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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a cardiovascular system composed of |
Tubes (blood vessels), fluid (blood), pump (heart) |
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What does it mean that it is in a closed loop |
Means that it circulates blood throughout the body in an endless loop |
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What are the functions of the cardiovascular system |
To transport and fluid balance |
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What gets transported by the cardiovascular system |
materials entering the body: Oxygen, nutrients and water Materials moved from cell to cell: wastes Also: CO2 Hormones Heat Immune bodies |
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Where does the oxygen come from and where does it go |
From the lungs and goes to the all of the cells |
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Where does the nutrients and water come from and where do they go |
From the intestinal tract and goes to all cells |
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Where do the wastes come from and where do they go |
They come from cells and go to the liver for processing |
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Where is the heart positioned within the body |
On the ventral side of the thoracic cavity sandwiched between the lungs a position to where it angles to the left. |
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Define arteries and veins |
Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart veins are blood vessels that return less oxygenated blood into the heart |
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What is the one exception to the definition of arteries and veins |
The pulmonary veins are the only exception as they pull blood away from the heart |
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What are the two sets of heart valves and what do they do |
Atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves. They ensure one-way flow of the heart |
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Where are the atrioventricular valves found and what are their names |
They're found between the Atria and the ventricles. there is the tricuspid valve on the right side and the bicuspid valve or mitral valve on the left side |
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Where are the semilunar valves located and what are their names |
They are found between the ventricles and the arteries. There is the aortic valve and the pulmonary valve |
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Explain the widow-maker heart attack |
It is when the left anterior descending artery which is the main artery that supplies the front wall of the heart gets blocked. this blocked artery then has a compromised blood supply and if not treated the front wall of the heart will die and will result in a disastrous consequences. |
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What is a common technique for fixing a severe LAD blockage. |
They put in a stent replacement |
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What is the pericardium |
A fluid-filled sac in which the heart is encased in |
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Describe the physical characteristics of blood |
It is thicker and more adhesive than water pH= 7.4 Temp: 100.4 in humans It accounts for 8% of our total body weight which is about 5-6 L for males and 4-5 L for females It is made up of cells, plasma, and serum |
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What are the cells that make up the blood called |
Hematocrit |
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What is plasma |
The fluid part of whole blood |
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What is serum |
Plasma without the clotting factors so just fluid |
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What are circulatory fluids divided into |
Plasma and cellular elements |
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What is hematocrit |
The percentage of blood volume occupied by cells 45% in human males, 42% in human females is composed of a cellular component |
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What is plasma |
An aqueous medium for transport of inorganic ions, gases and organic solid |
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What are the components of plasma |
90% water The rest is plasma proteins, lipoproteins, and respiratory pigments |
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What are plasma proteins |
They are the proteins that are most plentiful and they're 6-8% of plasma |
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What are lipoproteins |
They carry energy lipids like triglycerides and structural lipids like phospholipids and cholesterol |
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What do respiratory pigments do |
They transport oxygen |
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What is plasma composed of |
Water and salts, also contains vitamins, minerals, nutrients, proteins and waste |
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Why is plasma yellow |
Because of the transport of solutes |
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What are proteins important for |
For osmotic pressure |
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What are the types of proteins found in plasma |
Albumin- the main protein in blood which regulates water content of tissues and blood Gamma globulin- the antibodies Clotting factors |
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What is blood with clotting factors removed |
Serum |
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What percentage of whole blood is plasma |
55% |
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What percentage of blood is erythrocytes |
45% |
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What percentage of whole blood is The Buffy coat |
Less than 1% |
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What are the erythrocytes of whole blood |
They are the red blood cells |
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What is The Buffy coat composed of in whole blood |
Platelets and leukocytes (which are the white blood cells) |
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Describe the composition of blood |
The aqueous potion is plasma which makes up 55% of blood, erythrocytes which of the red blood cells, leukocytes which are the white blood cells, thrombocytes which are the platelets |
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Why is there a need for the elimination of blood cells |
Because they have a hundred and ten day life expectancy and the dead ones most rid of it |
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Where are blood cells produced and eliminated |
They're produced in the bone marrow and broke from a single precursor called hematopoietic stem cell |
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How many blood cells can kamado poetic stem cells produced in 4 weeks |
10 stem cells can produce 30 trillion red blood cells, 30 billion white blood cells, and 1.2 trillion platelets |
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What is the purpose of erythrocytes |
They carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissue and carbon dioxide to the lungs |
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What do erythrocytes look like |
They contain hemoglobin and are oval-shaped in most vertebrates with biconcave disc that do not have nucleus or organelles in mammals and cannot reproduce or carry on extensive metabolic activity. They are 7.5 micrometers in diameter and the capillary they travel through is 8micrometers |
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What is erythropoietin |
It is a hormone produced by the kidneys to stimulate erythropoiesis |
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What happens in the spleen in regards to red blood |
It removes old erythrocytes and stores healthy erythrocytes. This is where we find platelets and lymphocytes |
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What are hemopoietic tissues |
Tissues that generate new erythrocytes like the red bone marrow in birds and mammals. These tissues are found in flat bones |
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What is erythropoiesis |
The process of generating new erythrocytes |
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What is the ratio of red blood cells per cubic meter |
7 to 10 million cells per cubic meter. Any drop is considered anemia |
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What is hemoglobin |
A protein with four chains, two alpha and two beta, and a heme pigment which contains an iron in the middle |
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Where is hemoglobin found and how many of them is there in this molecule |
They're found in red blood cells and each red blood cell has 200 to 300 million molecules of hemoglobin |
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What is heme |
A propherin ring with an iron in it, found on hemoglobin |
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How much more oxygen can be transported because of hemoglobin then threw just simple diffusion |
It allows for the transport of 60 times more oxygen than through simple diffusion through a cell membrane |
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Describe some different forms of hemoglobin |
It can exist in a number of forms depending on the oxygen state Oxyhemoglobin, and carbaminohemoglobin |
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What is oxyhemoglobin |
When each iron on the hemoglobin attaches to one oxygen molecule |
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In what state can iron bind to oxygen |
In the Ferrous State (Fe++) |
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What is carbaminohemoglobin |
It is the form of hemoglobin where the globulin portion of hemoglobin combines with carbon dioxide and happens when there is gas exchange at the tissue because hemoglobin can bind carbon monoxide easier than oxygen due to its high affinity for it |
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