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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Articulations |
Joints Points where bones meet |
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Fibrous joints |
Synarthroses Result when collagen fibers from one bone penetrate the adjacent bone, anchoring the bones in place Ex: adult skull sutures bc once growth is complete the bones of skull are knitted together, offering the brain protection |
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Cartilaginous joints |
Amphiarthroses Two bones are joined by cartilage Slightly movable Ex: two pubic portions of the os coxae are joined by a pad of cartilage called symphysis. Thus making it the joint known as symphysis pubis |
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Synovial joints |
Called diarthoses Are freely movable The most numerous and versatile of all the body’s joints |
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Joint capsule |
Extending from the periosteum of each of the articulating bones is a sheet of connective tissues that encloses the joint cavity |
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Joint capsule |
Extending from the periosteum of each of the articulating bones is a sheet of connective tissues that encloses the joint cavity |
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Synovial membrane |
Moist, slippery membrane lines the inside of the joint capsule, where it secretes synovial fluid |
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Joint cavity |
small space between the bones allowing for freedom of movement. Also contains synovial fluid |
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Synovial fluid |
Slippery, viscous fluid that has the consistency of an egg white. lubricants the joint, nourishes the cartilage, and contains phagocytes to remove debris |
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Articular cartilage |
Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the bone surfaces. With synovial fluid, Articular cartilage permits friction free movement |
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Ligaments |
Tough cords of connective tissue help bind the bones more firmly together |
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Bursa |
Small sacs filled with synovial fluid In areas where muscles and tendons pass over bony prominences The bursa Facilitates movement and eases friction Found in: knees, shoulders, and elbows |
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Ball and socket joint |
Ball shapes head of one bone fits into a cup like socket of another bone to form a joint to offer the widest range of motion of all joints Ex: shoulder and hip joints |
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Pivot joint |
A projection from one bone articulates with a ring shaped socket of another bone allowing it to rotate and pivot Ex: second cev |
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Hinge joint |
(Flex ion and extension) Ex : elbow, knee, fingers and toes |
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Saddle joint |
Back and forth (limited on side to side as well) Ex: thumb |
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Gliding joint |
Least mobile (2 flat bones sliding over each other) Ex: vertebrae, tarsal bones, carpal bones |
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Condyloid joint |
Flexion and extension as well as side to side Ex : radius connected to carpal bones (wrist) |
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Flexion |
Bending joint near you (decrease angle) |
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Extension |
Straightening a joint (increasing angle) |
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Hypertension |
Extreme extension of a joint beyond it’s normally straight position |
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Dorsiflexion |
Moving toes or foot upward |
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Plantar flexion |
Moving toes or foot downward |
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Abduction |
Movement of body part away from midline |
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Adduction |
Movement of body part toward midline |
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Circumduction |
Movement in a circle |
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Internal rotation |
Bone spin towards the body’s midline |
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External rotation |
Bone spins away from midline |
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Supination |
Palms up |
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Pronation |
Palms down |
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Pronation |
Palms down |
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Inversion |
Foot movement that turns the sole toward the other foot |
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Protraction |
Moves a part forward |
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Retraction |
Moves part backward |
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Reversion |
Foot movement that turns sole away from other foot |
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Tibiofemoral joint |
Knee (largest joint in body) |
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ACL |
Keeps knee from hyperextending |
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PCL |
Limits sideway motion (knee) |
