Abdominal Anatomy- Last Minute Cards

Front 1

what nerve goes through the apermaticord?

what nerve runs on top of it (still inthe inguinal canal)

Back 1

genital brranch

ilioguinal

Front 2

what is the site of the cystic artery to the gallbladder?

Back 2

trianblg eof calot

Front 3

what goes through superficial ring and not the deep ring

Back 3

ilioinguinal N

Front 4

The SMA and vein, go behind______ but over the _____

Back 4

pancreatic neck

uncinate process

Front 5

what atery goes to the fundus?

Back 5

short gastric

Front 6

the portal/vena caval system includes:

Back 6

rectum
u,mbilicus
stomach

Front 7

what is the opening to the lesser sac?

if you put your finger in it, what vessel do you touch

where is that in loc`ation to the IVC

what ligament would you twaing?

Back 7

windslow

portal vein

anterior

heptoduodenal

Front 8

where is a femoral hernia

Back 8

subinguinal space

Front 9

what is the least painful way to locate the appendicitis

Back 9

Coughing causes point tenderness in this area (McBurney's Point) and this is the least painful way to localize the inflamed appendix.

and rigid abdomin

Front 10

what is the murphys sign

Back 10

In medicine, Murphy's sign refers to a physical examination maneuver that is part of the abdominal examination and a finding elicited in ultrasonography. It is useful for differentiating right upper quadrant abdominal pain
Classically, it is performed by asking the patient to breathe out and then gently placing the hand below the costal margin on the right side at the mid-clavicular line (the approximate location of the gallbladder). The patient is then instructed to inspire (breathe in). Normally, during inspiration, the abdominal contents are pushed downward as the diaphragm moves down (and lungs expand). If the patient stops breathing in (as the gallbladder is tender and, in moving downward, comes in contact with the examiner's fingers) the test is considered positive.

Front 11

which renal vein is longer?

Back 11

left

Front 12

round ligament of liver

Back 12

In anatomy, the round ligament of (the) liver (also commonly known by its Latin name, ligamentum teres - or more specifically ligamentum teres hepatis as the human body has three round ligaments in total) is a degenerative string of tissue that exists in the free edge of the falciform ligament of the liver.

The round ligament represents the remnant of the left fetal umbilical vein. The round ligament therefore only exists in humans (and other animals) that are more than a few months old. Prenatally and for a month or two after birth, the umbilical vein is patent.

The umbilical vein/round ligament inserts around the umbilicus and is an important landmark of the inner surface of the anterior abdominal wall.

Front 13

what structure is in the lesser sac?

Back 13

portal triad

Front 14

pancreatic duct

Back 14

The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla.

Front 15

what forms the balls plexus

Back 15

The spermatic veins emerge from the back of the testis, and receive tributaries from the epididymis: they unite and form a convoluted plexus, the plexus pampiniformis, which forms the chief mass of the cord.

The vessels composing this plexus are very numerous, and ascend along the cord in front of the ductus deferens; below the subcutaneous inguinal ring they unite to form three or four veins, which pass along the inguinal canal, and, entering the abdomen through the abdominal inguinal ring, coalesce to form two veins.

Front 16

lat and anterior nerves are mostly from the

these are found behind and in what muscle?

Back 16

lumbar plexus T12-L5

iolipsoas

Front 17

name nerves of the lumbar plexus

Back 17

subcostal
ioliogypogastric inguinal
lateral cutan
genitofemeral

Front 18

discribe the relation of the femoral and obterator nerve to the psoas

Back 18

F- lateral

O- medial

Front 19

what gives blood to the gallbladder and the cycstic duct?

Back 19

The cystic artery supplies oxygenated blood to the gallbladder and cystic duct. a singular cystic artery originates from the geniculate flexure of the right hepatic artery in the upper portion of the hepatobiliary triangle

Front 20

triangle of calot borders

Back 20

The hepatobiliary triangle (or cystohepatic triangle) is an anatomic space bordered by the common hepatic duct medially, the cystic duct inferiorly and the liver superiorly. The cystic artery normally passes through the triangle;

Front 21

what contains the short gastric artetry and the lest gastric omental artery?

