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118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Special Characters |
& ; | * ? ' " ‘ [ ] ( ) $ < > { } # / \ ! ~ |
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List files in current directory |
ls -a all files -l long form (more information) |
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Catenate (display) files (file) |
cat filename |
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Remove a file |
rm filename -i ask to confirm |
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Pager utilities to display a file a page at a time |
less holds last page more h will display a help screen q to quit |
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Display the name of the system |
hostname |
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Copy a file |
cp source-file destination file -i asks to confirm This will overwrite the destination |
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Move or rename a file (no copy) |
mv existing-filename new-filename -i asks to confirm This will overwrite the new-filename |
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Place one of more files in a print queue |
lpr filename(s) separated by a space -P printername directs to a named printer |
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Display printer information |
lpstat -p list of printers -o jobs queued up for printing |
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Remove a print job from the queue |
lprm jobnumber |
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Searches a file for a string and display each line where the string is found |
grep 'string' filename(s) quotes are optional -w match only whole words |
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Display the first 10 lines from a file |
head filename -n display first n number of lines |
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Display the last 10 line from a file |
tail filename -n display last n number of lines -f to monitor lines as they are added to a file |
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Display a file by lines in order (does not change the file as stored) |
sort filename -u unique lines only -n sort numbers (1,2,11,12 not 1, 11,12, 2) |
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Remove duplicate lines from a file |
uniq filename |
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Compare two files and display differences |
diff filename filename -u unified output |
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Identify the contents of files without opening them |
file filename(s) |
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Send output from one process to another |
| (Pipe) sort filename | head -4 ls | wc -w displays number of files |
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Copy characters typed on the command line |
echo > redirect destination from screen to .. |
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Display the date and time |
date |
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Record all of part of a login session |
script filename (optional, by default stored in file typescript) exit terminates script session |
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Convert file to Windows or Mac OS X format |
todos filename overwrites original file -b make backup .bak unix2dos filename overwrites original file -n create new file |
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Convert a Windows or Mac OS X file into linux format |
cat filename | tr -d '\r' > filename.txt tr means translate |
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Compress a file |
bzip2 filename creates filename.bz2 -v verbose displays how much was saved -k keep original file |
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Decompress a compressed file |
bunzip2 filename -k keep original file |
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Display or catenate a compressed file |
bzcat filename |
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Create a single file from multiple files |
tar filename.tar filename(s) -c create -v verbose -f write to or read from a file -t display table of contents -x to extract files from a tar archive can overwrite files -z calls gunzip or gzip |
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Determine which version of a utility will be used |
which utilityname |
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Find files that reference a utility |
whereis utilityname |
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Find a builtin utility |
type utilityname |
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Search for a file |
slocate filename locate filename |
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Find out which terminal you are using or what time you logged in. |
who am i |
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Display a list of users who are logged in on the local system. |
who finger searchitem (optional) |
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Display a list of the users who are logged in on the local system with info need for communications. |
w |
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Send a message to another user |
write username [terminal] CONTROL-D to quit CONTROL-L or CONTROL-R to refresh the screen |
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To allow messages to your screen |
mesg y allows messages mesg n blocks messages |
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Display current directory path |
pwd |
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Change the current directory |
cd [path] (shortcut .. up one directory, ../.. up 2 directories, etc.) |
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What is a link file? A logical connection between multiple computers on a network a means to access a file by two or more names. A physical connection to an external device All of the above None of the above |
a means to access a file by two or more names. |
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BSD and System V are examples of: Microsoft Windows Releases VMS UNIX All of the above None of the above |
UNIX |
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Linux shell commands can be arranged in a file commonly called a: shell script batch file macro All of the above None of the above |
shell script |
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Linux is A software system dirived from MS Windows. An operating system originally written by engineers at IBM. A version of Unix System V. None of the above |
None of the above |
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Linux was developed by Steve Jobs Linus Torvalds the GNU Project The POSIX Committee |
Linus Torvalds |
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Linux was written in 1999 C Bell Labs All of the above None of the above |
C |
