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252 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lies horizontal in superior/anterior thorax above first rib, articulates w/sternum & scapula (aka clavicle)
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collar bone
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Scapula, articulates w/clavicle & humerus
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shoulder blade
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Attach bones of upper limbs to axial skeleton (component of appendicular skeleton)
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shoulder girdle
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A form of entrapment neuropathy commonly caused by compression of the suprascapular nerve at the back of the shoulder
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Suprascapular neuritis
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What are the components of the pectoral girdle
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Clavicle, Scapula
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What holds the pectoral girdles in place?
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Muscle attachments
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Where does the clavicle attach to the sternum relative to the first rib?
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Superiorly
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Where is the clavicle commonly broken?
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Middle portion (junction of the 2 S-curves)
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What are the names of the two ends of the clavicle?
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Acromial end, Sternal end
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Name the muscles that attach to the coracoid process
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Pectoralis minor
coracobrachialis biceps brachii |
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Name the muscles that attach to the infraspinous fossa
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Infraspinatus muscle
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Name the muscles that attach to the medial border (of the scapula)
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Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor, levator scapulae
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Name the muscles that attach to the supraspinous fossa
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Supraspinatus muscle
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Name the muscles that attach to the subscapular fossa
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Subscapularis muscle
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What anterior neck muscle attaches near scapular notch or on superior transverse scapular ligament?
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Omohyoid
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Where is superior transverse scapular ligament located?
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Transverses scapular notch & converts to foramen
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What structure runs under the ligament?
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Suprascapular nerve
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What structure runs over the ligament?
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Subscapular artery
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What causes suprascapular neuritis?
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Entrapment, compression of suprascapular nerve at back of shoulder
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What are the clinical findings of suprascapular neuritis regarding pain
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Radiates to C5-C6 dermatomes (shoulder down to forearm)
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What are the clinical findings of suprascapular neuritis regarding reproduction of pain by examiner
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Direct pressure over nerve in notch with finger
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What are the clinical findings of suprascapular neuritis regarding prolonged entrapment effect on muscle
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Visible wasting of supraspinatus & infraspinatus muscles
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fracture occurs when a ligament or tendon attached to a bone pulls away part of the bone (at any location—not just the humerus)
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avulsion fracture
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Thin/strong/fibrous membrane, joins radius & ulna; prov attacc for deep forearm muscles
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interosseous membrane
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Joint between phalanges
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interphalangeal joint
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Knuckles, between metacarpal bones and proximal phalanges
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metacarpophalangeal joint
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Name the muscles that attaches to the Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
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Deltoid
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Name the muscles that attaches to the Greater tubercle of the humerus
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Pectoralis major, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
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Name the muscles that attaches to the Lesser tubercle of the humerus
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Subscapularis
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Name the group of muscles that attaches to the Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
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Superficial posterior (extensor) compartment muslces
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis - Extensor digitorum - Extensor digiti minimi - Extensor carpi ulnaris |
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Name the group of muscles that attach to the Medial epicondyle of the humerus
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Superficial anterior (flexor) compartment muscles
- Flexor carpi radialis - Palmaris longus - Flexor carpi ulnaris - Flexor digitorum superficialis |
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What are the relative sizes of the lateral and medial epicondyles of the humerus?
What is the reason for this? |
- Medial epicondyle is larger
- b/c force required for muscles of forearm flexion is greater than muscles for extension |
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Describe the capitulum regarding position and associated forearm bone
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Lateral
Radius |
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Describe the trochlea regarding position and associated forearm bone
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Medial
Ulna |
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How are avulsion fractures typically repaired?
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Avulsion fractures (anywhere) are typically repaired by open reduction and fixation with a screw (or screws)
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State the nerve that is affected accompanying damage to the surgical neck of the humerus
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Axillary nerve
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State the nerve that is affected accompanying damage to the medial epicondyle of the humerus
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Median nerve
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State the nerve that is affected accompanying damage to the shaft of the humerus
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Radial nerve
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State the nerve that is affected accompanying damage to the distal end of the humerus
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Ulnar nerve
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State the relative position of the radius
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Radius – lateral
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State the relative position of the ulna
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Ulna – medial
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Name the individual muscles that attach to the Radial tuberosity.
