Abeka Grade 8 Science Test 6

Front 1

A volcano consisting primarily of erupted volcanic ash and rock fragments held together loosely is a __?__ volcano.

Back 1

cinder-cone

Front 2

The upper layers of the ground stripped away by surface mining are the __?__.

Back 2

overburden

Front 3

Some glaciers extend into the ocean without breaking to form __?__.

Back 3

ice shelves

Front 4

Which type of weathering involves the breaking or peeling away of rock into layers?

Back 4

exfoliation

Front 5

What is an alloy of iron and carbon?

Back 5

steel

Front 6

What is the land that borders a river and is covered by river water in flood time?

Back 6

floodplain

Front 7

The amount of matter in an object is the __?__.

Back 7

mass

Front 8

Man is classified as Homo __?__.

Back 8

sapiens

Front 9

What type of mountain formed when rocks on one side of a fault were forced upward and the rocks on the other side were forced downward?

Back 9

fault-block

Front 10

What is the narrow zone of active volcanoes that encircles the Pacific basin?

Back 10

Ring of Fire

Front 11

What is the resistance of a smooth surface of a mineral to being scratched?

Back 11

hardness

Front 12

The largest group of minerals, which compose over 90% of the earth's crust, are the __?__.

Back 12

silicates

Front 13

What plant food element promotes the ripening of fruits?

Back 13

phosphorus

Front 14

What is the upper surface of ground water?

Back 14

water table

Front 15

Lava that hardens into rough, jagged rocks with crumbly or "blocky" texture is __?__ lava.

Back 15

aa

Front 16

What deep-sea-fish living fossil was once through to be the ancestor of the first amphibians?

Back 16

coelacanth

Front 17

What are crystalline substances found naturally in the earth?

Back 17

minerals

Front 18

A fan-shaped deposit of sediments at the mouth of a river is a(n) __?__.

Back 18

delta

Front 19

Which australopithecine was known as "upright man"?

Back 19

Homo erectus

Front 20

The sudden appearance of life in the fossil record is called the __?__.

Back 20

Cambrian explosion

Front 21

sandy, gently sloping underwater plain near a continent

Back 21

continental rise

Front 22

underwater mountain range

Back 22

mid-oceanic ridge

Front 23

one of the deep depressions in the earth's surface where the oceans are contained

Back 23

ocean basin

Front 24

underwater mountain

Back 24

seamount

Front 25

beginning marked by shelf break

Back 25

continental slope

Front 26

one of the huge, muddy valleys that cut through portions of the abyssal plain

Back 26

trench

Front 27

large fissure in the continental shelf

Back 27

seamount

Front 28

a pool of shallow, salty water at the center of an atoll

Back 28

lagoon

Front 29

a huge level region of the deep ocean floor

Back 29

abyssal plain

Front 30

Rhythmic back-and-forth motions of water that transfer energy are called __?__.

Back 30

waves

Front 31

Crystals are generally characterized by many flat surfaces called __?__.

Back 31

faces

Front 32

Oceanographers collect water samples from the ocean depths using __?__ bottles.

Back 32

Niskin

Front 33

The process in which wind lifts particles for short distances then drops them abruptly is __?__.

Back 33

saltation

Front 34

Movements of ocean water caused primarily by the moon are called __?__.

Back 34

tides

Front 35

The study of earth is __?__.

Back 35

geology

Front 36

The revolutionary submersible design invented by Auguste Piccard was the __?__.

Back 36

bathyscaphe

Front 37

Gentle, rolling waves that appear even in calm weather are __?__.

Back 37

(ocean) swells

Front 38

Seventy-eight percent of the salt in the ocean is __?__.

Back 38

sodium chloride

Front 39

The region where cold, deep water meets sun-warmed surface water is the __?__.

Back 39

thermocline

Front 40

The earth's rotation causes surface currents to move in circular paths called __?__.

Back 40

gyres

Front 41

A __?__ is a device with an open tube that is dropped to the sea floor, allowing its weight to puncture the sediment.

