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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cytology
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study of cells
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histology
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study of tissues
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developmental
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study over a lifetime
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embryology
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before birth
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levels of organization
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chemical= atom-molecule-organelle
cellular= cells-tissues-organ-organ system- organism |
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life functions (7)
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maintain homeostasis
movement responsiveness digestion metabolism excretion reproduction growth |
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survival needs
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nutrients
oxygen water reg body temp gas exchange |
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metabolism
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all chemical reactions that occur in the body
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homeostatic control
variable, receptor, control center, effector |
variable is the factor being changed, receptor senses the changes. stimuli then responds by sending out information called (INPUT) to the control center. Control center then determines the set point and analyzes the input it receives and responds appropriately by sending information called (OUTPUT) to the effector. Effector gives feedback according to the output it receives... Neg or Pos.
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Negative Feedback
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output shuts off or reduces stimuli RETURNING balance (it's goal is to prevent sudden changes)
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Positive Feedback
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it moves in the same direction as the stimuli ENHANCING the changes. example- labor or blod clotting
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Superior (cranial)
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towards the head; above
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Inferior (caudal)
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away fro the head; below
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ventral (anterior)
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toward the front of body; in front of
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dorsal (posterior)
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toward the back of the body; behind
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medial
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toward the midline; inner side of
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lateral
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away from midline; outter side of
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Positive Feedback
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it moves in the same direction as the stimuli ENHANCING the changes. example- labor or blod clotting
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Superior (cranial)
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towards the head; above
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intermediate
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between a more medial and lateral structure... the collar bone is intermediate between the breast bone and shoulder
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Inferior (caudal)
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away fro the head; below
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proximal
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closer to trunk
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ventral (anterior)
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toward the front of body; in front of
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dorsal (posterior)
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toward the back of the body; behind
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distal
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away from trunk
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medial
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toward the midline; inner side of
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lateral
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away from midline; outter side of
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intermediate
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between a more medial and lateral structure... the collar bone is intermediate between the breast bone and shoulder
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proximal
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closer to trunk
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distal
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away from trunk
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superficial (external)
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toward the surface
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deep (internal)
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away from surface
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axial
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head, neck, trunk
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appendicular
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extremities, appendages, limbs
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sagittal plane
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vertical plane that divides body from left to right
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midsagittal (median) plane
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sagittal cut down the midline
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parasagittal plane
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vertical cut with unequal parts
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frontal (coronal) plane
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cuts anterior to posterior
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transverse (horizontal) plane
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cross section cut horizontally
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oblique sections
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cuts diagonally
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dorsal body cavity
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protects nervous system
houses cranial cavity and vertebral/spinal cavity |
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cranial cavity
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skull encases brain
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vertebral/spinal cavity
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spine encloses spinal cord
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Ventral body cavity
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houses internal organs & viscera
Thoracic, pleura, mediastinum, pericardial... abdominopelvic, abdominal |
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thoracic cavity
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surrounded by ribs and muscles in chest contains pluera cavity (encases lungs) mediastinum & pericardial cavity (encases heart and remaining thoracic organs... esophogus, trachea... ect)
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abdominopelvic cavity
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in thoracic... houses diagphragm (most important for breathing)
stomach intestines spleen liveer and other sm organs in region. |
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pelvic cavity
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houses bladder, rep org. and rectum
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Membranes in the ventral body cavity
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serous membrane :thin double layered
Parietal serosa: lines cavity walls Visceral serosa: lines organs |
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Function of serous fluid
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fills spaces allowing organs to slide around without causing friction or tearing... MOVEMENT
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