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A Linux pipeline passes the output of one program to another program as input. is also known as an alias A network connection between Linux systems and other operating systems. None of the above |
passes the output of one program to another program as input. |
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Currently, the most challenging issue in operating system design Security Communication Multitasking All of the above None of the above |
Security |
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The Linux kernel is responsible for allocating the computer's resources and scheduling user jobs is a collection of application software packages is a collection of computer hardware and software assembled into a functioning unit. All of the above |
is responsible for allocating the computer's resources and scheduling user jobs |
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What is a command line interface? a text-onlyterminal window a display with no graphics capability an interface which accepts keyboard entry only. all of the above None of the above |
all of the above |
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An operating system Manages hardware resources in a computer system Manages software resources in a computer system Deals with complex hardware resources in a computer system and provides the user a virtualimage of the machine that is much easier to deal with than the physical machine All of the above None of the above |
All of the above |
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What is a multitasking operating system? Allows quick execution of jobs in succession. Allows multiple users to access the same file. Allows each user to run more than one job at a time. All of the above |
Allows each user to run more than one job at a time. |
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Linux commands can be constructed as a pattern using special characters called: substitutes generics jokers wildcards None of the above |
wildcards |
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What is a file? the text for a report an image an executable program All of the above None of the above |
All of the above |
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The most essential thing that a beginner needs to know before operating in Linux is: How to log in and log out How to work with the API How to program in C All of the above |
How to log in and log out |
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The X Window System was developed at Microsoft Labs The IBM Watson Research Labs The MIT University of California at Berkeley None of the above |
The MIT |
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A virtual machine appears to the user, and, to the software running on it, as a complete physical machine. consists of the programs, files, hardware and software on a computer hardware system. runs programs intended for other operating systems. is all of the software system available to run on an operating system. |
appears to the user, and, to the software running on it, as a complete physical machine. |
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What is a GUI? A Graphical User Interface Is implemented in Linux by X Windows Allows a point and click style of interaction. All of the above |
All of the above |
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Which of the following is a common Linux shell?
Bourne Again Shell TC Shell Z Shell Debian Almquist Shell All of the above. |
All of the above. |
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POSIX stands for Process Service in UNIX Pubic OS for X Developers Portable Operating System Interface None of the above |
Portable Operating System Interface |
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The C Programming Language was developed by Ken Thompson Linus Torvalds Dennis Ritchie Paul Allen None of the above |
Dennis Ritchie |
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Deviceindependentinput and output in a Linux system means: that the operating system is virtual and runs on a remote server. that input and output can be redirected to any appropriate device. that the operating system kernel will run on any computer. All of the above None of the above |
that input and output can be redirected to any appropriate device. |
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What is a portable operating system? An operating system that is used in systems that need response to an input within a fixed intervalof time, such as the controller of a robot in a manufacturing plant Another name for a batch system One that runs on many different machines All of the above None of the above |
One that runs on many different machines |
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File security in Linux is provided by file access permissions antivirussoftware such as Windows Defender Linux Filesystem Hierarchy (FHS) All of the above |
file access permissions |
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Ordinarily, if you type xy on the Linux command line, what happens? You get a display of the x and y coordinates of the screen cursor You get an error message saying that no such command can be found Nothing is displayed, the shell prompt reappears The results of the xy command are displayed on screen None of the above |
You get an error message saying that no such command can be found |
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What is the purpose of the "ls" command? lists the devices currently connected to the system. loads software (ls) prior to execution. displays files, directories and other entries in a directory. lists the users currently using the system. |
displays files, directories and other entries in a directory. |
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A complete collection of Linux guides, HOWTOs, FAQs, man pages, and Linux Magazines isavailable through the The Redhat Linux website documentation in the /usr/share/doc directory. The Linux Documentation Project The GNU Linux Libraries |
The Linux Documentation Project |
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The data stored in the /etc/motd file is used: to display the Message of the Day. to configure the mail utility program. to display the last login data including the date time and location to accumulate the history of commands and activities for the login session. |
to display the Message of the Day. |
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On the Linux command line, the default line kill key is: SHIFT-X CONTROL-K CONTROL-U Escape (Esc key) |
CONTROL-U |
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Telnet is not a secure utility because: Passwords are encrypted with the simple shift algoritm Passwords are sent over the network in clear text. Usernames are encrypted using the standard offset algorithm before being transmitted over thenetwork.. All of the above |