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Biceps brachii
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Name the individual muscles that attach to Ulnar the tuberosity.
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Brachialis
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Pair each of the proximal row wrist bones with its corresponding (and generally adjacent) bone of the distal row.
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Scaphoid - Trapezium
Lunate - Trapezoid Triquetrum - Capitate Pisiform - Hamate |
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-----------BACK AND PEC----------
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-----------------------------------
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Pyramidal space inferior to glenohumeral joint & superior to axillary fascia at junction of arm and thorax
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Axilla
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Small triangular gap in thick musculature of back, good place to examine posterior segments of lungs using stethoscope
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Triangle of Auscultation
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located superiorly, its course can often be traced between the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles
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Cephalic vein
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large triangular shaped muscle of the upper and middle back
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trapezius
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The portion of the lower opening of the chest formed by the cartilages of the seventh to tenth ribs
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Costal arch
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lie lateral to the vertebral furrow
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Vertebral border of scapula
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State muscle that attaches to the Coracoid process and whether attachment is origin or insertion:
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Insertion: Pectoralis minor
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State muscle that attaches to the Deltoid tuberosity and whether attachment is origin or insertion:
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Insertion: Deltoid
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State muscle that attaches to the Greater tubercle of humerus and whether attachment is origin or insertion:
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Insertion: Teres Minor, Infraspinatus, Supraspinatus
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State muscle that attaches to the Infraspinous fossa and whether attachment is origin or insertion:
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Origin: Infraspinatus
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State muscle that attaches to the Lateral epicondyle of humerus and whether attachment is origin or insertion:
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Origin: Extensor carpi radialis brevis, Extensor digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi, Extensor carpi ulnaris, Supinator, Anconeus
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State muscle that attaches to the Lesser tubercle of humerus and whether attachment is origin or insertion:
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Insertion: Subscapularis
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State muscle that attaches to the Medial border of scapula at spine and whether attachment is origin or insertion:
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Insertion: Rhomboid minor
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State muscle that attaches to the Medial border of scapula inferior to spine and whether attachment is origin or insertion:
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Insertion: Rhomboid major
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State muscle that attaches to the Medial border of scapula superior to spine and whether attachment is origin or insertion:
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Insertion: Levator scapulae
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State muscle that attaches to the Medial epicondyle of humerus and whether attachment is origin or insertion:
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Origin: Flexor carpi radialis, Palmaris longus, Flexor carpi ulnaris, Flexor digitorum superficialis
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State muscle that attaches to the Radial tuberosity and whether attachment is origin or insertion:
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Insertion: Biceps brachii
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State muscle that attaches to the Subscapular fossa and whether attachment is origin or insertion:
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Origin: Subscapularis
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State muscle that attaches to the Supraspinous fossaand whether attachment is origin or insertion:
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Origin: Supraspinatus
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State muscle that attaches to the Ulnar tuberosity and whether attachment is origin or insertion:
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Insertion: Brachialis
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What vein is commonly used for routine venipuncture?
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median cubital vein
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What are the names of the anterior thoracoappendicular muscles?
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Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, subclavius
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What is the name of the posterior thoracoappendicular muscle?
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Latissimus dorsi
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regarding the latissimus dorsi, state the origin, insertion, innervation,
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Origin: Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic, lumbar vertebrae, crests of sacrum and ilium
Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus (Intertubercular groove) Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve |
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regarding the levator scapulae, state the origin, insertion, innervation
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Origin: Superior 4 or 5 cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Superior vertebral border of scapula Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve |
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regarding the latissimus dorsi, state action and arterial supply.
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Arterial supply: Thoracodorsal artery
Action: Extends,adducts, medially rotates humerus at shoulder, draws arm inferiorly & posteriorly, raises body toward arms in climbing |
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regarding the levator scapulae, state action and arterial supply.
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Arterial supply: Dorsal scapular artery
Action: Elevates scapula |
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regarding the pectoralis major, state origin, insertion and innervation
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Origin: Clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages of ribs 2-6
Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus (Intertubercular groove) Innervation: Lateral and medial pectoral nerves |
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regarding the pectoralis major, state action and arterial supply.
