Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
369 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
enthrocentrism
|
the view that the beliefs and values of one's culture are superiour to those of other cultures
|
|
|
cultural ignorance
|
lack of awereness of the differences between cultural groups
|
|
|
stereotyping
|
assumption that all members of a group act alike
|
|
|
bias & prejudice
|
strongly held negative opinion about a group of people
|
|
|
discrimination
|
treating others differently based on race, etc
|
|
|
cultural competence
|
use of effective and sensitive care based on undersanding of the culture of others
|
|
|
culture
|
a collection of learned, adaptive, & transmitted social values & beliefs that form the context from which a group interprets the human experience
|
|
|
Primary prevention
|
(To prevent worsening) First contact in a given episode of illness that leads to a decision regarding a course of action to prevent worsening of the health problem.
|
|
|
Secondary prevention
|
Focusing on early diagnosis; stop developing complications and progress of disease. Directed at dx and intervention
|
|
|
Teritary prevention
|
minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability; preventing complications & deterioration. Defect or Disability peermanet & irreversible
|
|
|
Utilization
|
Ethic that proposes that the value of something is dertermined by its usefulness. Greatest Good for the Greatest Number of people
|
|
|
Prospective payment system (PPS)
|
Predetermined rate of payment set for inpatient treatment of specific illness
|
|
|
Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)
|
an insurance organization which limits which health care providers may be used
|
|
|
Diagnosis-related grouping (DRG)
|
A group of inpatient services with a set amount of reimbursement; 468
|
|
|
Capitation
|
payment mechanism; health care provider receives a fixed aount of money per enrollee
|
|
|
restorative care
|
recovering
|
|
|
code of ethics
|
sets standard or expectations for professionals to achieve
|
|
|
Values
|
personal belief about the worth of a given idea or behavior
|
|
|
ethics
|
principles or standards that govern proper conduct
|
|
|
denotology
|
theory of ethics that proposes to define actions as right or wrong based on promises, truthfulness, & justice
|
|
|
Functional Nursing
|
Task Focused
Lead Nurse assigns specific/single task |
|
|
Team Nursing
|
RN leads team; care distributed among members
|
|
|
Primary Nursing (total pt. care)
|
pt. care by RN whom provides total care;
|
|
|
preventative care
|
( To resolve health Problem) First contact in a given episode of illness that leads to a decision regarding a course of action to resolve the health problem; preventing and promoting health; more disease-oriented & focused on reducing & controlling risk factors (ex. immunization)
|
|
|
nonmaleficence
|
ethical agreement to do no harm
|
|
|
Identity involves
|
the sense of individuality and completness of a person over time & in various circumstances.
Identity implies being distinct & seperate from others |
|
|
Body Image involves
|
attitudes related to the body, including physical appearance, feminity, & masculinity, youthfulness, health, and strength.
|
|
|
Role performance is
|
the way in which a person views his or her ability to carry out significant role.
example - mother, son, daughter |
|
|
Self-esteem is
|
an individuals overall sense of self-worth or the emotional evaluation of self-concept.
It represents the overall judgment of personal worth or value. |
|
|
Self-Concept
|
How a person perceives and define self. Your view of who you are. How you think of yourself.
|
|
|
agnostic
|
individual who believes that any ultimate reality is unknown or unknowable
|
|
|
connectedness
|
having close spiriual relatonships with oneself, others & god or another spirtual being
|
|
|
faith
|
set of beliefs and a way of relating to self, others, and supreme being
|
|
|
holistic
|
pertaining to the whole; considering all factors
|
|
|
hope
|
confident, yet uncertain, expectation of achieving a future goal
|
|
|
self-transcendence
|
an awareness of that which cannot be seen or known in ordinary, physical ways
|
|
|
spirtual distress
|
state of being out of harmony with a system of beliefs
|
|
|
spirtual well being
|
individuals spirtuality that enables a person to love, have faith & hope, seek meaning in life, & nuture relationships
|
|
|
spirtuality
|
spiritual dimension of a person, including the relationship with humanity, nature, and supreme being
|
|
|
medicare
|
federally funded 65 and over
|
|
|
medicaid
|
state & fed assistance to the poor
|
|
|
Inductive
|
moving from the specific to the general
|
|
|
Deductive
|
moving from the general to the specific
|
|
|
Assessment
|
collecting and examining data
|
|
|
Diagnosis
|
Analyzing data and identifying health problems and strengths
|
|
|
Planning
|
developing the plan
|
|
|
Implementation
|
putting the plan into action
|
|
|
Evaluation
|
determining how well the plan has worked.
