A And P Ch. 7 Pg 2 And 3 Of Notes

Front 1

what are the factors affecting bone development, growth and repair?

Back 1

nutrition; vitamen a d and c; growth hormone;thyroid harmone; thyroid hormone; hormones; physical stress; sun exposure

Front 2

what does vitamen d do?

Back 2

absorbs calcium

Front 3

lack of calcium in children?
adults?

Back 3

rickets
osteomala

Front 4

to little g.h. in children?
to much g.h. in children?
to much g.h. in adulds?

Back 4

dwarfism
giantism
acromegaly

Front 5

what can to much thyroid harmone do?

Back 5

stunt your growth

Front 6

what happens with sun exposure and liver work together?

Back 6

produce dehydrochelosterol and when it comes into contact w sun and makes vitamen d which makes calcum which makes bones hard

Front 7

what is hematopoiesis?

Back 7

process by which blood cells are formed by red bone marrow in medullary cavity; when aged, turns into yellow marrow which is inactive

Front 8

what to inorganic salts do?

Back 8

provide ions + and -; Ca ++ which give rigidity; forms bones; blood to clot; heart to beat; mus. contract; nerve impulse

Front 9

what is a fracture?

Back 9

break in a bone

Front 10

what is an incomplete fracture?

Back 10

hasnt gone completely through the bone

Front 11

simple?

Back 11

stays in skin no matter how broken bone is

Front 12

compound?

Back 12

broken and out of skin

Front 13

traumatic?

Back 13

caused by an accident

Front 14

pathologic?

Back 14

spontaneous (disease)

Front 15

what are the parts of a long bone?

Back 15

epiphysis; articular cartilage; diaphysis; periosteum; compact bone; spongy bone; trabeculae; medullary cavity; endosteum; marrow

Front 16

epiphysis-

Back 16

at each end of bone, articuales w another bone.

Front 17

what does articulate mean?

Back 17

form joint

Front 18

articular cartilage-

Back 18

the articulating portion of the epiphysis is covered by it

Front 19

diaphysis-

Back 19

the shaft of the bone between the epiphysis

Front 20

periosteum-

Back 20

vascular tough fibrous tissue that completely covers the bone except for the ends

Front 21

compact bone-

Back 21

tightly packed tissue in the wall of the diaphysis

Front 22

spongy bone-

Back 22

is what the epiphysis is largely composed of; aka cancellous bone; has trabeculae

Front 23

trabeculae-

Back 23

bone plates found in epiphysis that support ends of long bones that have alot of pressure

Front 24

medullary cavity-

Back 24

a semirigid tube formed by compact bone in the diaphysis; a hollow chamber that is continuous with the spaces of the spongy bone

Front 25

endosteum-

Back 25

a thin membrane containing gone forming cells

Front 26

marrow-

Back 26

type of soft connective tissue

Front 27

intramembranous bones-

Back 27

the broad flat bones of the skull

Front 28

osteoblasts-

Back 28

bone forming cells that deposit bony matris around themselves

Front 29

what is intramembranous ossification?

Back 29

the process of replacing connective tissue to form an intramembranous bone

Front 30

what is endobhondral ossification?

Back 30

the process of forming an endochondral bone by the replacement of hyaline cartilage

Front 31

what is a green stick fracture?

Back 31

an incomplete and the break occurs on the convex surface of the bend in the bone

Front 32

fissured?

Back 32

involves an incomplets longitudinal break

Front 33

comminuted?

Back 33

complete and fragments the bone

Front 34

transverse?

Back 34

complete and the break occurs at a right angle to the axis of the bone

Front 35

oblique?

Back 35

occurs at an angle other than a right angle to the axis of the bone

Front 36

spiral?

Back 36

is cause by twisting a bone excessively

Front 37

what is osteoporosis?

Back 37

when the skeletal system loses bone volume and mineral content and trabeculae so the bones develop spaces and canals which enlarge and fill eith fibrous and fatty tissues.

Front 38

what increase the risk of osteoporosis?

Back 38

low intake of dietary calcium and lack of physical exercise; drinking alcohol; smoking; genes

Front 39

what develop it?

Back 39

declining levels of estrogen

Front 40

what is the axial skeleton composed of?

Back 40

skull; ossicles; hyoid; vertebreal column; thoracic cage

Front 41

appendicular skeleton?

Back 41

pectorial girdle; upper limbs; pelvic girdle; lower limbs

Front 42

pectorial girdle?

Back 42

scapula 2, clavicle 2

Front 43

upper limbs

Back 43

humerous 2; radius 2; ulna 2; carpal 16; metacarpal 10; phalanx 28

Front 44

pelvic girdle

Back 44

coxal 2

Front 45

lower limbs

Back 45

femur 2; patella 2; tibia 2; fibula 2; tarsal 14; matatarsal 10; phalanx 28

Front 46

condyle-

Back 46

a rounded process that usually articulates w another bone

Front 47

fontanel-

Back 47

a soft spot in the skull where membranes cover the space between bones

Front 48

foramen

Back 48

an opening through a bone that usually serves as a passageway for blood vessels nerves or ligaments

Front 49

fossa

Back 49

a deep pit or depression

Front 50

linea

Back 50

a narrow ridge

Front 51

meatus

Back 51

a tubelike passageway within a bone

Front 52

process

Back 52

a prominent projection on a bone

Front 53

sinus

Back 53

a cavity within a bone

Front 54

suture

Back 54

an interlocking line of union between bones

Front 55

trochanter

Back 55

a relatively large process

Front 56

tuberosity

Back 56

a knoblike process usually larger than a tuberle

Front 57

what are the disorders of the vertebral column?

Back 57

herniated disk, kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis

Front 58

herniated disc-

Back 58

ruptured or slipped disc

Front 59

kyphosis-

Back 59

exaggerated thoracic curve; hunchback poor posture

Front 60

lordosis-

Back 60

an exaggerated lumbar curve; swayback

Front 61

scoliosis

Back 61

abnormal lateral curve, one hib lower than the other; cause unknown

Front 62

polydactyle

Back 62

common among amish ppl; brought by a male cat; its a person with extra digets

Front 63

diff. in male and female skeletal

Back 63

female iliac bones are more flared then males; f. hips are broader; f. pubic arch is greater, more distance between the ischial spines and the ischial tuberositires; f. pelvic cavity is usually wider; female pelvis are usually lighter and more delicate and show less evidence of muscle attachments