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Arterial supply: Pectoral branch of the Thoracoacromial artery
Action: Adducts and medially rotates humerus at the shoulder joint |
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regarding the pectoralis minor, state origin, insertion and innervation
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Origin: Ribs 2-5 or 3-5 or 2-4
Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve |
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regarding the pectoralis minor, state action and arterial supply.
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Arterial supply: Lateral thoracic artery
Action: Abducts scapula, rotates downward; elevates ribs in forced inhalation when scapula |
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regarding the rhomboid major, state origin, insertion and innervation
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Origin: Spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae T2-T5
Insertion: Medial border of scapula inferior to spine Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve |
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regarding the rhomboid major, state action and arterial supply.
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Arterial supply: Dorsal scapular artery
Action: Elevates and adducts scapula; stabilizes scapula |
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regarding the rhomboid minor, state origin, insertion and innervation
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Origin: Spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae
Insertion: Medial border of scapula superior to spine Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve |
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regarding the rhomboid minor, state action and arterial supply.
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Arterial supply: Dorsal scapular artery
Action: Elevates and adducts scapula; stabilizes scapula |
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regarding the serratus anterior, state origin, insertion and innervation
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Origin: Superior 8 or 9 ribs
Insertion: Vertebral border and inferior angle of scapula Innervation: Long thoracic nerve |
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reguarding the serratus anterior, state the action and arterial supply:
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Arterial supply: Lateral thoracic artery
Action: Abducts scapula and rotates it upward. “Boxer’s muscles” |
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reguarding the subclavius , state the origin, insertion, innervation
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Origin: 1st rib
Insertion: clavicle Innervation: subclavian nerve |
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reguarding the subclavius, state the action and arterial supply:
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Arterial supply: clavicular branch of the Thoracoacromial artery
Action: Depresses clavicle and moves it anteriorly |
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reguarding the trapezius, state the origin, insertion, innervation
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Origin: External occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, spinous process C7-T12
Insertion: Clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula Innervation: Accessory nerve CN XI |
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reguarding the trapezius, state the action and arterial supply:
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Arterial supply:
Action: Superior fibers elevate scapula & extend head, middle fibers adduct scapula, inferior fibers depress scapula |
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reguarding the deltoid , state the origin, insertion, innervation
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Origin: Acromial extremity of clavicle
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Innervation: Axillary nerve |
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reguarding the deltoid, state the action and arterial supply:
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Arterial supply: Thoracoacromial artery, deltoid branch
Action: Entire muscle abducts arm at shoulder joint, anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm, posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm |
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reguarding the infraspinatus, state the origin, insertion, innervation
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Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus Innervation: Suprascapular nerve |
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reguarding the infraspinatus , state the action and arterial supply:
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Arterial supply: Suprascapular artery
Action: Laterally rotates arm at shoulder joint |
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reguarding the subscapularis, state the origin, insertion, innervation
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Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerves |
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reguarding thesubscapularis , state the action and arterial supply:
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Arterial supply: Subscapular artery
Action: Medially rotates arm at shoulder joint |
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reguarding the supraspinatus, state the origin, insertion, innervation
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Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus (Greater Tuberosity) Innervation: Suprascapular nerve |
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reguarding the supraspinatus, state the action and arterial supply:
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Arterial supply: Suprascapular artery
Action: Assists deltoid with initial stages of abducting arm at shoulder joint |
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reguarding the teres major , state the origin, insertion, innervation
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Origin: Inferior lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus (Intertubercular groove) Innervation: Lower subscapular nerve |
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reguarding the teres major, state the action and arterial supply:
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Arterial supply: Subscapular artery
Action: Adducts, medially rotates, and extends arm at shoulder joint |
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reguarding the teres minor, state the origin, insertion, innervation
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Origin: Middle lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus Innervation: Axillary nerve |
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reguarding the teres minor, state the action and arterial supply:
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Arterial supply: Subscapular artery
Action: Laterally rotates and adducts arm at shoulder joint |
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What are the names of the muscles that comprise the rotator cuff?
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Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus Subscapularis Teres minor |
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What is the function of the rotator cuff?
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Helps to lift and rotate the arm, and to stabilize the ball of the shoulder within the joint
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Where do the majority of the muscles of the rotator cuff insert?