|
|
|
WHO definition of health
|
Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or Infirmity
|
|
|
Health Promotion
|
Positive dynamic state; behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and actualize human health potential
|
|
|
illness
|
diminshed or impaired state compared to previous health
|
|
|
illness prevention
|
activities that protect pt. from acual or potential threat
|
|
|
risk factors
|
variable making more vulnerable to illness or unhealthy
|
|
|
wellness
|
Dynamic state of health/progress toward higher level of function
|
|
|
Managed Care
|
health care systems with administrative control over the service provided
|
|
|
Medicare
|
federally funded national health insurance for all citizens 65 & over
|
|
|
Medicad
|
State & federally funded health care assistance for the poor.
|
|
|
Florence Nightgale (lady w/ lamp)
|
Developed system for collecting stats; started training school for nurses
|
|
|
Dorthea Dix
|
Champion for the mentally ill
|
|
|
Walt Whitman
|
Civil war nurse
Nursing, counselor, psychic wound dresser. |
|
|
Linda Richardson
|
Considered first American trained nurse
|
|
|
Mary Elza Mahoney
|
Black Lady
|
|
|
Clara Barton
|
American Red Cross
civil war |
|
|
Esther Lucille Brown
|
Nursing school in colleges & universities
|
|
|
Goldmark
|
Make nursing into a profession
|
|
|
lysault report
|
research; increased financial support
|
|
|
Adventist church started
|
1860's
|
|
|
Ellen White & Kellogg
|
Western Health Reform Institute; battle creek michigan
|
|
|
continuing care
|
service for a prolonged period
|
|
|
advocacy
|
objectively provides info and support
|
|
|
autonomy
|
ability to function independent; self-determination; self-reliance
|
|
|
beneficence
|
doing good or active promotion of doing good; principle of ethical theory of deonotolgy
|
|
|
Code of Ethics
|
is a set of ethical principles that all members of a profession generally accept.
|
|
|
morals
|
Personal conviction that something is absolutely right or wrong in all situations
|
|
|
fidelty
|
agreement to keep promise
|
|
|
living will
|
documents by which a person makes wishes know
|
|
|
malpractice
|
unprofessional actions that harmed another
|
|
|
slander
|
spoken defamation
|
|
|
misdameanor
|
an offense that is punishable but less than a felony
|
|
|
advance directives
|
persons wishes for care if they become ill
|
|
|
lieble
|
cause of action (writen words)
|
|
|
assualt
|
threating or carrying out threat against a person
|
|
|
battery
|
tentional touching without consent
|
|
|
incident report
|
confidential report; details incident
|
|
|
defendant
|
who the plantiff files suit on
|
|
|
criminal law
|
acts that threaten society
|
|
|
civil law
|
concerned with protecting a persons right
|
|
|
Nurse practice acts
to protect public |
state legislature have made rules on how & what situations a nurse can practice
|
|
|
informed consent
|
providing all info so pt. can make good decision
|
|
|
common law
|
judicial law not legislative
|
|
|
invason of privacy
|
intrusion into ones life without cause
|
|
|
crime
|
breaking a law
|
|
|
tort
|
injury was caused & injured party files civil action
|
|
|
defamation of character
|
accusations (dregatory statement)
|
|
|
accountability
|
answerable for ones actions
|
|
|
authority
|
acts on and accepts responsibilty
|
|
|
interdisciplinary
|
multiple departments come together to make decision
|
|
|
servant leadership
|
priority; hands on;
|
|
|
Autocratic Leadership style
|
Good w/ emergencies; dsnt believe people r self motivated
|
|
|
Democratic Leadership style
|
Groupd Discussions & Decisions; believes people are self motivated
|
|
|
Laissez Leadership style
|
"hands off" people internally motivated & self regulated
non-directive |
|
|
Charismatic Leadership style
|
Emotional Relationships (many self absorbed)
|
|
|
Transactional Leadership style
|
Focus on day to day; provides incentive & promotes loyalty
|
|
|
Transformation Leadership style
|
Fosters Risk, creativity, empowering
|
|
|
illness behavior
|
People have different attitudes and reactions to illness.
