A & P Lab Exam 1

Front 1

surrounds cartilage; is innervated and vascular; where all wastes and nutrients move by diffusion

Back 1

perichondrium (DICT)

Front 2

immature and secretory cartilage cells

Back 2

chondroblasts

Front 3

mature cartilage cells

Back 3

chondrocytes

Front 4

most abundant cartilage; glossy ecm; fine fibers

Back 4

hyaline cartilage

Front 5

where is hyaline cartilage found

Back 5

costal regions (rib cage), respiratory cartilage (trachea/larynx), nasal, articular (joints)

Front 6

where is elastic cartilage found

Back 6

ear, epiglottis

Front 7

highly compressible with great tensile strength in one direction

Back 7

fibrocartilage

Front 8

where is fibrocartilage found

Back 8

menisci, intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

Front 9

how many bones are there

Back 9

206

Front 10

stem cells in bone

Back 10

osteogenic

Front 11

secretory and immature cells of bones

Back 11

osteoblasts

Front 12

mature and maintain bone itself and are responsible for bone remodeling and stress

Back 12

osteocyte

Front 13

bone resorbing cell (add and take away bone)

Back 13

osteoclasts

Front 14

communication of bony material

Back 14

canalicule

Front 15

surrounds ind muscle fibers

Back 15

endomysium

Front 16

surrounds group of muscle fibers

Back 16

perimysium

Front 17

indirect attachment by _________

Back 17

tendon or aponeuroses

Front 18

allow bones to move relative to each other; weakest part of skeleton

Back 18

joints

Front 19

what are the three types of synarthroses joints?

Back 19

1. syntoses

2. syndesmoses

3. gomphoses

Front 20

fibrous tissue with no cavities; reduced mobility

Back 20

synarthroses joints

Front 21

fibrous; short fibers; joint between two bones with no space or cartilage; not much mvmt

Back 21

syntoses

Front 22

example of syntoses joints

Back 22

sutures

Front 23

true ligamentous joints; bands of tissue are longer than suture; allows for some mvmt

Back 23

syndesmoses

Front 24

example of syndesmoses joints

Back 24

radius/ulna (interosseous membrane)

Front 25

peg-in-socket joint; short ligaments

Back 25

gomphoses joints

Front 26

example of gomphoses joints

Back 26

in teeth (between tooth and alveolus)

Front 27

cartilage; no cavity; not very mobile

Back 27

cartilaginous joints

Front 28

what are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?

Back 28

1. synchondroses

2. symphysis

Front 29

primary cartilaginous joints; hyaline cartilage; allows for interstitial growth

Back 29

synchondroses

Front 30

example of synchondroses joints

Back 30

epiphyseal plates and costal cartilage of 1st rib and manubrium

Front 31

articular hyaline cartilage on bone itself and also some fibrocartilage

Back 31

symphysis

Front 32

example of symphysis joint

Back 32

pubic symphysis

Front 33

what are the concentric rings of fibrocartilage called

Back 33

"annulus fibrosus"

Front 34

type of synovial joint that is very mobile

Back 34

diarthroses

Front 35

covers bone and absorbs compression

Back 35

articular cartilage

Front 36

potential space that has synovial fluid

Back 36

synovial cavity

Front 37

derived from blood filtrate and secretion from cells

Back 37

synovial fluid

Front 38

what is the articular joint capsule made out of?

Back 38

outer fibrous layer (DICT) and synovial membrane (loose conn. tissue)

Front 39

extra cushioning for diarthroses joints

Back 39

fatty pads

Front 40

wedges of fibrocartilage; make joint more stable

Back 40

articular discs

Front 41

synovial filled cushion around knees

Back 41

bursae

Front 42

long, skinny bursar (ex: arms and wrists); protect tendons from being ripped apart

Back 42

tendon sheaths

Front 43

ligaments are stretched or torn; ligaments are poorly vascularized

Back 43

sprain

Front 44

another word for dislocation

Back 44

luxation

Front 45

synovial membrane thickens and is not making as much fluid; damaged joints; bacterial invasion

Back 45

arthritis

Front 46

cure for arthritis?

Back 46

antibiotics

Front 47

annulus fibrosis gets torn; nucleus pulpous will extrude; usually on post. side and presses against spinal nerves (pain)

Back 47

ruptured IV disk

Front 48

two types of ossification?

Back 48

intramembranous and endochondral

Front 49

how flat bones are ossified; in richly vascularized mesenchymal tissue (embryonic tissue)

Back 49

intramembranous ossification

Front 50

ossification center that has yet to fuse

Back 50

fontanel

Front 51

hyaline cartilage templates; long bones

Back 51

endochondral ossification

Front 52

what are the 3 phases of endochondral ossification?

Back 52

1. formation of template

2. primary oss. center

3. secondary oss. center

Front 53

consist of osteoprogenitor cells and hematopoietic tissue and blood vessels

Back 53

periosteal bud

Front 54

resting zone; randomly arranged lacunae

Back 54

zone of reserve cartilage

Front 55

where proliferation occurs; chondrocytes are reproducing in columns; interstitial growth; apt. complexes

Back 55

zone of proliferation

Front 56

cells mature and get large; large lacunae; cells accumulate glycogen

Back 56

zone of maturation and hypertrophy

Front 57

calcification occurs; lacunae become confluent (connected); cartilaginous matrix becomes calcified; death of chondrocytes

Back 57

zone of calcification

Front 58

osteoprogenitor cells diff. into osteoblasts; formation of compact and primary bone

Back 58

zone of ossification

Front 59

when does epiphyseal plate closure occur?

Back 59

puberty

Front 60

too much growth hormone (gigantisism)

Back 60

hypersecretion

Front 61

deficit of growth/thyroid hormone (dwarfism)

Back 61

hyposecretion

Front 62

what are the events of fracture repair?

Back 62

1. hematoma

2. fibrocartilaginous callus forms

3. bony callus forms

4. bone remodeling occurs