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On the greater tuberosity of the humerus
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What feature marks the beginning of the axillary artery?
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Lateral border of the 1st rib
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What feature marks the termination of the axillary artery?
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becomes the brachial artery when it passes the inferior border of the teres major (it generally reaches the humerus at that point).
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Properly sequence the following vessels that branch off the axillary artery
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1) superior thoracic artery,
2) thoracoacromial artery, 3) lateral thoracic artery 4) subscapular artery 5) anterior circumflex humeral artery 6) posterior circumflex humeral artery |
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--------BRACHIAL PLEXUS
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--------------------------------------
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a form of thoracic outlet syndrome, which is caused by compression of the brachial plexus and brachial vessels in the root of the neck
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anterior scalene syndrome
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Name the nerve that innervates most or all of the muscles of the Anterior arm
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Musculocutaneous nerve
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Name the nerve that innervates most or all of the muscles of the Anterior forearm
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Median nerve
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Name the nerve that innervates most or all of the muscles of the Posterior arm
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Radial nerve
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Name the nerve that innervates most or all of the muscles of the Posterior forearm
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Deep Radial nerve
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What does the motor portion of the musculocutaneous nerve innervate
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Flexors of the arm
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What is the terminus of the musculocutaneous nerve?
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Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve
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the smaller branch of the posterior division. It travels with the posterior circumflex artery, and distributes to the deltoid and teres minor muscles
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Axillary
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innervates the pectoralis major muscle. It originates from the lateral cord, hence its name “lateral” pectoral. It is an infraclavicular nerve.
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Lateral pectoral
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innervates the pectoralis minor and part of the pectoralis major. It originates from the medial cord. It is an infraclavicular nerve.
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Medial pectoral
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formed from contributions of both medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus.
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Median
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innervates the triceps brachii, anconeus, brachioradialis, and extensor muscles of the forearm.
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Radial
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also called the middle subscapular nerve. It supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle. It is an infraclavicular nerve.
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thoracodorsal
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list the supraclavicular nerves.
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Dorsal scapular nerve
Long thoracic nerve Nerve to the subclavius Suprascapular nerve |
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List the infraclavicular nerves.
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Medial and lateral pectoral nerves
Medial brachial/ antebrachial cutaneous nerves Subscapular nerves (three) |
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Name the cutaneous terminus of the Axillary nerve
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superior lateral cutaneous branch supplies sensory information for the shoulder
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Name the cutaneous terminus of the Musculocutaneous nerve
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lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve
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Name the cutaneous terminus of the Radial nerve
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- inferior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve
- posterior brachial cutaneous nerve - posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve |
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Where is the quadrangular space located?
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Axillary nerve
Posterior circumflex humeral artery Posterior circumflex humeral vein |
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What are the contents of the quadrangular space?
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A four-sided space associated with the posterior axilla.
Superiorly - Inferior border of teres minor Inferiorly - Superior border of teres major Medially - Long head of triceps Laterally - Surgical neck of humerus |
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What nerves pass through the arm without innervating any muscles of the arm?
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Median and Ulnar
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________ARM
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``````````````````
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Functionally related skeletal muscles of the limbs along with their associated blood vessels and nerves are grouped together by fascia into regions
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compartment
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group muscles together into compartments
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fascia
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separates anterior and posterior compartments of the arm
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fascial plane
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what nerve supplies the Biceps brachii, Brachialis &
Coracobrachialis |
Musculocutaneous nerve
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what nerve supplies the Triceps brachii & Anconeus muscles
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Radial nerve
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regurding the anconeus muscle, state the origin, insertion, innervation,
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Origin - lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - olecranon of ulna Innervation - radial nerve |
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regurding the anconeus muscle, state the action, and arterial supply:
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Action - extends forearm at elbow joint
Arterial supply - deep brachial artery |
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regurding the biceps brachii muscle, state the origin, insertion, innervation,
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Origin - Long: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Short: coracoid process of scapula Insertion - radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis Innervation - musculocutaneous nerve |
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regurding the biceps brachii muscle, state the action, and arterial supply:
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Action - flexes forearm at elbow joint, supinates forearm (at radioulnar joint), and flexes arm at shoulder joint
Arterial supply - brachial artery |
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regurding the brachialis muscle, state the origin, insertion, innervation,
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Origin: humerus
Insertion: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna Innervation: musculocutaneous nerv |
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regurding the brachialis muscle, state the action, and arterial supply:
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Action: flexes forearm at elbow joint (major flexor of elbow)
Arterial Supply: brachial artery |
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regurding the coracobrachialis muscle, state the origin, insertion, innervation,
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Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: shaft of humerus Innervation: musculocutaneous nerve |
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regurding the coracobrachialis muscle, state the action, and arterial supply:
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Action: flexes and adducts arm at the shoulder joint
Arterial Supply: brachial artery |
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regurding the triceps brachii muscle, state the origin, insertion, innervation,
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Origin Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head: humerus Medial head: humerus Insertion: olecranon of ulna Innervation: radial nerve |
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regurding the triceps brachii muscle, state the action, and arterial supply:
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Action: extends forearm at elbow joint, extends arm at shoulder joint
Arterial Supply: brachial artery |
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Which muscles, or heads of muscles, have action at the shoulder joint?
