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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AAA |
• Aorta > 3 cm •90% occur below renals |
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AAA Mortaliy |
•15,000 annual in USA •10-25% survive rupture |
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AAA Risk Factors |
•Tobacco, family history, age, male, obesity, high cholesterol |
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AAA Symptoms |
•Intact: most asymptomatic •Palpable pulsatile mass •Back & abdominal pain |
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AAA Rupture |
•High risk if >/= 5 cm |
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AAA Complications |
•Rupture, thrombosis, embolization •Males over 60 highest risk |
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AAA Measurements |
•Largest diameter: AP, lateral walls •Residual lumen |
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AAA Extension |
•Check for renal or illiac involvement •If within 2 cm of celiac/SMA, renals likely involved |
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Aortic Dissection |
•Blood enters tear in intimal tear •Encroaches on lumen = stenosis •False channel or hematoma seen in wall |
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Aorta Flow Above Renals |
•Low resistance |
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Aorta Flow Below Renals |
•High resistance |
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Renal Disease & Hypertension |
•> 10 million patients •Caused by chronic renal disease and renal artery disease |
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True Renovascular Hypertension |
•260,000 patients |
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Renovascular Hypertension Causes |
•Atherosclerosis, FMD, dissection/extension of aortic dissection |
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Renal Artery Stenosis |
•Must be >/= 70% before hypertension likely |
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Renovascular HTN Other Causes |
•Decrease in pressure/flow in kidney •Renin released into blood |
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Renin in Blood |
•Converted to angiotensin II •Results in vasoconstriction, sodium and water retention |
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Renal Doppler Indications |
•Uncontrolled HTN, *younger pts •Decreased renal function, abdominal bruit |
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Segmental Renal Arteries |
•Branches of main renal artery, enter through hilum |
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Interlobar Arteries |
•Arise from segmentals, enter parenchyma and run between pyramids |
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Arcuate Arteries |
•Branch from interlobars, course parallel to cortex surface •Extend into cortex |
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Accessory Renal Arteries |
•Can arise from aorta, SMA, iliacs •On right, may pass anterior to IVC |
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Renal Doppler Purpose |
•Find HTN etiology •Prevent renal failure •Evaluate transplants for complications |
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Renal Transplant Complications |
•Twists, kinks, stenosis, rejection |
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Renal Doppler Direct Method |
•Entire renal artery and parenchyma bilaterally |
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Renal Doppler Indirect Method |
•Segmental renal arteries used to determine main artery disease |
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Renal Doppler Prep |
•Overnight fast, morning exam •Well hydrated, no gum or smokes |