|
|
|
health is defined as
|
State of being relation to ones how values, prersonality, and lifestyle
|
|
|
health beliefs
|
persons ideas, conviction, & attitude about health and illness
|
|
|
What woulld be a genetic risk factor?
|
Birth defects; predisposition to an illness
|
|
|
What would be a physiological risk factor?
|
physical function such as pregnant, overweight, place increased stress on pysiological system.
|
|
|
What would be a age risk factor?
|
more susceptable to some disease as one gets older; risk of birth defects or complications while pregnant.
|
|
|
What would be a physical environment risk factor?
|
work; lead paints, campus flu, home - (heat/cold), unclean, overcrowded
|
|
|
What would be a lifestyle risk factor?
|
poor nutrition, insufficient sleep, poor personal hygiene; alcohol, tobacco, drugs, hobbies (sky diving etc)
|
|
|
Compliance
|
The extent to which an idividual's behavior coincides with provider
|
|
|
Justice
|
Fairness or equity
|
|
|
Nursing defined as
|
Profession concerned with the services essential to the maintenance & restoration of health by attending to the needs of sick persons
|
|
|
NPA
|
National Practice Act
|
|
|
JCAHO
|
Joint Commission on Accrediation of Health Care Organizations
|
|
|
1946
|
Walla Walla Nursing Portland
|
|
|
Ethical Dilemia
|
When the right thing to do is not clear
|
|
|
Arena
|
known by self / known by others
|
|
|
Facade
|
known by self / unknown by others
|
|
|
blindspot
|
unknown by self / known by others
|
|
|
unknown
|
unknown by self and others
|
|
|
isometric exercises
|
involve muscle tension w/ out muscle shortening
|
|
|
joint contracture
|
abnormality that may result in permanent condition of a joint (flexion & fixation)
|
|
|
negative nitrogen balance
|
body secrets more nitrogen than it takes in
|
|
|
pathological fracture
|
from weakend bone tissue
|
|
|
Disuse Syndrome is
|
Physiologic & Psycholgical dysfunctions that occur in all body organs & systems as a result of immobility; no system is immune to immobility
|
|
|
Shearing Force is (Immobility)
|
Combination of pressure and friction
|
|
|
abduction
|
movement of limb away from body
|
|
|
adduction
|
movement of limb toward body
|
|
|
body mechanics
|
musculoskeletal & nervous maintan proper balance, posture, and body alignment
|
|
|
dorsiflexion
|
flexion toward the back
|
|
|
gait
|
manner/style of walking including rhythm, cadence, and speed
|
|
|
plantar flexion
|
toe down motion of the foot at ankle
|
|
|
proprioception
|
body ability to sense it's position & movement and space
|
|
|
flexion
|
bending - less degree (angle)
|
|
|
Instrumental ADL (IADL)
|
Activities that are necessary to be independent in society apart from ADL
|
|
|
diversional activity deficient
|
pt. experiences decreased stimulation from/interst/engagement in recreational/leisure
|
|
|
diffusion
|
movement of o2 & carbon di between alveoli and the red blood cells
|
|
|
another name for pain receptor
|
nociceptor
|
|
|
A-delta fibers
|
fast; transmit sharp, localized, & distinct pain
|
|
|
C fibers
|
slow fibers; transmit visceral, chronic, diffuse pain.