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Biceps brachii, triceps brachii, coracobrachialis
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Which muscles, or heads of muscles, have action at the elbow joint?
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Biceps brachii, triceps brachii, coracobrachialis, anconeus
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What artery travels with the axillary nerve
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posterior circumflex humeral
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What artery travels with the median nerve
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brachial artery
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What artery travels with the radial nerve
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deep brachial artery
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`````````ELBOW````````
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````````````````````
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the elbow joint is classified as this; It permits the action of flexion and extension of the forearm
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Hinge joint
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An incomplete or partial dislocation of a joint or organ
|
Subluxation AKA Nursemaid’s elbow
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What is the mechanism of injury of subluxation of the head of the radius?
|
A sudden longitudinal traction on the arm with the elbow extended:
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What kind of events are generally in the history of the injury?
|
- Caregiver suddenly lifts the child by grasping their hands.
- Child is being swung by their arms in play - Child is walking between adults while holding hands and suddenly lifts their legs. |
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`````````````FOREARM
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``````````````````
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name the Extrinsic muscle(s) of the hand
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Anterior compartment
Superficial and Deep of both Fexors and Pronators Posterior compartment Extensors and supinators |
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What are the general functions of muscles that are in the anterior compartment of the forearm?
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Function as flexors
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What are the general functions of muscles that are in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
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Function as extensors
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reguarding the abductor pollicis longus, state the origin, insertion, innervation,
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Origin: posterior radius and ulna
Insertion: base of thumb (at 1st metacarpal) Innervation: deep radial nerve |
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reguarding the abductor pollicis longus, state the action and arterial supply:
|
Action: abducts and extends thumb
Arterial Supply: |
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reguarding the Brachioradialis state the origin, insertion, innervation,
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Origin: humerus
Insertion: radius Innervation: radial nerve |
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reguarding the Brachioradialis state the action and arterial supply:
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Action: supinates (back to neutral)
Arterial Supply: radial artery |
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reguarding the extensor carpi radialis brevis, state the origin, insertion, innervation,
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Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus via common extensor tendon
Insertion: radial posterior hand Innervation: deep radial nerve |
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reguarding the extensor carpi radialis brevis, state the action and arterial supply:
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Action: extends and abducts hand at wrist joint (radial deviation)
Arterial Supply: radial artery |
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reguarding the extensor carpi radialis longus ,state the origin, insertion, innervation,
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Origin: distal humerus
Insertion: radial posterior hand hand at wrist joint (radial deviation) Innervation: radial nerve |
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reguarding the extensor carpi radialis longus, state the action and arterial supply:
|
Action: extends and abducts
Arterial Supply: radial artery |
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reguarding the extensor carpi ulnaris, state the origin, insertion, innervation,
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Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus via common extensor tendon
Insertion: ulnar posterior hand Innervation: deep radial nerve |
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reguarding the extensor carpi ulnaris, state the action and arterial supply:
|
Action: extends and adducts hand at wrist joint (ulnar deviation)
Arterial Supply: ulnar artery |
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reguarding the extensor digiti minimi, state the origin, insertion, innervation,
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Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus via common extensor tendon
Insertion: phalanx of little finger Innervation: deep radial nerve |
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reguarding the extensor digiti minimi, state the action and arterial supply:
