A History Of Western Civilization: Chapter 3&4 Test.

Front 1

Milesian

Back 1

First school of philosophy: Very materialistic, wasn't religious or spiritual, early evolutionary theory, each member came up with their theory of what the universe is made up of

Front 2

Pythagorean

Back 2

Believe in dualism (material and spiritual world), believed the universe was made up of one thing which was numbers, he thought the philosophical life was the best you could be, he was an abstract thinker,

Front 3

Atomist

Back 3

Believe everything is made up of atoms, deny spirituality completely

Front 4

Sophist

Back 4

fifth century, all of our knowledge comes from our five senses, there are no absolutes, sophist means those who are wise, rock star philosophers

Front 5

Socrates

Back 5

The reason he got into philosophy was because he wants to refute the sophists. Argued that you get truth through discussion. Created the Socratic method (answer question with question) Socrates didn't write much

Front 6

Plato

Back 6

Fighting against the sophists, is Socrates student, tells us what we know about Socrates. Writes dialogues, one called the Republic. Mystical absolute. There is the materialistic world, but there is also the spiritual ideal world. Opened school called the Academy.

Front 7

Aristotle

Back 7

Platos student. Fighting against the sophists. Wrote more than plato and he wrote on more topics. FATHER OF BIOLOGY. believed the soul and body die together. Opened a school called the lyceum.

Front 8

The Golden Mean

Back 8

Nothing in excess, you must keep a balance.

Front 9

Hippocrates of Cos

Back 9

Father of medicine. Humoral theory. Clinician. Recognized the need for rest and proper diet.

Front 10

Four Humors

Back 10

Yellow bile, black bile, blood, phlegm

Front 11

Herodotus

Back 11

Father of History. Coined the phrase "gift of the nile." Writes a history of the Persian war but he doesn't use primary sources, he uses hearsay.

Front 12

Thucydides

Back 12

Father of scientific history. Younger than herodotus. He writes about the Peloponnesian War. He uses the primary source. He only writes about war and politics

Front 13

Homer

Back 13

Wrote epic poems, Iliad and odyssey. We don't know who Homer is, we just know the product.

Front 14

Dianasis

Back 14

God of Wine and Revelry: they celebrated him in a five day festival. They have a big procession, sacrifice a bull, they'd have a playwright competition, a jury would decide who could present. Five comedies (2nd day), 3rd, 4th and 5th days were the tragedies. Choruses would present the plays.

Front 15

Aeschylus

Back 15

Father of tragedy: he invented actors. Pulls them out of chorus and gives them lines. The themes of his plays are Hubris and Nemesis. Excessive pride, punishment, flaws, challenging fate.

Front 16

Sophocles

Back 16

THE OEDIPUS PROBLEM. HUBRIS. YA KNOW THE STORY.

Front 17

Euripides

Back 17

Driven by psychology and the human condition. His most famous work is Medea. Madea and Jason looks for the golden fleece, finds it. Jason dumps madea. Madea decides to take it out on jason. She kills their sons.

Front 18

Heinrich Schliemann

Back 18

His work lent weight to the idea that Homer's Iliad and Virgil's Aeneid reflect actual historical events. Schliemann's excavation of nine levels of archaeological remains with dynamite has been criticized as destructive of significant historical artifacts, including the level that is believed to be the historical Troy.

Front 19

Linear B

Back 19

Linear B is a syllabic script that was used for writing Mycenaean Greek, the earliest attested language form of Greek. The script predates the Greek alphabet by several centuries.

Front 20

Basileus

Back 20

Leader, not king. Take over commanding defense. Some religious responsibility.

Front 21

Helot

Back 21

People who work the land. Have no rights.

Front 22

Perioeci

Back 22

DWELLERS AROUND - Not Spartiates or helots - They were foriegners - did manufacturing and trading - THEY WERE THE MOST FREE