|
|
|
grief
|
emotional response to loss
|
|
|
mourning
|
outward expression to the loss
|
|
|
hydrotherapy
|
involves the use of water for pain-relief and treating illness
|
|
|
aromatherapy
|
is a form of alternative medicine that uses oils & other aromatic compounds for the purpose of affecting a person's mood or health.
|
|
|
neurosensory impairment
|
unable to perceive discomfort
|
|
|
sensory deprivation
|
decrease in or lack of meaningful stimuli
|
|
|
confusion
|
pt. bewildered
|
|
|
disorientation
|
disorientated to person, time, place
|
|
|
hallucination
|
sense stimuli that doesn't exist
|
|
|
illusions
|
false interperations of stimuli
|
|
|
effleurage
|
french for skimming the surface (long strokes)
|
|
|
pertrissage
|
skin is lifted & squeezed (kneading)
|
|
|
tapotement
|
karate chop - sides of hand or top of fingers
|
|
|
percussion
|
hitting back to get fluids out of lungs
|
|
|
buccal cavity
|
consist of lips surrounding opening mouth, checks running along the side walls of the cavity, the tongue & its muscles, & hard soft palate
|
|
|
dental caries
|
destructive condition in tooth caused by complex interaction of food, especially sugars & starches
|
|
|
gingivae
|
gums of the mouth; a mucous membrane
|
|
|
oral hygiene
|
trying to maintain the tissues and structures of the mouth.
|
|
|
partial bed bath
|
body parts that might cause the pt discomfort if left unbathed (axillary, face, hands, back, peri) are washed in bed
|
|
|
binders
|
bandages made of large pieces of material to fit specific body parts
|
|
|
compress
|
soft pad of gauze or cloth used to apply heat, cold, or medicaiton to the surface of a body part.
|
|
|
drainage evacuators
|
a vaccum that is conected to tubes that uses pressure to remove fluids
|
|
|
friction
|
rubbing one object against another
effects of rubbing or the resistance that a moving body meets from the surface on which it moves |
|
|
presssure ulcer
|
inflammation, sore, or ulcer in the skin over a bony prominence.
|
|
|
primary intention
|
primary union of the edges of a wound, progressing to complete scar formation without granulation
|
|
|
secondary intention
|
wound closure in which the edges are sperated, granulation tissue develops to fill the gap, and finally epithelium grows in over the granulation, producing a larger scar than results with primary intention
|
|
|
shear
|
force exerted against the skin while the skin remains stationary and the bony structure move
|
|
|
sitz bath
|
bath in which only the hips or buttocks are immursed in fluid
|
|
|
wound culture
|
speciman collected from a wound to determine the specific organism that is causing infection
|
|
|
catherization
|
Introduction of a catheter into a body cavity or organ to inject or remove fluid
|
|
|
hematuria
|
abnormal presence of blood in the urine
|
|
|
ureterostomy
|
diversion of urine away from a diseased or defective bladder throught an artificial opening in the skin
|
|
|
urinary incontinence
|
inability to control urination
|
|
|
polyuria
|
passage of large volumes of urine
|
|
|
urinary frequency
|
urination to often, at too frequent intervals
|
|
|
colostomy
|
surgical creation of an artificial anus on the abdominal wall by incising the colon & bringing it out to the surface
|
|
|
constipation
|
condition characterized by difficulty in passing stool or an infrequent passage of hard stool
|
|
|
diarrhea
|
increase inn the number of stools and passage of liquid unformed feces
|
|
|
fecal incontinence
|
inability to control passage of feces and gas from anus
|
|
|
flatus
|
Intestinal gas
|
|
|
flatulence
|
the presence of an excessive amount of ai or gas in the stomach & intestinal tract, causing distension. sometimes pain