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Action: extends 5th digit
Arterial Supply: |
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reguarding the extensor digitorum, state the origin, insertion, innervation,
|
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus via common extensor tendon
Insertion: phalanges of digits 2 – 4 Innervation: deep radial nerve |
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reguarding the extensor digitorum, state the action and arterial supply:
|
Action: extends digits 2 – 4
Arterial Supply: |
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reguarding the extensor indicis, state the origin, insertion, innervation,
|
Origin: ulna
Insertion: index finger Innervation: deep radial nerve |
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reguarding the extensor indicis, state the action and arterial supply
|
Action: extends 2nd digit
Arterial Supply: |
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reguarding the extensor pollicis brevis, state the origin, insertion, innervation
|
Origin: posterior radius
Insertion: proximal phalanx of thumb Innervation: deep radial nerve |
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reguarding the extensor pollicis brevis, state the action and arterial supply
|
Action: extends thumb
Arterial Supply: |
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reguarding the extensor pollicis longus, state the origin, insertion, innervation
|
Origin: posterior ulna
Insertion: distal phalanx of thumb Innervation: deep radial nerve |
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reguarding the extensor pollicis longus, state the action and arterial supply:
|
Action: extends thumb
Arterial Supply: |
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reguarding the flexor carpi radialis, state the origin, insertion, innervation
|
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: radial anterior hand hand at wrist (radial deviation) Innervation: median nerve |
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reguarding the flexor carpi radialis, state the action and arterial supply:
|
Action: flexes and abducts
Arterial Supply: |
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reguarding the flexor carpi ulnaris, state the origin, insertion, innervation
|
Origin
Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon Ulnar head: Insertion: ulnar anterior hand and at wrist (ulnar deviation) Innervation: ulnar nerve |
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reguarding the flexor carpi ulnaris, state the action and arterial supply:
|
Action: flexes and adducts
Arterial Supply: ulnar artery |
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reguarding the flexor digitorum profundus, state the origin, insertion, innervation
|
Origin: ulna
Insertion: anterior surface of digits 2 – 5 (distal phalanx of digits 2 – 5) Innervation: median and ulnar nerves |
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reguarding the flexor digitorum profundus, state the action and arterial supply:
|
Action: flexes fingers
Arterial Supply: ulnar artery |
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reguarding the flexor digitorum superficialis, state the origin, insertion, innervation,
|
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus via common flexor tendon
Insertion: anterior surface of the middle phalanges of the fingers (digits 2 – 5) Innervation: median nerve |
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reguarding the flexor digitorum superficialis, state the action and arterial supply:
|
Action: flexes fingers, flexes hand at wrist
Arterial Supply: |
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reguarding the flexor pollicis longus, state the origin, insertion, innervation,
|
Origin: radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: distil phalanx of thumb Innervation: median nerve |
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reguarding the flexor pollicis longus, state the action and arterial supply:
|
Action: flexes distal phalanx of thumb
Arterial Supply: ulnar artery |
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reguarding the palmaris longus, state the origin, insertion, innervation,
|
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus via the common flexor tendon
Insertion: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis Innervation: median nerve |
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reguarding the palmaris longus, state the action and arterial supply:
|
Action: flexes hand at wrist
Arterial Supply: ulnar artery |
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list the muscles in the Superficial Posterior compartment of the forearm
|
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris |
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list the muscles in the Deep Posterior compartment of the forearm
|
Supinator (covered separately with pronators and supinators)
Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis |
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list the muscles in the Deep Anterior compartment of the forearm
|
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus Pronator quadratus |
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list the muscles in the Superficial Anterior compartment of the forearm
|
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis |
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In what compartment are pronators found?
|
Anterior
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In what compartment are supinators found?
|
Posterior
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Describe the test for ability to flex the distal interphalangeal joint.
What muscle does this test? |
Hold middle phalanx and ask patient to felx tip of finger.
