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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Monuments vs. Monumentality |
- Monument:Structure, Form, Physical Thing - Monumentality:The idea, memory, or concept, meaning |
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What can we tell about the Indus Valley Civilization by looking at their city plans? City Plans of Mohenjo-Daro |
What makes something a civilization? - Written text - Must have a writing systemGovernment - Some sort of advanced social hierarchy - Evidence of trade What can we tell looking at this city? - Planned based on the grid system - Doesn’t happen organically/naturally - This means someone has to be in charge - There’s a main street, side streets, and entrances are on side streets. - Good for safety - TrafficCovered drainage system - Focused on detailsReduced illness - Very advanced |
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What are two different ways to interpret the bull seals? Seals: Bulls “Proto-Shiva” figure |
- Carved out of hard stone called Steatite - Had handles on the back - Used as a stamp - Carved into them; then stamped into wet clay and would leave an impression called a sealing - Assume that it is a mark of ownership - Usually had an animal on it - What would you call this type of writing?Pictograms, pictographs, hieroglyphics - Most common animals were the Bull/Cow - Carved with a lot of detail and very naturalistically - Scholars think that1. Religious theory: considered sacred animals in Hinduism 2. Social status: maybe they showed how you stood socially; strong animals that were important to society; a form of society - A number of the seals have this goat/horse looking figure - Only has one horn; unicornJust the perspective - Standing in front of a feeder - Or it is an alter; about to be sacrificed - Secular vs. religious theories3 headed cow/bullsuggests movement or motion? - Unfinished or the other bodies are behind them |
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Why is the figural seal called the “Proto-Shiva” seal? Seals: Bulls “Proto-Shiva” figure |
- A sealing that survived Most famous one Called The Proto-Shiva (Siva) Seal (early Hindu god of creation and destruction) - A Transliteration Known as the master Yogi (of meditation) lord of animals In Hinduism every God has a mount or vehicle His is the Bull Abstract form phallic symbol - Surrounded by animals Central figure Bull face/mask Horns Meditative position Lotus position - On a throne Has two profiles - Wearing jewelry or stripes or heavily ornamented shirt - Not wearing pants - Has an erect penis - Could’ve been a leader based on his crown |
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Terracotta Figurines |
How do these compare to what we just saw? - Completely different - Differently made - Previous were subtractive, these were additive - Have similarities between them - Emphasizing the body form, specifically the breasts and hips - Through placement of jewelry - Fertility idols - Maybe they’re toys, made for children by children? |
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“Priest-King” Stone Sculpture |
- Name people give it, maybe not what they called it - Has a beard - Head ornament and arm band that suggests status through jewelry - One shoulder robe - Dressed nicelyPraying look - Dignified look on faceMeditative look - Assuming it is a portrait - Assuming it has religious figure meaning - We don’t know that - Could’ve been a rich guy that had his portrait made - Represented in a stylized manner - Designed to look good not how it looks in nature - Beard with straight lines - Forehead small - Heads big - Ear looks circular - Echos the design in the robe - Changed to play with lines and circles |
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In general, what are the two different approaches scholars have taken to interpreting the Indus Valley material? (What are the two different assumptions they bring with them, and how does those assumptions impact the conclusions they draw about the material?) |
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4 Noble Truths |
Truth 1: Life is suffering: everything leads to suffering. Truth 2: Desire causes suffering: only suffering because of what you desire Truth 3: To stop suffering, stop desiring. Truth 4: Follow Eightfold Path: about moderation and self control. Controlling your own actions and thoughts. How does this compare to what came before? More equal in the fact that anyone can do this |
