Abnormal Psych - Ch 7 Mood Disorders And Suicide

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Attributions

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Process of assigning causes to things that happen

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Behavioral Activation Treatment

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Treatment for depression in which the patient and the therapist work together to help the patient find ways to become more active and engaged with life.

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Bipolar Disorder with a Seasonal Pattern

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Bipolar disorder with recurrences in particular seasons of the year.

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Bipolar Disorders

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Mood disorders in which a person experiences both manic and depressive episodes.

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Bipolar I Disorder

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A form of bipolar disorder in which the person experiences both manic (or mixed) episodes and major depressive episodes.

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Bipolar II Disorder

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A form of bipolar disorder in which the person experiences both hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes.

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Chronic Major Depressive Disorder

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A disorder in which a major depressive episode does not remit over a two year period.

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Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT) (Cognitive Therapy)

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Therapy based on altering dysfunctional thoughts and cognitive distortions.

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Cyclothymic Disorder

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Mild mood disorder characterized by cyclical periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms.

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Depression

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Emotional state characterized by extraordinary sadness and dejection.

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Depressogenic Schemas

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Dysfunctional beliefs that are rigid, extreme, and counterproductive and that are thought to leave one susceptible to depression when experiencing stress.

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Double Depression

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This condition is diagnosed when a person with dysthymia has a superimposed major depressive episode.

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Dysfunctional Beliefs

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Negative beliefs that are rigid, extreme, and counterproductive.

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Dysthymic Disorder

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Moderately severe modd disorder characterized by a persistently depressed mood most of the day for more days than not for at least 2 years. Additional symptoms may include poor appetite, sleep disturbance, lack of energy, low self-esteem, difficulty concentrating, and feelings of hopelessness.

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Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

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Use of electricity to produce convulsions and uncounsciousness; a treatment used primarilty to alleviate depressive and manic episodes. Also known as electroshock therapy.

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Hypomanic Episode

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A condition lasting at least 4 days in which a person experiences abnormally elevated, expansive or irritable mood. At least 3 out of 7 other designated symptoms similar to those in a manic episode must also be present but to a lesser degree than in mania.

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Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)

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A therapy approach used to treat unipolar depression that focuses on current relationship issues and trying to help the person understand and change maladaptive interaction patterns.

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Learned Helplessness Theory

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A therory that animals and people exposed to uncontrollable aversive events learn that they have no control over these events and this causes them to behave in a passive and helpless manner when later exposed to potentially controllable events. Later extended to become a theory of depression.

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Lithium

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Drug used as a treatment for manic episodes.

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Major Depressive Disorder

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Moderate to severe mood disorder in which a person experiences only major depressive episodes, but not hypomanic, manic or mixed episodes. Single episode if only one; recurrent episode if more than one.

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Major Depressive Episode

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A mental condition in which a person must be markedly depressed for most of every day for most days for at least 2 weeks. In addition, a total of at least 5 out of 9 designated symptoms must also be present during the same time period.

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Major Depressive Episode with Atypical Features

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A type of major depressive episode which includes a pattern of symptoms characterized by marked mood reactivity, as well as at least 2 out of 4 other designated symptoms.

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Major Depressive Episode with Catatonic Features

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A type of major depressive episode which includes marked psychomotor disturbances from motoric immobility to extensive psychomotor activity, mutism or rigidity.

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Major Depressive Episode with Melancholic Features

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A type of major depressive episode which includes marked symptoms of loss of interest or pleasure in almost all activities, plus at least 3 of 6 other designated symptoms.

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Mania

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Emotional state characterized by intense and unrealistic feelings of excitement and euphoria.

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Manic Episode

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A condition in which a person shows markedly elevated, euphoric, or expansive mood, often interrupted by occasional outbursts of intense irritability or even violence that lasts for at least 1 week. In addition at least 3 out of 7 other designated symptoms must also occur.

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Mixed Episode

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A condition in which a person is characterized by symptoms of both full-blown manic and major depressive episodes for at least 1 week, whether the symptoms are intermixed or alternate rapidly every few days.

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Monoamine-oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

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Category of antidepressant medication that inhibits the action of monoamine oxidase, the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of norepinephrine and serotonin once released.

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Mood Disorders

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Disturbances of mood that are intense and persistent enough to be clearly maladaptive.

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Mood-congruent Delusions

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Delusions or hallucinations that are consistent with a person's mood.

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Negative Automatic Thoughts

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Thoughts that are just below the surface of awareness and that involve unpleasant pessimistic predictions.

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Negative Cognitive Triad

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Negative thoughts about the self, the world, and the future.

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Pessimistic Attributional Style

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Cognitive style involving a tendencey to make internal, stable, and global attirbutions for negative life events.

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Rapid Cycling

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A pattern of bipolar disorder involving at least four manic or depressive episodes per year.

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Recurrence

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A new occurence of a disorder after a remission of symptoms.

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Recurrent Major Depressive Episode with a Seasonal Pattern

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Mood disorder involving at least two episodes of depression in the past two years occuring at the same time of year (most commonly fall or winter), with remission also occuring at the same time of year (most commonly spring).

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Relapse

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Return of the symptoms of a disorder after a fairly short period of time.

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Rumination

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A tendency for a person to focus intently on how and why they feel sad or distressed, keeping themselves in a repetitive and relatively passive mental state.

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Seasonal Affective Disorder

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Mood disorder involving at least two episodes of depression in the past two years occuring at the same time of year (most commonly fall or winter), with remission also occuring at the same time of year (most commonly spring).

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Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

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A class of antidepressant medications with generally fewer side effects and well tolerated by most patients.

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Severe Major Depressive Episode with Psychotic Features

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Major depression involving loss of contact with reality, often in the form of delusions or hallucinations.

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Specifiers

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Different patterns of symptoms that sometimes characterize major depressive episodes which may help predict the course and preferred treatments for the condition.

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Suicide

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Taking one's own life.

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Tricyclic Antidepressants

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A class of antidepressant medications that increases nuerotransmission of the monoamines norepinephrine and serotonin. These antidepressants are effect for moderate to seriously depressed patients but have unpleasant side effects for some people.

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Unipolar Depressive Disorder

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Mood disorders in which a person experiences only depressive episodes, as opposed to bipolar disorder, in which both manic and depressive episodes occur.