Flexor Digitorum Profundus |
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What nerve does this test when applied to the second and third digits?
|
Median nerve
|
|
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What nerve does this test when applied to the fourth and fifth digits?
|
Ulnar nerve
|
|
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reguarding the Pronator quadratus, state the origin, insertion, innervation
|
Origin: ulna
Insertion: radius Innervation: median nerve |
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reguarding the Pronator quadratus, state the action and arterial supply:
|
Action: pronates forearm at radioulnar joint
Arterial Supply: |
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reguarding the pronator teres, state the origin, insertion, innervation
|
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: radius Innervation: median nerve |
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reguarding the pronator teres, state the action and arterial supply:
|
Action: pronates forearm (at elbow)
Arterial Supply: ulnar artery |
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reguarding the supinator, state the origin, insertion, innervation
|
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: radius Innervation: radial nerve |
|
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reguarding the supinator, state the action and arterial supply:
|
Action: supinates forearm (at elbow)
Arterial Supply: radial artery |
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|
`````````````WRIST AND HAND
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```````````````````
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the extensor tendons rising up, is prevented by the retinacula
|
Bowstring
|
|
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results from any lesion that significantly reduces the size of the carpal tunnel; Swelling of the tendons of their synovial sheaths can be caused by: Fluid retention, infection, Excessive exercise of the fingers
|
Carpal tunnel syndrome
|
|
|
(diminished sensation) or anesthesia (loss of sensation) may occur in those areas supplied; can be caused by carpal tunnel syndrome
|
Hypothenar compartment
|
|
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the protrusion on the medial side of the palm that is made up of the bellies of the Hypothenar muscles
|
Hypothenar eminence
|
|
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a thickening of the fascia anteriorly and posteriorly; prevents bowstringing
|
Retinaculum
|
|
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move the thumb; innervated by the median nerve; comprised of these muscles: Abductor pollicis brevis , Flexor pollicis brevis and Opponens pollicis
|
Thenar compartment
|
|
|
the protrusion on the later side of the palm that is made up of the bellies of the thenar muscles.
|
Thenar eminence
|
|
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What tendon is found within the Y-shaped split of the flexor retinaculum?
|
Tendon of the flexor carpi radialis
|
|
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What structure forms the anterior wall of the carpal tunnel?
|
Flexor retinaculum
|
|
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What forms the posterior wall of the carpal tunnel?
|
Carpal bones
|
|
|
list the structures that are within the carpal tunnel
|
- flexor pollicis longus
- flexor digitorum superficialis - flexor digitorum profundus muscles. - And the median nerve |
|
|
Which digits of the hand are supplied by the terminal sensory branches of the median nerve?
|
The lateral 3 and ½ digits (1,2,3 and ½ of 4 )
|
|
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What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?
|
Results from any lesion that significantly reduces the size of the carpal tunnel
|
|
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What nerve is involved?
|
Median nerve is the most sensitive structure in the carpal tunnel, and is therefore most affected
|
|
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What specific portion of the nerve that is generally involved with carpal tunnel syndrome is in fact not involved, and why is it not?
|
The palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve arises proximal to the carpal tunnel and does not pass through it, so sensation in the central palm remains unaffected
|
|
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Which digits of the hand exhibit hypoesthesia or anesthesia with carpal tunnel syndrome? Which digits do not?
|
The lateral three and one-half digits (thumb and fingers in the middle)
The medial 1 and ½ |
|
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Does the palm of the hand exhibit hypoesthesia or anesthesia with carpal tunnel syndrome?
|
Yes, it is supplied by the same median nerve
|
|
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What nerve running through the wrist is not involved with carpal tunnel syndrome?
