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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Electrophillic addition |
A positively charged species attracted to negative |
ELECTRO-LOVE |
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Why kekule was wrong |
X-Ray showed regular bond length. Hydrogenation of benzene had a lesser enthalpy change than he proposed Less reactive than the suggested structure |
3 Reasons |
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Pi bond (in Benzene) |
Extra electrons from the carbon in benzene that were in p orbitals all form an electron cloud above and below the ring |
P orbital |
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Substitution reactions |
Reactions where one functional group in a chemical compound is replaced with another. Benzene undergoes these. |
Substitution |
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This makes phenol more reactive than benzene |
The lone pair of electrons in the p orbital of oxygen join the electron cloud in benzene meaning it has a higher electron density |
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Benzene |
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Nitration of benzene mechanism |
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Conditions of the nitration of benzene |
Conc. Nitric acid (HNO_3) Conc. Sulphuric acid (H_2 SO_4) Not exceeding 50 celsius. |
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Sodium Hydroxide + Phenol |
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Distillation of a primary alcohol forms |
Aldehyde |
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Which alcohol is this |
Primary |
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Which type of alcohol is this |
Secondary |
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Secondary alcohol reacted with acidified potassium dichromate |
Ketone |
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NaBH4 |
Sodium borohydride |
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Carboxylic acid + Metal (Ethanoic Acid + Sodium) |
Salt and hydrogen (Sodium Ethanoate + Hydrogen) |
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Carboxylic Acid + Base (Propanoic Acid + Potassium Hydroxide) |
Salt and Water (Potassium Propanoate + Water) |
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Brady's reagent |
2,4-dinitrophenylhidrazine Methanol Sulphuric Acid |
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Brady's reagent + ketone/aldehyde |
Yellow orange precipitate formed |
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How to make Tollens' reagent |
Aqueous Sodium Hydroxide + Aqueous Silver Nitrate until a brown precipitate is formed. Add dilute aqueous ammonia. Colourless. |
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Tollens' Reagent + Aldehyde |
Silver mirror formed. |
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Tollens' Reagent + Ketone |
Nothing |
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