Abnormal Child Psychology Vt Exam 1

Front 1

When did social conscience start to emerge?

Back 1

18th c.

Front 2

historically, why were children often ignored or subjected to harsh treatment? (3)

Back 2

because the belief they would die, were posessed, or were simply owned by parents

Front 3

Johne Lock and Jean-Marc Itard advanced the belief that...

Back 3

children should be treated with kindness & compassion

Front 4

in the late 19th c. the distinction was made between individuals with MR "______" and those with psychiatric disorders "_______"

Back 4

1) imbeciles
2) lunatics

Front 5

children with normal cognitive abilities but disturbing behavior were said to be suffering from...

Back 5

moral insanity

Front 6

advances in medical science led to replacement of moral insanity view by the....

Back 6

organic disease model

Front 7

who helped further the idea that kids need support? where did they work?

Back 7

Dorthea Dix
-worked in troubled youth homes

Front 8

the view of mental disorders as "diseases" led to

Back 8

eugenics and segregation

Front 9

psychological influences didn't emerge until the _____ with _____

Back 9

early 1900's
Freud

Front 10

psychoanalytic theory linked mental disorders to ____________ and for the first time mental disorders were viewed ______

Back 10

childhood experiences
as not being inevitable

Front 11

______ laid the foundation for studying conditioning and elimination of problematic behavior

Back 11

behaviorism

Front 12

until the late ___'s most children with mental disorders were institutionalized

Back 12

1940's

Front 13

from 1940-1955, the number of children in _____ decreased while the number of children in ________ increased

Back 13

institutions
foster families & group homes

Front 14

who were 2 big names that showed children need contact and loving care and what did they do?

Back 14

-Rene Spitz- filmed infants with little contact & stimulation... showed impact of institutionalization
-Harlow- monkeys & comfort contact

Front 15

in the 1950's and 1960's, _____ was the systematic approach to treatment

Back 15

behavior therapy

Front 16

currently, what happens to children with mental disorders?

Back 16

Individuals w/ Disabilaties Act (IDeA) mandates free & public education for special needs children

Front 17

determining what is normal and abnormal is a very ______ process

Back 17

arbitrary

Front 18

psychological disorders are a pattern of behavioral, cognitive, or physical symptoms with one or more of: (3)

Back 18

1)distress
2)disability
3)increased risk for further suffering or harm

Front 19

many childhood problems are best depicted in terms of ____

Back 19

relationships

Front 20

labels describe ______ not ______

Back 20

behavior, not the child

Front 21

problems may be the result of children's attempts to adapt to....

Back 21

abnormal or unusual circumstances

Front 22

the ability to adapt in the environment and achieve normal developmental milestones is known as

Back 22

competence

Front 23

the idea that similar early experiences lead to different outcomes

Back 23

multifinality

Front 24

the idea that different factors lead to similar outcomes

Back 24

equifinality

Front 25

the ability to avoid negative outcomes despite being at risk is called

Back 25

resilience

Front 26

is resilience a fixed attribute?

Back 26

no

Front 27

the protective triad is comprised of

Back 27

individual strengths of the child, the family, and the school & comunity

Front 28

1 in __ children has a significant mental health problem; 1 in __ meets criteria for a specific disorder

Back 28

1 in 5
1 in 10

Front 29

of children that need services, __% do not receive them; fewer than __% of children with mental health problems receive proper services

Back 29

75%
10%

Front 30

about 1 in __ children in North America live in poverty

Back 30

1 in 6

Front 31

Violence is __ greater in girls and __ greater in boys coming from poverty

Back 31

3x
5x

Front 32

sex differences ______ with age

Back 32

increase

Front 33

there are over ___ verified reports of maltreatment to children in US per year

Back 33

1 million

Front 34

it's estimated that more than ___ of 10-16 yr. olds experience physical and/or sexual abuse

Back 34

1/3

Front 35

lifespan implications: about __% of children will have significant difficulties throughout their lives

Back 35

20%

Front 36

children's successful adaptation depends on...

Back 36

relationships

Front 37

psychological disorders are indications of ______ in one ore more areas of development

Back 37

adaptational failures

Front 38

the developmental psychopathology perspective is a _______ for organizing the study of abnormal child psychology around _____ & ______

Back 38

macroparadigm
milestones & sequences

Front 39

what is the time where environmental influences are enhanced called?

