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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acid
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A species that is a proton donor
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Alkali
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A type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions, OH-(aq) ions
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Amount of substance
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The quantity whose unit of the mole. Chemists use 'amount of substance' as a means of counting atoms
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Anion
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A negatively charged ion
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Atomic orbital
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A region within an atom that can hold up to two electrons, with opposite spins
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Avogadro constant, NA
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The number of atoms per mole of the carbon-12 isotopes (6.02 x 10^23 mole^-1)
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Base
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A species that is a proton acceptor
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Catalyst
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A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the process
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Cation
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A positively charged ion
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Dative covalent
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A shared pair of electrons which has been provided by one of the bonding atoms only; also called a coordinate bond
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Delocalised electrons
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Electrons that are shared between more than two atoms
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Disproportionation
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The oxidation and reduction of the same element in a redox reaction
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Electronegativity
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A measure of the attraction f a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond
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Electron shielding
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The repulsion between electrons in different inner shells. Shielding reduces the net attractive force from the positive nucleus on the outer-shell electrons
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Empirical formula
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The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound
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Hydrolysis
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A reaction with water or aqueous hydroxide ions that breaks a chemical compound into two compounds
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First ionisation energy
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The energy requires to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of atoms in the gaseous sate
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Isotopes
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Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses
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Lone pair
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An outer-shell pair of electrons that is not involved in chemical bonding
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Molar mass, M
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The mass mole of a substance. The units of molar mass are g mol^-1
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Mole
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The amount of any substance containing as many particles as there are carbon atoms in exactly 12g of the carbon-12 isotopes
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Molecular formula
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The number of atoms of each element in a molecule
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Monomer
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A small molecule that combines with many other monomers to form a polymer
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Oxidation
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Loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation number
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Oxidation number
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A measure of the number of electrons that an atom uses to bond with atoms of another element. Oxidation numbers are derived from a set of rules
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Polymer
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A long molecular chain built up from monomer units
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Principal quantum number, n
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A number representing the relative overall energy of each orbital, which increases with distance from the nucleus. The sets of orbitals with the same n value are referred to as electron shells or energy levels
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Redox reaction
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A reaction in which both reduction and oxidation take place
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Reduction
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Gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation number
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Relative atom imass, Ar
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The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with one-twelfth of the mass ofa n atom of carbon-12
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relative formula mass
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The weighted mean mass of a formula unit compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-2
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Relative isotopic mass
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The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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Relative molecular Mass, Mr
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The weighted mean mass of a molecule compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
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Saturated hydrocarbon
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A hydrocarbon with single bonds only
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Stoichiometry
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The molar relationship between the relative quantaties of substances taking part in a reaction
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Structural formula
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A formula showing the minimal detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
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Sub-shell
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A group of the same type of atomic orbitals (s, p, d or f) within a shell
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van der Walls' forces
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Very weak attractive forces between induced dipoles in neighbouring molecules
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Water of crystallisation
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Water molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a compound
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