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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The science of ____ explains the origin of life, the persistence of life, and studies the changes in living things. |
biology |
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Living organisms must gather energy and materials from their surroundings to ____. |
produce offspring , build new biochemicals, grow, maintain and repair their parts |
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The lowest level of biological organization that can survive and reproduce is the ____. |
cell |
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Emergent properties are |
characteristics that depend on the level of organization of matter but do not exist at lower levels of organization.
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A group of organisms of the same species that live together in the same place make up a(n) ____. |
population |
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All the populations of different organisms that live in the same place form a(n) ____. |
community |
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The highest level of the hierarchy of life is the ____. |
biosphere |
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A(n) ____ includes the community and the nonliving environmental factors with which it interacts. |
ecosystem |
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The most fundamental and important molecule that distinguishes living systems from nonliving matter is ____. |
DNA |
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____ is a large, double stranded, helical molecule that contains instructions for assembling a living organism from simpler molecules. |
DNA |
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Metabolism describes the ability of a cell or organism to: |
extract energy from its surroundings, maintain itself, grow, reproduce
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Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are examples of ____. |
metabolism |
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Maintaining your body's internal temperature within narrow tolerable range is one example of: |
homeostasis |
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The process by which parents produce offspring is called: |
reproduction |
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Populations of all organisms change from one generation to the next because their DNA changes over time. This is known as: |
biological evolution.
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In the mid-nineteenth century Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace observed many organisms. Based on these observations they arrived to an explanation on how populations change through time. They termed it: |
natural selection |
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The scientific name of an organism is composed of two names. The first part identifies the ____ while the second part designates the ____. |
genus; species
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Scientific names |
are always written in italics with only the genus capitalized.
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Which of the following scientific names is written in the correct format? |
Canis latrans |
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The group that is the most inclusive and has been recently been added to the classification scheme is the ____. |
domain |
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Which of the following pairs would be classified as prokaryotes? |
Bacteria and Archaea
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A cell that is observed under the microscope is found to have its DNA enclosed in a nucleus, and has other specialized internal compartments. The cell is a(n) ____. |
eukaryote
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Shitake mushrooms are decomposers that break down biological molecules from dead organisms. These organisms belong to the ____ kingdom. |
fungi |
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Cats, dogs, and fish are consumers that have the ability to move actively from one place to another. These organisms belong to the ____ kingdom. |
Animalia |
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The observations you make and experimental data you collect in your biology laboratory class are examples of: |
biological research.
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An approach in which scientists make observations about the natural world, develop tentative explanations about what they observe, and then test those explanations by collecting more information is referred to as ____. |
the scientific method
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You are studying an ecosystem in your campus; after a solid base of carefully observed and described facts, your next step would be to: |
make a hypothesis.
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A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical or physical techniques is a(n) ____. |
element
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Four elements make up more than 96% of the mass of most living organisms. Which of the following is NOT one of those four elements? |
sodium |
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A trace element is one found in specific organisms in ____ quantities and is ____ for normal biological functions. |
small; vital
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The smallest unit that retains the chemical and physical properties of an element is a(n) ____. |
atom |
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The substance H2O is considered to be |
both a molecule and a compound.
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The substance O2 is considered to be |
a molecule but not a compound.
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An oxygen atom has ____ surrounding a nucleus composed of ____. |
electrons; protons and neutrons
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Use the figure above for the following question(s). |
15 |
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Use the figure above for the following question(s). |
7 |
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Use the figure above for the following question(s). |
7 |
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Use the figure above for the following question(s). |
8 |
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Which of the following are charged particles? |
electrons and protons
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What is the atomic mass number of an atom with 7 electrons, 7 neutrons, and 7 protons? |
14 daltons
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Isotopes of the same element differ from each other in the number of |
neutrons only |
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A carbon atom with six protons, seven neutrons, and six electrons has a mass number of |
13 |
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14C is heavier than 12C because it has ______. |
two more neutrons than 12C |
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The isotope 14C undergoes radioactive decay with a neutron splitting into an electron and a proton. This decay produces an atom of |
nitrogen.
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Sodium has one valence electron in its third energy level. To reach a stable energy configuration, sodium will tend to |
give up an electron to another atom.
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Which of the following is likely to be chemically unreactive? |
argon (8 valence electrons)
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Which of the following is most likely to take up an electron from another atom? |
chlorine (7 valence electrons)
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The chemical bonds that form when atoms that have lost electrons are electrically attracted to atoms that have gained electrons are called ____. |
ionic bonds
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The chemical bonds that are formed when atoms share electrons equally are called ____. |
nonpolar covalent bonds
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The chemical bonds that are formed when atoms share electrons unequally are called ____. |
polar covalent bonds
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Chemical bonds that are formed when one atom with a partial positive charge (created from unequal sharing of electrons) is electrically attracted to another atom with a partial negative charge (also created from unequal sharing of electrons) are called ____. |
hydrogen bonds
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The attraction between Na+ cations and Cl- anions forms ____ that hold together the compound NaCl. |
ionic bonds
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The molecule shown in the figure above is held together by ____. |
polar covalent bonds
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Metallic ions such as Ca2+, Na+, and Fe3+ readily form ____. |
ionic bonds
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The dotted line in the figure above indicates ____. |
a Hyrdogen Bond |
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A mixture of vegetable oil and water will separate into layers because oil is ____ and forms ____. |
hydrophobic; nonpolar associations
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Analyze this chemical reaction: |
Molecular carbon is a reactant.
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A ____ is formed when a ____ is dissolved in a ____.
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solution; solute; solvent
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When sugar dissolves in water, water is acting as a ____ and the sugar molecules are acting as ____. |
solvent; solutes
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The water strider shown in the figure above is able to stand on water because of the ____ of water. |
surface tension
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When added to water, a base will act as a ____ and cause the pH of the solution to ____. |
proton acceptor; rise
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For pure water, which has a pH of 7.0, which of the following is true? |
[H+] = [OH-] |
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In water, NaOH almost completely separates into Na+ and OH- ions. Thus, NaOH is _____. |
a strong base
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Without ____, living organisms would often experience major changes in pH in their cells. |
buffers |
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Most pH buffers are |
weak acids or weak bases.
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The water lattice illustrated in the figure above forms as a result of ____ between water molecules. |
hydrogen bonds
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