|
|
|
fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
|
measures microscopic amounts of blood in the feces
|
|
|
fecal impaction
|
collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that the patient is unable to expel
|
|
|
diffusion
|
In lungs; o2 & carbon dioxide get exchanged
movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to area of lower concentration |
|
|
incentive spirometry
|
device so patient can visual the inspiratory volume they achieve by deep breathing
|
|
|
nasal cannula
|
oxygen delivered by two small tubes inserted in the nose
|
|
|
oxygen hood
|
a device places over the head of a patient to deliver high concentrations of oxygen
|
|
|
oxygen mask
|
fits snugly over mouth and nose delivers oxygen
|
|
|
carbon dioxide is transporated
|
back to lungs and is excreted
|
|
|
cardiopulmonary
|
cardiac output & conduction system important to oxygenation
|
|
|
tidal volume (TV)
|
the amount of air we breath in & out during a normal breath (approx. 500ml)
|
|
|
inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
|
the amount we can breath in over and above tidayl volume, about 3000ml
|
|
|
expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
|
the amount we can breathe out beyond normal exhalation about 1100ml
|
|
|
residual volume (RV)
|
the amount of air that is left in the lung even after we try our best to get everything out (about 1200ml)
|
|
|
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
|
tidal volume + IRV
|
|
|
vital capacity (VC)
|
TV + ERV; this is the maxium amount of air that can be expelled from the lungs after first taking in as much air as u can
|
|
|
total lung capacity
|
vc + rv; the total volume that the lung can contain after a maxium inspiration
|
|
|
functional residual capacity (FRC)
|
ERV+RV; the amount left in the lungs after normal expiration. this about 2300ml
|
|
|
pursed lip breathing
|
deep breath in, pursed lips & slow out. to prevent alveolar collapse.
|
|
|
cascade cough
|
slow deep breath & holds for 2 seconds while contracting expiratory muscles. then pt. opens mouth & perfoms series of coughs throughout exhlation. Promotes airway clerance
|
|
|
huff cough
|
stimulates natural cough reflex. pt says word huff while exhaling. for clearing centra airways
|
|
|
quad cough
|
pt without abdominal muscle control. breaths out with maximal effort, push inward & upward on abdomen causing cough. spinal cord injuries
|
|
|
abosorption
|
passage of drug molecules into the blood
|
|
|
dietary reference intakes (DRI)
|
info on vitamin & mineral; range of min to max that avert dificiency or toxicity
|
|
|
digestion
|
breakdown of nutrients
|
|
|
Medical asepsis
|
Procedures used to reduce the number of microorganism & prevent their spread
|
|
|
Microorganisms
|
microscopic entities, such as bacteria, viruses, & fungi, capable of carrying on the living process
|
|
|
reservoir
|
a place where microorganisms survive, multiply, and await transfer to susceptible host
|
|
|
standard precautions
|
guidelines recommended by CDC to reduce risk of transmission of blood-borne and other pathogens in hospitals
|
|
|
sterilization
|
technique for destroying microorganism using, heat, chemicals, gases;
|
|
|
surgical asepsis
|
procedure used to eliminate any microorganisms from an area
|
|
|
aseptic technique
|
Any health Care procedure in which added precautions are used to prevent contamination of a person, object, or area by microorganisms
|
|
|
immunity
|
the quality of being unsusceptible to or unaffected by a particular disease or condition
|
|
|
inflammation
|
protective response of body tissue to irritation or injury
|
|
|
abd
|
abdomen
|
|
|
ac