Back 39

sensitive periods

Front 40

child behavior is ____ determined

Back 40

multiply

Front 41

the child and then environment are ____ and interact _______

Back 41

interdependent
dynamically

Front 42

abnormal child behavior is best studied from a _____ perspective

Back 42

multidimensional

Front 43

growth in synapses is followed by _______

Back 43

selective pruning

Front 44

the human brain develops in a _______, _______ way

Back 44

predictable, organized

Front 45

4 areas of brain relevant to psychopathology

Back 45

basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, limbic system, and frontal lobes

Front 46

what system regulates body processes through hormones and is closely related to the immune system?

Back 46

endocrine system

Front 47

in a study where angry vs. calm people were cut, what was found?

Back 47

angry people took 5-7 days longer to heal

Front 48

left side

Back 48

language and logic

Front 49

right side

Back 49

space and perception

Front 50

frontal area

Back 50

decision, reasoning, "executive"

Front 51

temporal lobe

Back 51

hearing, memory

Front 52

parietal lobe

Back 52

motor, touch

Front 53

where is the basal ganglia?

Back 53

in the caudate nucleus

Front 54

what houses emotional regulation, impulse control, emotional memory & learning, and stress & trauma?

Back 54

limbic system

Front 55

the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been implicated in what kind of disorders?

Back 55

anxiety & mood

Front 56

serotonin is related to what kind of disorders?

Back 56

sleep, aggression, eating disorders

Front 57

benzoidazepine-GABA is related to what kind of disorders?

Back 57

anxiety disorders

Front 58

norepinephrine is related to what kind of disorders?

Back 58

mood disorders

Front 59

dopamine is related to what kind of disorders?

Back 59

ADHD (reward)

Front 60

what does the brain stem do?

Back 60

regulates body functions such as breathing, sleep, survival

Front 61

what are factors in temperament?

Back 61

positive/negative or fearful/inhibited affect, effortful control

Front 62

what do emotions do?

Back 62

tell us what to pay attention to and provide motivation for action

Front 63

what shapes the childs approach to the environment and vice versa?

Back 63

temperament

Front 64

children may have difficulties in emotional _____ or ______

Back 64

reactivity or regulation

Front 65

Applied Behavior Analysis explains behavior as a function of its ______ & ______ and is related to what person/conditioning?

Back 65

-antecedents and consequences
-skinner and operant conditioning

Front 66

classical conditioning explains behavior in terms of _________ between previously neutral and unconditioned stimuli
-what 2 people were involved?

Back 66

paired associations
-Pavlov and Watson (Little Albert)

Front 67

_______ considers the influence of cognitive mediators, affect, and contextual variables in the etiology and maintainence of behaviors

Back 67

social learning

Front 68

_______ refers to how children think about themselves and others resulting in mental representations of self and others (i.e. sterotypes)

Back 68

social cognition

Front 69

ecological models describe the child's environment as a series of ______ & ______ structures

Back 69

nested & interconnected

Front 70

attachment came about by means of ______

Back 70

evolution

Front 71

What does an anxious-avoidant child do? How did their parent treat them?

Back 71

-turns away to hide emotions & avoid expressing
-parent was consistently hostile with child

Front 72

What does a secure child do? How did the parent treat them?

Back 72

-gets a little upset when parent leaves but are quickly comforted with their return
-parent was very in tune with needs of child

Front 73

What does a disorganized child do?

Back 73

-no clear pattern of behavior

Front 74

What does an anxious-resistant child do? How did their parent treat them?

Back 74

-child runs to parent then turns away
-parent was inconsistent with child

Front 75

______ theorists study children's behavior in relation to other family members

Back 75

family systems theorists

Front 76

describe Izard's findings on emotions in infants

Back 76

-facial expressions are windows to inner emotions
-some facial expressions are inborn/universal

Front 77

describe Kagan's findings on temperament in children

Back 77

-temperament is manifestation of inborn qualities
-temperament is relatively stable over time

Front 78

describe Greenspan's comprehensive approach to treating children & families

Back 78

early intervention with equal attention to parent/child roles and cultural context