Passwords are sent over the network in clear text. |
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A textual interface is also known as: a graphical user interface (GUI) common user interface a single user interface a pseudographical interface |
a pseudographical interface |
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Command options are specified with: asterisk followed by a search pattern. one or more letters preceded by a hyphen. a numeral between 1 and 4 enclosed in parentheses. one or more letters enclosed in brackets. |
one or more letters preceded by a hyphen. |
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What command allows you to change your password? password passwd chpasswd set passwd |
passwd |
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Linux and Unix systems have always had a privileged user called root who can read and write to almost any file on the system regardless of ownership who execute programs that modify system resources all of the above |
all of the above |
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After logging in to Linux, if the last login data was not from your previous login session, what iswrong? The system has been rebooted and your last login data was lost. An unauthorized user has logged into your account using your username and password. The sysadm has logged in to your account to do system maintenance. The last login data is not unique to you but shows the last login from any user of the system. |
An unauthorized user has logged into your account using your username and password. |
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When stopping a program with the kill signal a process has no chance to clean up its open files. it can corrupt application data it should be used only as a last resort. All of the above |
All of the above |
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How is the info utility used? to display more complete and up to date information on GNU utilities than the man command. displays the contents of the man pages for a utility. provides information about a specific user, ie: info rbass will display information about user rbass None of the above. |
to display more complete and up to date information on GNU utilities than the man command. |
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The acronym CLI means Common Line Input Command-LineInterface Common Linux Input Client Linear Input Color Linux Interface |
Command-Line Interface |
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su and sudo are utilities which allow the user to gain root privileges. issues the TERM command to stop the current process. displays a list of all users on the system. None of the above. |
allow the user to gain root privileges. |
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What command displays the contents of a file on the screen? display echo type cat |
cat |
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When you enter echo $0 and press return in response to a shell prompt, the shell displays: the user's login name such as: rbass the name of the shell you are working with the value of the echo variable None of the above |
the name of the shell you are working with |
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You can log out of a UNIX system by Pressing Turning off your computer and monitor Pressing All of the above None of the above |
None of the above |
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What is the purpose of the echo command? Displaying the contents of operating system variables and displaying text. repeating the output of a command. Displaying the contents of a file. Displaying a new text window on the screen |
Displaying the contents of operating system variables and displaying text. |
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The command to suspend the execution of a program is: ALT-X Esc (or Escape) CONTROL-H CONTROL-Z |
CONTROL-Z |
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On a Linux system being used as a server, a GUI may not be installed because it consumes a lot of system resources. most system resources are better dedicated to the server's main purpose. security considerations mandate that a server run as few tasks as possible. All of the above. None of the above. |
All of the above. |
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What does it mean to say that Linux is case sensitive? Lowercase and uppercase letters of the same type are not considered equivalent (u is not U). A command typed uppercase will not work. echo and ECHO are not the same. All of the above. |
All of the above. |
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How do you use the apropos command? to interpret user commands. to identify the variant of UNIX running on a machine. to determine who is logged on a Linux system. to search for a keyword in the short description of a command in the man pages. |
to search for a keyword in the short description of a command in the man pages. |
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Which of the following is a common method for connecting and logging in to a Linux system.
LAN connection. Internet connection. Stand-Aloneconnection All of the above Only choices 1 and 2 are correct. |
All of the above |
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The man utility is used: to display the pages in the system documentation of a command. to make utility and program calls. to manipulate files and devices. to display the users files in the working directory. |
to display the pages in the system documentation of a command. |
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A user who is not working with root privileges may not list the files in: The /mnt directory. The /lost+found directory The /usr directory All of the above. |
The /lost+found directory |
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What option puts the rm command in interactive mode requiring you to confirm the deletion? rm -i rm -r rm * rm ? |
rm -i |
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In Linux, less is more, because: The OS is smaller than Unix but more powerful. There are fewer commands but each is more powerful. The less command is similar to the more command but displays and END message. None of the above. |
The less command is similar to the more command but displays and END message. |
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The purpose of the mv configure configure.bak command is to: Rename the configure file to configure.bak. Move configure.bak to the configure directory. Copy configure to configure.bak Move configure to the bak directory. Copy all configure files to the configure.bak directory. |
Rename the configure file to configure.bak. |
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The command to display the first five lines of the sample file in the current working directory is: head sample head -5sample display -5sample cat -5sample All of the above |