|
before meals
|
|
|
ADL
|
Activities of daily living
|
|
|
ad lib
|
as desired
|
|
|
AM
|
morning
|
|
|
amb
|
ambulatory
|
|
|
amt
|
amount
|
|
|
bid
|
twice daily
|
|
|
BM
|
bowel movement
|
|
|
BP
|
Blood pressure
|
|
|
BR
|
bed rest
|
|
|
BRP
|
bathroom privileges
|
|
|
c
|
with
|
|
|
C
|
celsius
|
|
|
c/o
|
complaint off
|
|
|
DAT
|
diet as tolerated
|
|
|
dc
|
discontinue
|
|
|
drsg
|
dressing
|
|
|
Dx
|
diagnosis
|
|
|
ECG (EKG)
|
electrocardiogram
|
|
|
F
|
Fahrenheit
|
|
|
FBS
|
fastin blood sugar
|
|
|
GI
|
gastrointestinal
|
|
|
gtt
|
drops
|
|
|
H20
|
water
|
|
|
Hx
|
history
|
|
|
IV
|
intravenous
|
|
|
Lab
|
laboratory
|
|
|
LMP
|
last menstrual period
|
|
|
mL
|
milliliter
|
|
|
mod
|
moderate
|
|
|
NKA
|
no know allergies
|
|
|
NKDA
|
no know drug allergies
|
|
|
NPO
|
nothing by mouth
|
|
|
O2
|
oxygen
|
|
|
OOB
|
out of bed
|
|
|
os
|
mouth
|
|
|
oz
|
ounce
|
|
|
pc
|
after meals
|
|
|
per
|
by or through
|
|
|
PM
|
afternoon
|
|
|
po
|
by mouth
|
|
|
postop
|
postoperative
|
|
|
preop
|
preoperative
|
|
|
prep
|
preparation
|
|
|
prn
|
when necessary
|
|
|
pt
|
patient
|
|
|
q
|
every
|
|
|
qid
|
four times a day
|
|
|
S
|
without
|
|
|
stat
|
at once, immediately
|
|
|
tid
|
three times a day
|
|
|
TPR
|
temperature, pulse, respirations
|
|
|
VO
|
verbal order
|
|
|
VS (vs)
|
vital signs
|
|
|
WNL
|
within normal limits
|
|
|
wt
|
weight
|
|
|
I & O
|
Intake & Output
|
|
|
source record documentation
|
pt chart is organized so that each discipline has a sperate section in which to record the date.
|
|
|
Problem-oriented medical record
|
structured documentation that emphasizes and arranged by pt. problems
|
|
|
database
|
contains assesment info
|
|
|
problem list
|
priority is established and listed in chronological order. after resolved draw line through
|
|
|
care plan
|
develop care plan for each problem listed
|
|
|
progress notes
|
to monitor and record prgress
|
|
|
focus charting
|
focuses less on pt problems; instead focuses on pt conerns; each entry includes data, actions, and pt. responses
|
|
|
narrative recording
|
uses storylike format to document info specific to pt. conditions and nursing care
|
|
|
contraction
|
wound starts to close; reduction in size
|
|
|
epitheliazation
|
new epithelia buds
|
|
|
braden scale is
|
a tool used for pressure ulcer prevention & treatment;
|
|
|
Define referent in the communication process
|
motivates one person to communicate with another
|
|
|
define sender in the communication process
|
the person who delivers the message
|
|
|
define message in the communication process
|
content of the conversation
|
|
|
define channel in the communication process
|
means of conveying and receiving the message through visual, auditory, & tactile senses
|
|
|
define receiver in the communication process
|
where the message is sent
|
|
|
define envoronment in the communication process
|
the physical & emotional climate in which the ineraction takes place
|
|
|
define feedback in the communication process
|
the message the receiver sends to the orgianl sender.
|
|
|
anteimbolism stockings
|
promotes venous return by compression of small veins & capillaries of the lower extremitites
|
|
|
conscious sedation
|
admin CNS depressant drug or analgesics. to relax pt
|
|
|
general anesthesia
|
intravenous or inhale medications that cause the patients to lose all sensation & consciousness
|
|
|
NG tube
|
passed through nose into stomach; emptying stomach or providing meds or feeding
|
|
|
operating bed
|
table for surgery
|
|
|
operating room
|
where surgical procedures are done
|
|
|
outpatient
|
pt. not admitted but receives treatment in hosp or facility associated with hosp.
