A & P - College Network - Chapter 1

Front 1

Abdominal Quadrants

Back 1

An approach to geography of the abdominopelvic region. Dividing it into 4 quadrants.

Front 2

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Back 2

The diaphragm divides ventral body cavity into 2 parts: a superior part enclosed by ribcage called thoracic, and inferior abdominopelvic cavity.

Front 3

Adhesion Molecules

Back 3

Allow the cells of a tissue to recognize one another and stick together.

Front 4

Adipocytes

Back 4

Fat cells derived from fibroblasts. The interior of each adipocyte is dominated by a droplet of fat.

Front 5

Adipose Tissue

Back 5

Specialized tissue for the storage of fat. Additionally serves to cushion internal organs, reduces heat loss, gives the body contours.

Front 6

ADP

Back 6

An energy-depleted form of ATP.

Front 7

Anatomical Position

Back 7

The subject or patient is erect, facing the viewer, with feet pointed ahead, arms at sides, and the palms of the hands turned forward.

Front 8

Appendicular Region

Back 8

One of the fundamental regions of the body, consisting of the limbs or extremities.

Front 9

ATP

Back 9

Within the mitochondria, the energy from the oxidation of foodstuffs is applied to the synthesis of ATP, the general chemical energy source for energy-requiring cellular processes

Front 10

Axial Region

Back 10

One of the fundamental regions of the body, consisting of the head, neck and trunk.

Front 11

Bilayer

Back 11

Double layer.

Front 12

Blood Plasma

Back 12

A fluid component containing salts; some organic solutes; dissolved gases and proteins.

Front 13

Body Cavities

Back 13

Hollow spaces within the body that contain internal organs.
Dorsal - Cranial cavity and spinal canal
Ventral - Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
Scrotal - Present in males only

Front 14

Bone Marrow

Back 14

The site of synthesis of blood cells in adults.

Front 15

Canaliculus

Back 15

Small channels that allow nutrients and oxygen to reach osteocytes and cellular waste to be removed.

Front 16

Cancellous Bone

Back 16

Bones consist of an outer covering of compact bone (dense) bone surrounding a core of cancellous (spongy) bone.

Front 17

Cardiac Muscle

Back 17

Makes up the cell walls of the heart and is responsible for circulating blood to all body parts.

Front 18

Cartilage

Back 18

Strong, flexible, smooth material composed of collagen and chondroitin that in adults, supports some soft tissues; covers the ends of bones; and provides bearing surfaces for joints.

Front 19

Chondrocytes

Back 19

Cells that secrete cartilage.

Front 20

Chondroitin

Back 20

Type of intracellular substance formed by connective tissues. A tough, flexible material that is major component of cartilage, one form of connective tissue.

Front 21

Collagen

Back 21

A type of intracellular substance formed by connective tissues composed of giant, fibrous molecules that may be arranged in bundles or as a mesh.

Front 22

Columnar

Back 22

Cells that are cylindrical with heights greater than their widths.

Front 23

Compact Bone

Back 23

An outer covering that surrounds a core of cancellous bone composed of units called osteons.

Front 24

Connective Tissue

Back 24

Holds body parts together and contributes to the structural integrity of the tissue types.

Front 25

Connective Tissue Proper

Back 25

Composes a loosely arranged structural framework for almost every tissue.

Front 26

Cranial Cavity

Back 26

Within the skull, containing the brain.

Front 27

Cuboidal

Back 27

Cells that are approx. as wide as they are tall.

Front 28

Cytoplasm

Back 28

The intracellular fluid.

Front 29

Cytoskeleton

Back 29

The scaffold of filaments within the cytoplasm that allow the cell to maintain form and to move.

Front 30

Differentiation

Back 30

A process in which unspecialized cells acquire specific cellular structures and become specialized to perform specific functions.

Front 31

Directional Terms

Back 31

The terms used to describe the relationships of individual structures and regions.

Front 32

Ectoderm

Back 32

In the earliest stages of embryonic development, the outermost layer of the unspecialized embryonic cells that seperate into three layers.

Front 33

Elastin

Back 33

A type of intracellular substance formed by connective tissues composed of giant, fibrous molecules that may be arranged in bundles or as a mesh.

Front 34

Endocrine Glands

Back 34

Formed by epithelial cells, the endocrine glands secrete chemical messengers called hormones into the blood.

Front 35

Endoderm

Back 35

In the earliest stages of embryonic development, the innermost layer of unspecialized embryonic cells that seperate into three layers.

Front 36

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 36

An internal membrane system that contains proteins and lipids destined for various metabolic fates within the cell, for secretion to the exterior, or for the incorporation into the plasma membrane.