Back 41

gravity corer

Front 42

Huge chunks of floating glacial ice are __?__.

Back 42

icebergs

Front 43

The process that breaks rock down into soil is __?__.

Back 43

weathering

Front 44

The study of fossils is __?__.

Back 44

paleontology

Front 45

When water from heavy waves rapidly flows away from the shore through a gap in a sandbar, the water forms a(n) __?__.

Back 45

rip current (or riptide)

Front 46

Regions of the earth's surface where limestone is exposed and abundant are __?__ regions.

Back 46

karst

Front 47

The deepest regions of the sea, with depths greater than 6,000 meters (19,690 feet) are in the __?__ zone.

Back 47

hadal

Front 48

One idea that attempts to reconcile the Bible and evolution is __?__.

Back 48

theistic evolution

Front 49

The deepest known point in the sea is the __?__.

Back 49

Challenger Deep (or Marianas Trench)

Front 50

A mineral test that leaves a line of powder on a plate is a(n) __?__ test.

Back 50

streak

Front 51

The most abundant element in the earth's crust is __?__.

Back 51

oxygen

Front 52

A low hill formed when a glacier overruns a moraine is a __?__.

Back 52

drumlin

Front 53

When two rock layers are pushed violently together, causing the layers to buckle, __?__ mountains form.

Back 53

folded

Front 54

What is the red variety of corundum?

Back 54

ruby

Front 55

What device uses sound waves to detect underwater objects?

Back 55

sonar

Front 56

What is a warm surface current that flows in the Atlantic Ocean north of the equator?

Back 56

Gulf Stream

Front 57

What are large almond-or teardrop-shaped pieces of ejecta formed when lava solidifies?

Back 57

volcanic bomb

Front 58

Halfway between the spring tides are weaker-than-normal tides called __?__ tides.

Back 58

neap

Front 59

What type of fold occurs when rocks buckle upward?

Back 59

anticline

Front 60

What hypothetical time scale supposedly charts both the earth's history and the sequence of the rock layers in the earth's crust?

Back 60

geologic column

Front 61

Emerald and aquamarine are two forms of what mineral?

Back 61

beryl

Front 62

The amount of dissolved salt in seawater is __?__.

Back 62

salinity

Front 63

A theory that has never been proven false is a __?__.

Back 63

law

Front 64

What is a winding, looping curve in a river on flat ground?

Back 64

meander

Front 65

What type of mountain is formed when molten rock collects beneath an overlying rock layer, focusing the layer upward into a blister-like structure?

Back 65

domed

Front 66

What theory states that the earth's crust and upper mantle consist of huge plates slowly drifting as a result of convection currents in the mantle?

Back 66

plate tectonics

Front 67

The daily or twice-daily period when the ocean levels are at their highest point is called __?__ tide.

Back 67

hgih

Front 68

What is the false belief that all geological processes have always proceeded at the same rate?

Back 68

uniformitarianism

Front 69

What metal is more valuable than gold or silver?

Back 69

platinum

Front 70

What scale do chemists use to express acidity and basicity of substances?

Back 70

pH

Front 71

What is the study of the earth's oceans called?

Back 71

oceanography

Front 72

What percent of the earth's surface is covered by water?

Back 72

seventy

Front 73

Give the term for the water pressure?

Back 73

upwelling

Front 74

What is the scientific term for water pressure?

Back 74

hydrostatic pressure

Front 75

What does scuba stand for?

Back 75

self-contaminated underwater breathing apparatus

Front 76

What is the substance that makes up the physical world?

Back 76

matter

Front 77

What device serves as a framework for many water collection bottles, allowing oceanographers to collect water from different depths?

Back 77

rosette

Front 78

What is the point on the earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus?

Back 78

epicenter

Front 79

What is the highest point of a wave?

Back 79

crest

Front 80

Who popularized evolution with his book "On the Origin of Species"?

Back 80

(Charles) Darwin