|
|
|
perioperative nursing
|
role of the operating room nurse during preop, intraop, postop phases of surgery
|
|
|
postanesthesia care unit PACU
|
area adjoining the OR to which surgical pt. are taken while still under anesthesia
|
|
|
preoperative teaching
|
instruction regarding pt. surgery & recovery.
|
|
|
presurgical care unit PSCU
|
area outside the OR where preoperative preparations are completed
|
|
|
pulmonary hygiene
|
more freq. turning, deep breathing, coughing, use of incentive spirometry, & chest physical therapy if ordered
|
|
|
recovery
|
a period of time immediately postop when the pt is closely observed for effects of anesthesia, changes in vital signs, & bleeding.
the area is usally in the postanesthesia care unit |
|
|
homeostasis
|
state of relative constancy in the internal environment of the body, maintained naturally by physiological adaptive mechanisms
|
|
|
alarm reaction
|
mibilization of the defense mechanisms of the body and mind to cope with a stressor.
First stage of general adaption syndrome |
|
|
resistance stage
|
3rd stage of the stress response, when the person attempts to adapt to the stressor. The body stabilizes, hormone levels stablize, and heart rate, BP, and cardia output return to normal
|
|
|
stress
|
physiological or psychological tension that threatens homeostasis or a person's psychological equilbrium
|
|
|
exhaustion stage
|
phase that occurs when the body no longer resist the stress; when the energy necessary to maintain adaptation is depleted
|
|
|
stressor
|
any event, situation, or other stimulus encountered in a person's external or internal environment that necessitates change or adaptation by the person.
|
|
|
advanced sleep phase syndrome
|
disturbance in sleep manifested as early waking in the morning with an inability to get back to sleep
|
|
|
biological clock
|
cyclial nature of body functions; functions controlled within the body r synchronized w/ environmental factors; same meaning as biorythm
|
|
|
circadian rhythm
|
repeition of certain physiological phenomena within a 24-hour cycle.
|
|
|
excessive daytime sleepiness
|
extreme fatigue felt during the day.
signs of this is falling asleep at inappropriate time |
|
|
hypnotics
|
class of drug that causes insensibility to pain & induces sleep.
|
|
|
insomia
|
condition characterized by chronic inability to sleep or remain asleep through the night
|
|
|
narcolepsy
|
syndrome invoving sudden sleep attacks that a person cannont inhibit; uncontrollable desire to sleep may occur several times a day
|
|
|
nocturia
|
urination at night;
|
|
|
NREM
|
sleep that occurs durig the first four stages of normal sleep.
|
|
|
REM
|
stage of sleep in which dreaming & rapid eye movement are prominent; important for mental restoration
|
|
|
sedatives
|
meds that produce a calming effect by decreasing functional activity, diminshing irritability, & allaying ecitement
|
|
|
sleep
|
reduced consciousness, diminshed activity of the skeletal muscles, & depressed metabolism
|
|
|
sleep apnea
|
not breathing briefly for a time during sleep.
|
|
|
sleep deprivation
|
condition resulting from a decrease in the amount, quality, & consistency of sleep
|
|
|
maturational loss is
|
loss, usually of an aspect of self, resulting from the normal changes of growth & developement.
any change in the developmental process that is normally expected during a lifetime. part of life normal transitions (child going off to school) |
|
|
situational loss is
|
loss of a person, thing, or quality resulting from a change in a life situation, including changes related to illness, body image, environment, & death
any sudden, unpredictable, external event. (accidents; often includes multiple loss) |
|
|
bereavement is
|
A response to loss through death; subjective experiences that a person suffers after losing a person.
includes grief and mourning- inner feelings & outward reactions of a survivor |
|
|
anticipatory grief
|
grief response in which the person begins the grieving process before an actual loss.
