A+P Ch. 3 Cells

Front 1

Cells

Back 1

the basic unit of life

Front 2

All living things are made of?

Back 2

Cells

Front 3

composite cell

Back 3

a cell which has all the structures within, just a teaching device, no cell has all structures

Front 4

cell membrane

Back 4

outermost limit of a cell

Front 5

What are the 3 main structures of the cell membrane?

Back 5

Phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins

Front 6

Phospholipids

Back 6

a glycerol molecule connected to two fatty acids and a phosphate (makes up most of membrane)

Front 7

Cholesterol

Back 7

increases flexibility of the membrane

Front 8

Proteins

Back 8

provide membrane w/ certain properties two ex. are receptors and pores/channels

Front 9

Pores

Back 9

allow movement through membrane, always open

Front 10

Channels

Back 10

allow movement through membrane, can open and close

Front 11

Permeable

Back 11

a substance is permeable if it can cross the plasma membrane

Front 12

Impermeable

Back 12

a substance is impermeable if it cannot cross the membrane

Front 13

Semipermeable

Back 13

a membrane is semipermeable if it allows something to cross (NOT ALL)

Front 14

Cytoplasm

Back 14

the fluid portion of the cell

Front 15

Organelles

Back 15

mini organs of a cell

Front 16

Ribosome Structure

Back 16

small dots

Front 17

Ribosome Function

Back 17

make protein from RNA

Front 18

Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure

Back 18

series of tunnels through cytoplasm

Front 19

Endoplasmic Reticulum Function

Back 19

make specialized proteins

Front 20

Difference between Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?

Back 20

RER has ribosomes, SER does not

Front 21

Golgi Apparatus (body) structure

Back 21

Flattened Sacks

Front 22

Golgi Apparatus (body) Function

Back 22

packages proteins to be excreted

Front 23

Mitochondria structure

Back 23

pill shaped w/ maze inside

Front 24

Mitochondria function

Back 24

uses nutrients to make cellular energy

Front 25

Lysosomes Structure

Back 25

pill shaped w/ maze inside

Front 26

Lysosomes Function

Back 26

breaks down substance

Front 27

Centrioles Structure

Back 27

2 hollow barrels

Front 28

Centrioles Function

Back 28

seperates chromosomes during cell division

Front 29

Cilia Structure

Back 29

small finger like extension of membrane

Front 30

Cilia Function

Back 30

move substances along the cell

Front 31

Flagella Structure

Back 31

long tail like projection

Front 32

Flagella Function

Back 32

movement of the cell

Front 33

Nucleus Structure

Back 33

largest central organelle

Front 34

Nucleus Function

Back 34

to store genes and caopies of genes

Front 35

Nucleolus structure

Back 35

dense area in nucleus

Front 36

Nucleolus function

Back 36

make ribosomes

Front 37

chromatin structure

Back 37

fine threads of DNA

Front 38

chromatin function

Back 38

stores ALL recipes for ALL proteins

Front 39

chromosomes structure

Back 39

dense bundles of chromatin that form during cell division

Front 40

chromosomes function

Back 40

movement of dna during cell division

Front 41

ATP

Back 41

cellular energy (adenosine triphosphate)

Front 42

ATP RXN

Back 42

take a phosphate off of ATP and release energy, which produces ADP, put a phosphate back on to store energy, and make ATP again

Front 43

active transport

Back 43

transport that requires cellular energy

Front 44

2 types of active transport

Back 44

pumps and endocytosis

Front 45

endocytosis

Back 45

moves a particle into the cell by creating a vesticle out of the membrane

Front 46

pumps

Back 46

pumps use ATP to move molecules across the plasma membrane (from low to high concentration usually)

Front 47

pinocytosis

Back 47

liquids coming in through endocytosis

Front 48

phagocytosis

Back 48

solids coming in through endocytosis

Front 49

passive transport

Back 49

transport which does not require energy

Front 50

diffusion

Back 50

the random movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Front 51

what compounds can be diffused

Back 51

fat, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

Front 52

facilitated diffusion

Back 52

diffusion that requires a pore/channel to cross the plasma membrane

Front 53

osmosis

Back 53

diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

Front 54

filtration

Back 54

movement through holes in a membrane by pressure (ex. kidneys)

Front 55

differentiation

Back 55

when a cell changes from a general type to a specific type of cell

Front 56

how does differentiation work

Back 56

involves turning on and off of genes

Front 57

when does differentiation occur most

Back 57

during embryonic development

Front 58

5 phases of mitosis

Back 58

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (in that order)

Front 59

which phase is the longest

Back 59

interphase

Front 60

interphase

Back 60

cell doubles in size, number of organelles, also replicates DNA

Front 61

3 steps of interphase

Back 61

G1, S, G2 (not sure about order)

Front 62

g1

Back 62

cell is growing and doubling in size

Front 63

g2

Back 63

cell is growing and doubling in size

Front 64

s

Back 64

genetic material is copied

Front 65

prophase

Back 65

chromatin becomes chromosomes, nuclear membrane disappears, centrioles move to the sides

Front 66

metaphase

Back 66

chromosomes line up, attached by spindle fibers

Front 67

anaphase

Back 67

spindle fibers shorten, pulling chromosomes towards opposite side of cell

Front 68

telophase

Back 68

chromosomes become chromatin, nuclear membrane develops, spindle fibers disappear, cytokinesis occurs

Front 69

cytokinesis

Back 69

process of splitting the cytoplasm in two

Front 70

metabolism

Back 70

all of the chemical reactions of a body

Front 71

anabolism

Back 71

the chemical reactions that build macromolecules

Front 72

catabolism

Back 72

the chemical reactions that break down macromolecules

Front 73

catabolism(carbs)

Back 73

breaks down carbs from polysaccharides into many monosaccharides

Front 74

anabolism(carbs)

Back 74

builds polysaccharide glycogen, made from 100s of glucose

Front 75

anaerobic metabolism(glycolysis)

Back 75

breaks down glucose (a monosaccharide) w/o oxygen

Front 76

aerobic metabolism

Back 76

breaks down glucose (a monosaccharide) w/ oxygen

Front 77

atp yield of anaerobic metabolism

Back 77

2 atp

Front 78

atp yield of aerobic metabolism

Back 78

32 atp

Front 79

transcription

Back 79

making of mRNA from DNA

Front 80

translation

Back 80

making of proteins from mRNA

Front 81

where transcription occurs

Back 81

nucleus

Front 82

where translation occurs

Back 82

ribosomes