head -5 sample |
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The following command can be used to copy the sample file into the example file. cp sample example copy -fsample example mv sample example All of the above None of the above |
cp sample example |
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The command to deny messages from other users of the system you are logged into is: deny -a mesg -n write -n mesg -d |
mesg -n |
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When examining the output of the command: ls F entries followed by a "/" are: directories ordinary files links executable files |
directories |
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What command will locate a utility and display the full path name to it? where locate which find None of the above. |
which |
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The command copy source destination moves files from one location to another. copies a source file to a destination file with exactly the same contents. copies an original file to a new file and then deletes the original file. copies all the files in a directory to an archive. None of the above since there is no copy command in Linux or Unix. |
None of the above since there is no copy command in Linux or Unix. |
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The command: gzip myfile produces what outcome? a compressed copy of myfile called myfile.z compresses myfile but leaves the name unchanged compresses myfile and produces myfile.gz; myfile is no longer a valid file name. compresses myfile and changes the name to myfile.tar.z None of the above |
compresses myfile and produces myfile.gz; myfile is no longer a valid file name. |
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What utility can be used to compress a tar file? gzip compress bzip2 All of the above. |
All of the above. |
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Which is the following is not another accepted name for named pipes: IPC mechanisms. links sockets FIFO pipes |
links |
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What does the command: remove all do? removes all files in the directory/ removes the file named all. deletes files beginning with the letters "all". None of the above. |
None of the above. |
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Which of the following is an example of a pipe? ls > directory ls | wc ls *tar ls ?tar |
ls | wc |
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The zcat command is used to: Display files created by zombie processes Display files whose names start with z or Z Display files compressed with the compress or gzip command is the GNU version of the cat utility. None of the above |
Display files compressed with the compress or gzip command |
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What utility packs and unpacks archives? gzip zip compress tar All of the above |
tar |
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The whereis command can be used to: Locate files containing executable codes for commands on your UNIX system Locate files containing source code for commands on your UNIX system Locate files containing manual pages for commands on your UNIX system All of the above None of the above |
All of the above |
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The command: ls -a will display: all files including hidden files. the directory in abbreviated format. all files with read access permissions. None of the above. |
all files including hidden files. |
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What command lists users on the system? who finger w All of the above |
All of the above |
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The diff file1 file2 command can be used to: Compare file1 and file2 line-by-lineand display differences between them with highlighted text. Compare file1 and file2 word-by-wordand display differences between them as a series ofcommands that can be used to convert file1 to file2, or vice versa Compares file1 and file2 line-by-lineand displays differences between them as a series ofcommands that can be used to convert file1 to file2, or vice versa All of the above None of the above |
Compares file1 and file2 line-by-line and displays differences between them as a series of commands that can be used to convert file1 to file2, or vice versa |
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What is the command to display a list of files in a directory with each file's owner and attributes? list ls -l ls ls -a dir |
ls -l |
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What does the uniq command do? Displays only one of two or more adjacent duplicate lines in a file. Displays duplicate lines. Deletes duplicate lines in a sorted file and then saves the file. None of the above. |
Displays only one of two or more adjacent duplicate lines in a file. |
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The command: cp file1 /home/rbass/file2 will do which of the following? copy file to file2 in the /home directory if rbass is the owner of both directories. copies /home/rbass/file2 to file1 copies file1 to file2 and places it in the /home/rbass directory. moves file1 to the /home/rbass directory. copies file1 to file2 then removes file1. |
copies file1 to file2 and places it in the /home/rbass directory. |
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The command to compress a file, called mysort, is: gzip mysort gzexe mysort gzip -dlmysort zip mysort None of the above |
gzip mysort |
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The command to display the last 10 lines of a file is: tail sample cat -10sample echo -tsample tail -5sample cat -tail |
tail sample |
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What command will assist you in determing the contents of a file? file ls whatis find |
file |
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The command: grep bb sample displays which of he following displays a list of all words in sample with bb embedded in them. displays all lines in sample with bb embedded in them displays only the first line with bb embedded in it. displays all of the lines in file bb with the word sample in them. displays the first line in file bb with the word sample in it. |
displays all lines in sample with bb embedded in them |
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What command displays system load and duration information? free uptime locate all of the above. |
uptime |
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While logged into a Linux system, the write utility sends a message to another user who is logged into the system. opens the email utility to compose a message. opens the write editor to create a text file. allows you to write a command sequence to the script buffer. None of the above. |
sends a message to another user who is logged into the system. |