|
Ulnar nerve
|
|
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Describe the manifestations of carpal tunnel syndrome regarding: cutaneous sensation
|
Hypoesthesia (diminished sensation) or anesthesia (loss of sensation) may occur in those areas supplied
|
|
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Describe the manifestations of carpal tunnel syndrome regarding:motor (muscle) function
|
Persons with median nerve compression are unable to oppose the thumb; can result in progressive loss of coordination and strength in the thumb
|
|
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Name the muscles of the thenar compartment
|
Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis
Controls the Thumb |
|
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Name the muscles of the hypothenar compartment
|
Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis Opponens digiti minimi Controls the Little finger
|
|
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reguarding the abductor pollicis brevis, state the origin, insertion, innervation,
|
Origin: flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, and trapezium
Insertion: lateral side of proximal phalanx of thumb Innervation: median nerve |
|
|
reguarding the abductor pollicis brevis, state the action and arterial supply:
|
Action: abducts thumb
Arterial Supply: radial artery |
|
|
reguarding the flexor pollicis brevis, state the origin, insertion, innervation,
|
Origin: flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, and trapezium
Innervation: lateral side of proximal phalanx of thumb Innervation: median and ulnar nerves |
|
|
reguarding the flexor pollicis brevis, state the action and arterial supply:
|
Action: flexes thumb
Arterial Supply: radial artery |
|
|
reguarding the opponens pollicis. state the origin, insertion, innervation,
|
Origin: flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, and trapezium
Insertion: lateral 1st metacarpal Innervation: median nerve |
|
|
reguarding the opponens pollicis. state the action and arterial supply:
|
Action: draws 1st metacarpal medially to oppose little finger toward center of palm
Arterial Supply: radial artery |
|
|
reguarding the adductor pollicis, state the origin, insertion, innervation
|
Origin: metacarpals
Insertion: medial side of proximal phalanx of thumb Innervation: ulnar nerve |
|
|
reguarding the adductor pollicis, state the action and arterial supply
|
Action: draws 1st metacarpal medially toward center
of palm (adducts thumb) Arterial Supply: radial artery |
|
|
reguarding the abductor digiti minimi, state the origin, insertion, innervation
|
Origin: pisiform
Insertion: medial side of proximal phalanx of little finger Innervation: ulnar nerve0 |
|
|
reguarding the abductor digiti minimi, state the action and arterial supply
|
Action: Abducts little (5th) finger
Arterial Supply: ulnar artery |
|
|
reguarding the flexor digiti minimi brevis, state the origin, insertion, innervation
|
Origin: flexor retinaculum and hamate
Insertion: medial side of proximal phalanx of little finger |
|
|
reguarding the flexor digiti minimi brevis, state the action and arterial supply
|
Action: flexes little (5th) finger
Innervation: ulnar nerve Arterial Supply: ulnar artery |
|
|
reguarding the opponens digiti minimi, state the origin, insertion, innervation
|
Origin: flexor retinaculum and hamate
Insertion: medial 5th metacarpal Innervation: ulnar nerve |
|
|
reguarding the opponens digiti minimi, state the action and arterial supply
|
Action: draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb
Arterial Supply: ulnar artery |
|
|
reguarding the dorsal interossei, state the origin, insertion, innervation
|
Origin: metacarpals
Insertion: proximal phalanges Innervation: ulnar nerve |
|
|
reguarding the dorsal interossei, state the action and arterial supply
|
Action: abduct digits; extend fingers
Arterial Supply: |
|
|
reguarding the lumbricals, tate the origin, insertion, innervations
|
Origin: flexor digitorum profundus
Insertion: extensor expansion Innervation: ulnar nerve and median nerve |
|
|
reguarding the lumbricals, tate the action and arterial supply
|
Action: flex the digits at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints
Arterial Supply |
|
|
reguarding the palmar interossei. state the origin, insertion, innervations
|
Origin: palmar surfaces of metacarpals
Insertion: proximal phalanges 2, 4, 5 Innervation: ulnar nerve |
|
|
reguarding the palmar interossei. state the action and arterial supply
|
Action: adducts and flexes fingers
Arterial Supply: |
|
|
Describe the general anatomical location of the snuff box
|
on the lateral side, superior to thumb around level of wrist
|
|
|
What arteries form the deep palmar arch?
|
Deep branch of the Ulnar artery
|
|
|
Describe the contents of the snuff box
|
– The radial artery lies in its floor, The radial styloid process and base of the first metacarpal can be palpated in it, The scaphoid and trapezium can be felt in its floor
|
|
|
Describe the specific tendons comprising the boundary of the snuff box
|
tendons of the abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and extensor pollicis longus
|
|
|
What arteries furnish blood supply to the hand?
|
branches of the ulnar and radial arteries
|
|
|
What arteries form the superficial palmar arch?
|
superficial branch of the ulnar artery
|