Back 21

gastrosplenic ligament from dorsal mesentrary

Front 22

what carried splenic artery and tail of pancrease?

Back 22

splenorenal ligament from dorsal mesentray

Front 23

what carries round ligament of lover and paraumbilical veins?

Back 23

falcifoprm ligament
(ventral mesentary)

Front 24

what is in the left abdominal region?

Back 24

The left kidney and ureter, and the descending colon are located here. Pain in this region may indicate pancreatitis, splenic inflammation, urinary lithiasis, or colitis.

Front 25

what is in the right abdominal region

Back 25

The right kidney and ureter, the ascending colon, cecum, and the vermiform appendix are located here. Pain in this region may indicate cholelithiasis, hepatic cirrhosis, appendicitis, or urinary lithiasis.

Front 26

what is in the umbilicous region

Back 26

The transverse colon and parts of the ileum and jejunum are located here. The pulsation of the abdominal aorta may be found here in pathological cases.

Front 27

what is in the pubic region

Back 27

The urinary bladder, uterus, and sigmoid colon are located here. Pain in this region may indicate uterine disorders or inflammations of the according organs.

Front 28

what is in the little region below the xiphiuod process

Back 28

The lower part of the esophagus, the upper part of the stomach and the lower border of the liver are located here

Front 29

location of inguinla hernias

Back 29

Inguinal hernias are further divided into the more common indirect inguinal hernia (2/3, depicted here), in which the inguinal canal is entered via a congenital weakness at its entrance (the internal inguinal ring), and the direct inguinal hernia type (1/3), where the hernia contents push through a weak spot in the back wall of the inguinal canal.

Front 30

location of femoral hernia

Back 30

Femoral hernias occur just below the inguinal ligament

Front 31

location of umbilical hernias

Back 31

They involve protrusion of intraabdominal contents through a weakness at the site of passage of the umbilical cord through the abdominal wall.

Front 32

diaphragmatic hernias

Back 32

Higher in the abdomen, an (internal) "diaphragmatic hernia" results when part of the stomach or intestine protrudes into the chest cavity through a defect in the diaphragm.

A hiatus hernia is a particular variant of this type, in which the normal passageway through which the esophagus meets the stomach (esophageal hiatus) serves as a functional "defect", allowing part of the stomach to (periodically) "herniate" into the chest. Hiatus hernias may be either "sliding," in which the gastroesophageal junction itself slides through the defect into the chest, or non-sliding (also known as para-esophageal), in which case the junction remains fixed while another portion of the stomach moves up through the defect. Non-sliding or para-esophageal hernias can be dangerous as they may allow the stomach to rotate and obstruct. Repair is usually advised.

Front 33

what is a coopers hernia

Back 33

A femoral hernia with two sacs, the first being in the femoral canal, and the second passing through a defect in the superficial fascia and appearing immediately beneath the skin.

Front 34

what is an epigastric hernia

Back 34

hernia through the linea alba above the umbilicus.

Front 35

the lateral umbilical fold contains?

Back 35

inferior epigastric vessels

Front 36

what forms medial umbilical fold

what forms mediAN umbilical fold

Back 36

peritoneal fold overlying the medial umbilical ligament

peritoneal fold overlying the median umbilical ligament (remnant of urachus)

Front 37

what is the vein of the TESTES

Back 37

pampiniform venous plexus surrounds the testicular a. to cool arterial blood before it reaches the testis

from the deep inguinal ring

Front 38

origin of testicular artery

Back 38

the origin of the testicular a. from the aorta at the L2 vertebral level indicates the embryonic level of origin of the testis prior to its descent

Front 39

____ marks the plane of transition from abdominal cavity to pelvic cavity

Back 39

arcuate line- not the same as the asrcuate fold

Front 40

what must you cut at the pubic hairline to get to the abdominla cavity

Back 40

A midline incision would pass through skin, superficial fascia (outer fatty and inner membranous layers), linea alba, transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal connective tissue, median umbilical ligament, and parietal peritoneum.

