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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a joint?
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Point of contact between two bones, a bone and cartilage, or between bone and teeth.
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Give two synonyms for joint.
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Articulation, arthrosis
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What are the two ways in which joints are classified?
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1) Structurally (based on anatomical characteristics)
2) Functionally (based on the type of movement they permit) |
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What are the two criteria upon which joints are divided structurally?
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1) The presence or absence of a space between the articulating bones, called a synovial cavity
2) The type of connective tissue that binds the bones together |
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When classified structurally, what are the three types of joints?
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1) Synovial joints
2) Fibrous joints 3) Cartilaginous joints |
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What characterizes a fibrous joint?
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Lack of synovial cavity, bones held together by dense irregular connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibers
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What characterizes a cartilaginous joint?
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Lack of synovial cavity, bones held together by cartilage
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What characterizes a synovial joint?
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Presence of a synovial cavity, bones held together by articular capsule and accessory ligaments.
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When classified functionally, what are the three types of joints?
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1) Synarthrosis
2) Amphiarthrosis 3) Diarthrosis |
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A joint that does not allow movement is called a...
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Synarthrosis
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A joint that allows only slight movement is called a...
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Amphiarthrosis
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A joint that allows free movement is called a...
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Diarthrosis
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All synovial joints are classified functionally as...
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Diarthroses
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What are the structural aspects of a synovial joint?
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1) Joint capsule (with both fibrous and synovial membrane)
2) Synovial cavity (containing synovial fluid) 3) Accessory ligaments and articular discs |
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What is articular cartilage?
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Layer of hyaline cartilage covering the bones at a synovial joint
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What are the articulating ends of bones at a synovial joint covered in?
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Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage)
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What is a synovial/joint capsule?
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Sleeve-like structure that surrounds a synovial joint and encloses the synovial cavity
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What are the two layers of a joint capsule?
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Outer fibrous membrane
Inner synovial membrane |
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What is the fibrous membrane of the joint capsule really?
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Literally a thickened continuation of the periosteum of the articulating bones
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What does synovial fluid consist of?
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Hyaluronic acid
Interstitial fluid |
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How does hyaluronic acid end up in the synovial fluid?
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Secreted by fibroblast-like cells of the synovial membrane of the joint capsule
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Where do the chondrocytes within articular cartilage receive their nutrients from?
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Synovial fluid
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What are the functions of synovial fluid?
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1) Reducing friction by lubricating the joint
2) Shock absorption 3) Supplying oxygen and nutrient to chondrocytes and removing carbon dioxide and waste |
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Why do chondrocytes need synovial fluid to bring their nutrients and remove their waste?
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Cartilage is avascular tissue!!! Remember this.
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What happens to synovial fluid if the joint remains immobile for a period of time?
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Becomes quite viscous
As joint movement increases, the fluid becomes less viscous, and more movement is permitted. |
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What is the benefit of warming up before exercise?
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Stimulates the production of synovial fluid
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What are the two types of accessory ligaments?
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Extracapsular ligaments (outside the articular capsule)
Intracapsular ligaments (inside the articular capsule) |