A/p: Integumentary System

Front 1

superficial skin layer that contains stratum corneum, stratum basale, hair shafts and sweat gland pores

Back 1

epidermis

Front 2

the epidermis is made mostly of (XY) cells

Back 2

squamous epithelial

Front 3

the outermost layer of skin

Back 3

stratum corneum

Front 4

Skin cells produced in the (XX) are pushed up into the (YY) by newer cells being produced; the last few layers of the (XX) are dead cells that are continually shed

Back 4

stratum basale
stratum corneum

Front 5

protein found in the stratum corneum that makes this layer tough and impenetrable

Back 5

keratin

Front 6

innermost layer of the epidermis

Back 6

stratum basale

Front 7

why do cells die as they move from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum?

Back 7

they move away from the nutrient and oxygen supply of the base layer

Front 8

a dark pigment in the skin and hair that is produced by melanocytes found in the stratum basale

Back 8

melanin

Front 9

Melanin protects against (X)

Back 9

ultraviolet rays of the sun

Front 10

the layer below the epidermis

Back 10

dermis

Front 11

The (X) layer is composed of connective (Y), (Z) vessels, glands, (ZZ) tissues, (YY) endings and (XX) follicles.

Back 11

dermis
connective tissue
blood vessels
glands
muscle tissue
nerve endings
hair follicles

Front 12

the muscle attached to the root of the hair

Back 12

arrector pili

Front 13

blood vessels bring blood to the epidermis and regulate (X)

Back 13

body temperature

Front 14

when body temperature (X), blood vessels fill with blood, bringing the heat closer to the (Y) of the skin and allowing it to dissipate by evaporating (Z)

Back 14

rises
surface
sweat

Front 15

nerve endings are general (X) (Y) for pressure, temperature and pain

Back 15

sensory receptors

Front 16

nerves and blood vessels are found in what layer of the skin?

Back 16

nerves: dermis
blood vessels: dermis and subcutaneous layer (superficial fascia or hypodermis)

Front 17

three names for the deepest layer of the three dermis layers:

Back 17

hypodermis
superficial fascia
subcutaneous layer

Front 18

the subcutaneous layer, or (X) is composed mostly of connective tissues (primarily Y tissue) and (Z) vessels; varies in (ZZ) depending on location in body and other factors.

Back 18

hypodermis
adipose
blood
thickness

Front 19

glands located along the shaft of the hair

Back 19

sebaceous glands

Front 20

sebaceous glands secrete (X), an oily substance, along the (Y) that disperses along the surface of the skin and keeps the stratum corneum supple and (Z)

Back 20

sebum
hair shaft
waterproof

Front 21

sudorifer=

Back 21

sweat

Front 22

sweat (adj) aka

Back 22

sudorifer

Front 23

glands that produce and secrete perspiration

Back 23

sudoriferous glands

Front 24

sebaceous glands secrete X,
sudoriferous glands have ODOR and secrete Y

Back 24

sebum
sweat

Front 25

sweat is 99% (X) and contains some (Y,Z,and ZZ) sweat eliminates some wastes and cools the body

Back 25

water
electrolytes
salt
urea

Front 26

most numerous type of sweat glands

Back 26

eccrine

Front 27

sweat cools the body by removing (X) through (Y)

Back 27

heat
evaporation

Front 28

larger sweat glands; secrete a relatively viscous and smelly sweat

Back 28

apocrine

Front 29

(X) glands produce (Y) in the axillary and (Z) regions; active at puberty

Back 29

apocrine
sweat
pubic

Front 30

"Eccrine are Everywhere, Apocrine are Adolescent and Axillary" reminds me that:

Back 30

eccrine sweat glands are located througout the body, particularly on the back, forehead, hands and feet.
Apocrine are larger sweat glands located in the axillary and pubic regions; become active at puberty.

Front 31

"stomp your feet, clap your hands, slap your back, and wipe your brow..."

Back 31

common body regions of eccrine sweat glands

Front 32

specialized sudoriferous glands in the breasts that secrete milk

Back 32

mammary glands

Front 33

specialized secretory glands in the external ear canal that secrete cerumen (ear wax)

Back 33

ceruminous glands

Front 34

cera=

Back 34

wax

Front 35

three parts of a hair (like a sprout)

Back 35

shaft
root
bulb

Front 36

main fx of hair

Back 36

protection

Front 37

hardened layer of stratum corneum that protect the digits

Back 37

finger and toenails

Front 38

hair is keratinized or nonkeratinized?

Back 38

keratinized tissue that develops from the bulb in the hair follicle

Front 39

hair grows approximately 1 mm every (X) days

Back 39

3

Front 40

integumentary system 4 functions:

Back 40

protection (against dehydration and invasion of pathogenic organisms)
temperature regulation (through sweating and blood diversion to dissipate heat)
sensory reception (pain, touch, pressure and temperature receptors)
cutaneous absorption (skin absorbs UV light, oxygen, CO2, lipids, and some plant elements)