Front 41

memnorize this card Maxine

Back 41

This hernia is an indirect inguinal hernia because it traverses the inguinal canal. Indirect inguinal hernial sacs enter the inguinal canal at the deep inguinal ring lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels. Depending on the severity, the hernial sac may or may not extend through the superficial inguinal ring and into the scrotum or labium majus. Indirect inguinal hernias are more common in males than in females, and may be congenital or the result of an injury, as in the case above. Direct inguinal hernias bulge through the weak fascia of the abdominal wall directly behind the superficial inguinal ring and medial to the inferior epigastric vessels. Direct inguinal hernias are common in elderly men with weak abdominal muscles. Direct inguinal hernias rarely enter the scrotum.
What caused the bulge?

Front 42

what is at risk from gastric juices

Back 42

These organs would include the pancreas, the left suprarenal gland, the upper part of the left kidney, the diaphragm, the splenic artery, and its branches, and maybe the spleen. Erosion of the wall of the splenic artery is of particular concern because it could lead to severe internal hemorrhage and rapid exsanguination.

Front 43

what is in uper left quadrant

Back 43

Stomach, splenic flexure of the colon, tail of the pancreas, left kidney, and suprarenal gland, as well as the spleen

Front 44

discribe the course of the major vein that drains the spleen

Back 44

The splenic vein drains the spleen. It leaves the hilum of the spleen to join the inferior mesenteric vein, which then joins the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein.

Front 45

tumors in the head of the pancrease obstruct what

Back 45

Tumors in the head of the pancreas often obstruct the common bile duct, resulting in blockade of the normal bile recycling circuit. This blockade prevents excretion of bilirubin, a yellow-colored pigment that is a red blood cell breakdown product. The accumulation of bilirubin in various tissues, including the skin, causes jaundice.

Front 46

pancreatitis can compress what nerves

Back 46

somatic nerves on the posterior abdominal wall

Front 47

what organs could get cancer from the pancrease

Back 47

The structures in the immediate vicinity of the head of the pancreas, including duodenum, common bile duct, spleen, suprarenal gland, transverse colon, and stomach are all vulnerable to invasion by a pancreatic carcinoma.

Front 48

what could cause pancreatic refulx

Back 48

Blockage of the common bile duct by gallstones, which caused a reflux into the pancreas or blocked the pancreatic duct.

Front 49

discribe pancreatic blood supply

Back 49

Head: Supplied by the gastroduodenal artery (from common hepatic branch of celiac trunk), which gives off the posterior superior and anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries. The superior mesenteric artery also supplies the head via the anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries.

Body/Tail: The dorsal pancreatic artery, a branch of the splenic artery, joins a branch from the superior mesenteric artery to form the inferior pancreatic artery. Branches of the splenic artery and the inferior pancreatic artery in turn provide multiple branches to the tail.

Front 50

what would you do to lower blood pressure in the portal system?

Back 50

Surgically creating a shunt between the high pressure portal system and the low pressure systemic veins: Portocaval anastomosis (between the portal vein and the inferior vena cava) or splenorenal anastomosis (between left renal and splenic vein).

Front 51

discribe locations to kideneys

Back 51

The right kidney is located in the right paravertebral gutter, its hilum facing anterior and medially, against the psoas major muscle. The psoas major slopes laterally as it descends and therefore the lower pole of the kidney is more lateral than the upper. The 11th rib crosses the upper pole of the right kidney and the 12th rib crosses it just above the hilum. The liver pushes the kidney down somewhat so that the left kidney is slightly higher

Front 52

What is the relationship of the psoas major muscle to the lumbar spine, inguinal ligament and anterior thigh?

Back 52

The psoas major muscle arises from the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae, passes under the inguinal ligament where it joins with the iliacus to insert on the lesser trochanter of the femur as the iliopsoas tendon.

Front 53

what sphincter controls unirineary flow

Back 53

Urinary flow is controlled voluntarily by the striated urethrovaginal sphincter muscle. This action is assisted by the pubococcygeus portion (levator prostate in the male) of the levator ani.