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79 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What type of cartilage is this? What is A?
Hyaline Cartilage
A is a chondrocyte in a lacunae
What kind of cartilage is found in the tip of your nose, ends of long bones, embryo/fetus, attaching ribs to sternum, and in trachea/bronchi?
Hyaline cartilage
What type of cartilage is this? What are A, B and C?
Fibrocartilage
A - thick wavy collagen fibers
B - chondrocytes
C - lacunae
Where is fibrocartilage found?
pubic symphysis, intervertebral disks, menisci/knee
What type of cartilage is this? What are A, B and C?
Elastic Cartilage
A - chondrocyte
B - elastin
C - lacunae
Where is elastic cartilage found?
ears, epiglottis, eustachian tubes
Which is stronger, spongy or compact bone?
compact
Where is compact bone found?
covering entire bone and in the diaphysis
The components of compact bone tissue are arranged into repeating units called __________.
osteons
Osteons consist of
a central canal, osteocyte/lacunae, lamellar rings, canaliculi
Spongy bone consists of lamellae called...
trabeculae
trabeculae are....
bony islands that have fused together in a lattice pattern
what are the spaces of spongy boney tissue filled with?
red blood marrow where hemopoeisis occurs and adipose connective tissue
what does hemopoeisis mean?
production of blood cells
What type of tissue is this? What are A, B and C?
Compact bone
A - lacunae with an osteocyte
B - central/haversian canal
C - canaliculi that contain pseudopods of osteocytes so that they can give nutrients and take away wastes.
What is this? What are A, B, C and D?
Osteon
A - osteocyte
B - pseudopods
C - blood vessels, lymph, nerve in central canal
D - lacunae
What is this? What are A, B and C?
Osteon
A - Osteon
B - periosteum
C - osteocyte/lacunae
What is the function of the periosteum?
contains osteoclasts/osteoblasts for growth/remodel
What is the function of the endosteum?
contains osteoclasts/osteoblasts for growth/remodel
what is the function of the diaphysis?
shaft, compact bone, strength
What is the function of the epiphysis and what is it primarily made up of?
ends of bone, primarily spongy bone, red blood marrow
what is the function of the epiphyseal plate and what type of cartilage is it made up of?
growth plate, hyaline cartilage
what is the function of the medullary cavity?
it's the hollow portion of diaphysis, contains red blood marrow, yellow blood marrow
what is the function of red blood marrow?
hemopoieisis, produces all blood cells
what is the function of yellow blood marrow?
stored triglycerides, stored energy
what is the function of articulating cartilage and what type of cartilage is it made of?
decreases friction, covers ends, hyaline cartilage
Name the parts of this bone.
A - prosimal epiphysis
B - diaphysis
C - distal epiphysis
name the parts of the diaphysis
A - compact bone
B - medullary cavity where RBM and YBM is contained
Which type of blood marrow do children have and which type do adults have?
adults - yellow
children - red
What are the four zones of the epiphyseal plate? What direction do they run?
resting cartilage, proliferating cartilage, hypertrophic cartilage, calcified matrix - in the proximal end, in reverse alphabetic order, in the distal end, in alphabetic order
the process in which cartilage is replaced by bone is called what?
endochondral ossification
where does endochondral ossification occur?
in the epiphyseal plates of long bones
endochondral ossification is responsible for bone doing what?
growing
what hormone stimulates growth at the epiphyseal plates?
human growth hormone hGH
what are the two methods of bone formation?
intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification
Which bones are made by intramembranous ossification?
clavicle, mandible, skull bones
in which type of ossification are capillaries present?
intramembranous
In which type of ossification does the process begin with hyaline cartilage because there are no capillaries, and end with spongy bone once capillaries enter the diaphysis?
endochondral
In which type of ossification is spongy bone made directly?
intramembranous
where is calcitonin produced?
parafollicular cells in thyroid gland
what are the target cells for calcitonin?
osteoclasts in bone
what do osteoclasts do?
crush bone to distribute Ca to blood OR shttle Ca from blood to bone
what does calcitonin do to osteoclasts to do in the event of high blood Ca?
inhibits them, stops bone resorption (destruction) and increases Ca deposit into bone from blood
what is the stimulus for release of calcitonin?
high blood Ca
what is the stimulus for parathyroid hormone?
low blood Ca
what is the production site for PTH?
parathyroid gland
what are the target cells for PTH?
1) osteoclasts in bone 2)kidney
what does PTH stimulate osteoclasts to do?
stimulates bone resorption (destruction)
what does PTH stimulate the kidneys to do?
decrease Ca loss in urine
What is the overall response to the hormone PTH?
increase in blood Ca
What is the overall response to the hormone calcitonin?
decrease in blood Ca
what are the target cells for the hormone calcitriol?
intestinal cells
describe the role of calcitriol at it's target cells
increase calcium absorption from food
What type of fibers does hyaline cartilage have?
type II collagen
what type of fibers does elastic cartilage have?
type II collagen, elastin
what type of fibers does fibrocartilage have?
type I collagen
which cartilage is the least abundant?
fibrocartilage
what type of cartilage is the most abundant?
hyaline
what are the properties of connective tissue?
matrix of materials between cells
what is solid but flexible support tissue?
cartliage
what are the classic features of cartliage?
cells (chondrocytes), matrix, fibers
how do chondrocytes within cartilage receive oxygen and nutrients?
nutrients and oxygen from blood cells surrounding cartilage (connective tissue and synovial fluid) diffuse through matrix to reach chondrocytes
what is the most abundant protein in the body and the main protein of connective tissue?
collagen
what is the function of osteons?
structural unit of compact bone; resists fracturing with stress
what is the function of osteocytes?
maintain daily activities of bone and bone matrix
what is the function of lamellae?
rings of matrix that give bone strength
what is the function of lacunae?
cavity that holds osteocytes
what is the function of canaliculi
transports materials between central canal and osteocytes
what is the function of the central canal?
contains blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves for osteons
what is the matrix within compact and spongy bone? What does it do?
extracellular material with Ca deposits to make bone hard and inflexible
what is the function of trabeculae
structural unit of spongy bone; a network of calcified matrix, supports bone marrow, arranged to resist stress
where are trabeculae found?
spongy bone
what are the five bone shapes
long, short, flat, sesamoid, irregular
what are the two divisions of the skeletal system?
axial (trunk) and appendicular (appendages)
how many bones are in the body?
206
what is the function of bone?
support, protection, reservoir for minerals
what does hypertrophy mean
increase in bone density
what does proliferating mean?
bone growth
what does bone remodeling mean?
ongoing replacement of old bone by new bone tissue