating, diarrhea, and fever |
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hallucinogens |
substances, including LSD and MDMA (ecstasy), that produce perceptual illusions and distortions even in small doses |
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phencyclidine (PCP) |
substance that produces euphoria, slowed reaction times, and involuntary movements at low doses; disorganized thinking, feelings of unreality, and hostility at intermediate doses; and amnesia, analgesia, respiratory problems, and changes in body temperature at high doses |
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cannabis |
substance that causes feelings of well-being, perceptual distortions, and paranoid thinking |
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inhalants |
solvents, such as gasoline, glue, or paint thinner, that one inhales to produce a high and that can cause permanent central nervous system damage as well as liver and kidney damage |
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antagonist drugs |
drugs that block or change the effects of an addictive drug, reducing desire for the drug |
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methadone |
opioid that is less potent and longer-lasting than heroin; taken by heroin users to decrease their cravings and help them cope with negative withdrawal symptoms |
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motivational interviewing |
intervention for sufferers of substance use disorders to elicit and solidify individuals' motivation and commitment to changing their substance use; rather than confronting the user, the motivational interviewer adopts an empathic interaction style, drawing out the user's own statements of desire, ability, reasons, need, and ultimately commitment to change |
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abstinence violation effect |
what happens when a person attempting to abstain from alcohol use ingests alcohol and then endures conflict and guilt by making an internal attribution to explain why he or she drank, thereby making him or her more likely to continue drinking in order to cope with the self-blame and guilt |
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relapse prevention programs |
treatments that seek to offset continued alcohol use by identifying high-risk situations for those attempting to stop or cut down on drinking and teaching them either to avoid those situations or to use assertiveness skills when in them, while viewing setbacks as temporary |
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harm reduction model |
approach to treating substance use disorders that views alcohol use as normative behavior and focuses education on the immediate risks of the excessive use of alcohol (such as alcohol-related accidents) and on the payoffs of moderation (such as avoidance of hangovers) |