Front 37

Epithelial Tissue

Back 37

A specific tissue that develops from the ectoderm and endoderm, consisting of sheets of cells. Typically epithelial form barriers between the interior of the body and external environment, covering the body's surface and lining hollow internal organs.

Front 38

Erthyocytes

Back 38

Red blood cells.

Front 39

Exocrine Glands

Back 39

Secretes substances by way of ducts to the exterior, for example, the salivary glands of the mouth and the sweat glands in the skin.

Front 40

Extrinsic

Back 40

Extrinsic membrane proteins are less tightly attached and may be removed by chemical treatments that do not dissolve the membrane.

Front 41

Fibroblasts

Back 41

Characteristic cells that secrete intracellular materials.

Front 42

Formed Elements

Back 42

In the blood, formed elements include erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells) and thrombocytes (platelets).

Front 43

Frontal Section

Back 43

Passes parallel to the midline and at right angles to the plane of the sagittal section and would divide the body into dorsal and ventral portions.

Front 44

Glia

Back 44

Support the neutrons and maintain a favorable environment for their functions.

Front 45

Glycoproteins

Back 45

Strands of sugar molecules attached to the proteins.

Front 46

Golgi Apparatus

Back 46

Closely stacked sacs of endoplasmic reticulum that serve as a sorting station for proteins synthesized by the ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Front 47

Haversian Canal

Back 47

A central canal that contains blood vessels and nerves surrounded by each osteon.

Front 48

Horizontal Section

Back 48

A cut at right angles to the midline and dividing the body into superior and inferior portions.

Front 49

Hormones

Back 49

Chemical messengers secreted by the endocrine glands.

Front 50

Hyaluronic Acid

Back 50

A major type of intercellular substance formed by connective tissue.

Front 51

Intercellular Material

Back 51

Material secreted by fibroblasts.

Front 52

Intermediate Filaments

Back 52

One of the three basic types of filaments within the cytoplasm that allow the cell to maintain a form and to move.

Front 53

Intinsic

Back 53

Intrinsic membrane proteins are tightly associated with the membrane and in some cases span it from one side to the other.

Front 54

Lacunae

Back 54

Spaces between the lamellae occupied by osteocytes.

Front 55

Lamellae

Back 55

Concentric rings of a mineralized intercellular substance surrounding the Haversian canal.

Front 56

Leukocytes

Back 56

White blood cells.

Front 57

Ligaments

Back 57

The structure that holds joints together.

Front 58

Mesoderm

Back 58

In the earliest stages of embryonic development, the unspecialized embryonic cell layer that lies between the ectoderm and endoderm.

Front 59

Microfilaments

Back 59

One of three basic types of filaments within the cytoplasm that allow the cell to maintain a form and to move.

Front 60

Microtubules

Back 60

One of three basic types of filaments within the cytoplasm that allow the cell to maintain a form and to move.

Front 61

Midline

Back 61

The median line or median plane of the body or some part of the body.

Front 62

Midsagittal Section

Back 62

If the body were sliced into equal right and left halves, this cut would pass through the sagittal plane along the midline of the body.

Front 63

Mitochondria

Back 63

Rod-like structures consisting of a double-bilayer membrane that are the sites of the reactions of terminal oxidative metabolism.

Front 64

Neurons

Back 64

Nervous tissues that generate and conduct electrical impulses and communicate with other cells by way of chemical messages.

Front 65

Nucleus

Back 65

Contains the genetic material (DNA) together with molecules that affect expression of specific parts of the genetic code.

Front 66

Organelles

Back 66

Structures contained within cytoplasm.

Front 67

Osteoblasts

Back 67

Osteocytes that synthesize bone.

Front 68

Osteoclasts

Back 68

Osteocytes that break down bone.

Front 69

Osteocytes

Back 69

Bone cells.

Front 70

Osteons

Back 70

Units of compact bone.

Front 71

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Back 71

Process in mitochondria that involves reactions of terminal oxidative metabolism, where energy from oxidation of foodstuffs is applied to the synthesis of ATP, general chemical energy source for energy-depleted form of the same molecule.

Front 72

Parasagittal Planes

Back 72

Planes that cut the body to the right or left of the midline, generating unequal portions.

Front 73

Plasma Membrane

Back 73

The outer boundary of the cell containing membrane proteins embedded in it and attached to its surface.

Front 74

Pseudostratified

Back 74

Some simple epithelia, which are one cell layer thick. Some of the cells are not tall enough to reach all the way from one side of the sheet to the other.

Front 75

Receptors

Back 75

Membrane proteins that detect of chemical messages from other cells.

Front 76

Ribosomes

Back 76

An organelle composed of proteins and ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) that synthesize proteins based on codes delivered to them in the form of messages RNA (mRNA).

Front 77

Label parts of cell

Back 77