Aas311 Midterm

Front 1

Transnational Identity

Back 1

Alain Locke "The New Negro"
Notes the previous perception of african americans
There are ways to help flourish:
1. Acting as the advanced guard of african people
2. Rehabilitate the races esteem from previous conditions
Constructive participation to increase the prestige not only nationally but internationally too

Front 2

The New Negro

Back 2

A. Phillip Randolph and Owen Chandler's "The New Negro - What is he?"
Most accurate tests of what a man is:
1. What his aims are
2.What his methods are
3. His general relations to current movements
What are the aims:
Politics, economics, and social stance
The new negro demands political equality
Economically, better wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions
Socially, the new negro stands for absolute and unequivocal social equality

Front 3

Minstrelsy

Back 3

George S. Schuyler "The Negro Art Hokum"
Paintings and sculptures of aframericans is identical to whites. This shows shared evidence of Europoean influence
Whites and blacks talk, think, and act the same, but blacks still fall under the negative stereotypes established by the Minstrel Show.
"The mention of the word "Negro" conjures up in the average white American's mind a composite stereotype of Bert Williams, Aunt Jemima, Uncle Tom, Jack Johnson, Florian, Slappey..." Schuyer claims that the average Aframerican no more resembles this stereotype than the average American resmebles a composite of Andy Gump, Jim Jeffries, and a cartoon by Rube Goldberg.
African American culture and history have been shaped by racist ideologies

Front 4

Propaganda

Back 4

W.E.B. DuBois "Criteria of Negro Art"
The work of blackmen is not inferior to the whitemen
Whites have an unfair advantage to education and publication publishing
DuBois gladly claims that all artwork is a form of proganda for African Americans. "...whatever art I have for writing has been used always for propaganda for gaining the right of black folk to love ad enjoy. I do not care a damn for any art that is not used for propaganda." He believes that negro art as propaganda can show everyone the prestige that black artists deserve.

Front 5

Periodization

Back 5

Angelina Weld Grimke "Rachel"
The rise of women writers during this time.
This is interesting because women did not have great reputations in art and writing so this play helped.
Story-wise: This play shows how a woman would think about motherhood during the early 1900's. Heavy racism and lynchings were a common aspect of society that could not always be avoided. Rachel does a great job at entering this particular time period and showing the readers what it was truely like in the 19-teens and 1920's

Front 6

Race Riots

Back 6

Claude McKay "If We Must Die"
McKay's poem reiterates the hate and bloodshed of the Red Summer. He speaks of the African American strength and independence. "If we must die, let it not be like hogs". He touches on the aspect of African Americans being slaughtered like animals during these riots and they must stay strong and fight for their equality. "Though far outnumbered let us show us brave"

Front 7

Folk Culture

Back 7

Mark A. Sanders "African American Folk Roots and Harlem Renaissance Poetry"
The negro culture was seen very negatively by American society. Sanders says African American were portrayed as loyal slaves or animals. Negro Artists restructured folk culture as a rich artistic source and offered it as an essential element of American democratic identity. Material objects included quilts, jeweltry, toyrs, musical instruments, and such. While culural practices and linguitstic forms included work songs, seculars, field hollers, shouts, spirituals, blues, tall tales, aphorisms, dance songs, childrens' rhymes, toasts, sermons, gospel music, jazz, blue, and so on.

Front 8

The Great Migration

Back 8

John F. Matheus "Cruiter"
Sonny is seen as heroic figure but always on the werge of conflict with whites in the south.
Sonny feels he must escape from this environment.
A recruiter shows up to recruit black men to work in a munitions factory.
It is a question of patriotism and nationalism.
Sonny desire for better working conditions as well as a better living environment tie directly to the great migration.

Front 9

Skin Ideology

Back 9

Claude McKay "Mattie and Her Sweetman"
McKay shows that African Americans relate to each other by the color of one's skin. Granted all of the characters in this story are black, but they have different titles such as chocolate, cocoa, chesnut, ginger, yellow, cream, and such. Mattie had a baby with a white man from SC and she was not a proud mother of her 'yellow pickaninny' so she killed it. McKay also breaks down the idea of a black person calling another black person black; instead there are substitutions for what is acceptable.

Front 10

Double Consciousness

Back 10

W.E.B. DuBois "Souls of Black Folk
DuBois discusses that the issue with cultural hybridity/double consciousness is the color line. DuBois said the problem with the 20th century was that of the the color line, which included the idea of double consciousness saying that under American nationalist ideology, African Americans are compelled to inhabit two mutually contradictory identities:
-African heritage
-and American by use of national identity which excludes ethnic difference.

Front 11

Personification

Back 11

Claude McKays "Africa"
The continent is personified as a woman. This woman is described as pregnant
This relates to the colonization of Africa and the abuse experienced by European settlers

Front 12

Pan Africanism

Back 12

The Black Star Line was a shipping line incorporated by Marcus Garvey, organizer of the UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association). The shipping line was supposed to facilitiate the transportation of goods and eventually African Americans throughout the African global economy. It derived its name from the White Star Line, a line whose success Garvey felt he could duplicate, which would become a standard of his Back-to-Africa movement.
International uniting together of all African Americans from around the world. (transnational- beyond African American, beyond ones citizenship. It is a sociopolitical world view, philosophy, and movement which seeks to unify native Africans and those of African heritage into a "global African community".

Front 13

Talented Tenth

Back 13

W.E.B DuBois "The Striver"
W.E.B. DuBois wrote an essay on it as being produced by and for the talented 10 % of African Americans. It is defined as one in ten black men becoming leaders of their race in the world, through methods such as continuing their education, writing books, or becoming directly involved in social change.
-He strongly believed that blacks needed a classical education to be able to reach their potential, rather than the industrial education promoted by such people as Booker T. Washington and some white philanthropists.
-4 main principles: 1)about us. 2) by us. 3)for us. 4)near us.