the process of letting go that occurs before an actual loss or death has occured |
|
|
acute pain
|
Pain that comes on quickly, can be severe, but lasts a relatively short time.
appears restless, pain usually related to tissue injury & will abate healing |
|
|
localized pain
|
localized pain
|
|
|
pain
|
subjective, unpleasant sensation caused by noxious stimulation of sensory nerve endings
|
|
|
perception
|
person's mental image or concept of elements in their environment, including information gained through the senses
|
|
|
chronic pain
|
pain that persists longer than the temporal course of natural healing, associated with a particular type of injury or disease process
|
|
|
placebo
|
dosage form that contains no pharmacologically active ingredients but may relieve pain through psyhological effects
|
|
|
radiating pain
|
Radiating means spreading outward. Radiating pain is pain that starts in one area and spreads until a larger area hurts.
|
|
|
referred pain
|
(sometimes referred to as reflective pain[1]) is a term used to describe the phenomenon of pain perceived at a site adjacent to or at a distance from the site of an injury's origin
believing pain is somewhere its not |
|
|
remission
|
partial or complete disappearances of the clinical & subjective characteristics of chronic or malignant disease
|
|
|
threshold
|
point at which a person first perceives a painful stimulus as being painful
|
|
|
tolerance
|
point at which a person is not willing to accept pain of greater severity or duration
|
|
|
accommodation
|
responding to something through new thinking and or activity
|
|
|
age-related macular degeneration
|
disorder where the macula of the retina degenerates as a result of aging.
|
|
|
auditory
|
related to hearing
|
|
|
cataracts
|
abnormal progressive condition of the lens of eye; loss of transparency
|
|
|
diabetic retinopathy
|
a disorder of retinal blood vessels. patho changes 2ndary to increase pressure in blood vessels of the retina. decreased vision or vision loss due to hemorrhage & macular edema
|
|
|
menier's disease
|
a chronic disease of the inner ear characterized by recurrent episodes of vertigo, progressive sensorineural hearing loss
|
|
|
otoxic
|
having a harmful effect on the eighth cranial (auditory) nerve or the organs of hearing & balance
|
|
|
presbycusis
|
hearing loss associated with age
|
|
|
presbyopia
|
gradual decline of lens of eye to focus on close objects
|
|
|
refractive errors
|
defect in the ability of the lens of the eye to focus light; as in nearsightedness & farsightedness
|
|
|
sensory deficits
|
defects in the function of one or more of the senses
|
|
|
sensory deprivation
|
state in which stimulation to one or mre of the senses is lacking, resulting in impaired sensory perception
|
|
|
sensory overload
|
state in which stimulation to oner or more of the senses is so excessive that the brain disregards or doesn't meaningully respond to stimuli
|
|
|
tactile
|
sense of touch
|
|
|
tinnitus
|
ringing heard in one or both ears
|
|
|
visual
|
related to or experiencing through vision
|
|
|
proprioception
|
body's ability to sense it's position & movement
|
|
|
Heat Loss Radiation is
|
Transfer of heat between two objects w/ out physical contact.
|
|
|
Conduction is
|
The transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact.
|
|
|
Convection is
|
The transfer of heat away by air movement.
electric fan |
|
|
Pulse Oximeter
|
Measure Saturation levels 90-100
|
|
|
sphygomomanometer
|
measures arteial blood pressure
|
|
|
pulse deficit
|
the difference between apical pulse & radial pulse
|
|
|
malignant hyperthermia
|
syndrome affecting pt. undergoing general anesthesia, marked by
|
|
|
Cardiac Output (CO)
|
The volume of blood pumped by the heart during one minute, the product of heart rate & ventricles
|
|
|
Stroke Volume
|
amount of blood ejected by the ventricles with each contraction
|
|
|
oxygen saturation
|
the amount of o2 bound to hemoglobin in the blood
|
|
|
tachycardia
|
elevated heart rate
|
