Sociology

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Critical Sociology (Karl's Marx)

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Emphasizes the need for social change

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Positivist sociology (Durkheim)

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Studies society scientific observation of social behavior

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Social solidarity (Durkheim)

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Moral consequences of Division of Labor (how ppl bond together)

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Verstehen (Max Weber)

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Soc should discover the meanings that people attribute to their actions

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Double consciousness

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Must always view themselves through the eyes of dominant group (whites)

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Anomie

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Condition in which society or provides little moral guidance to individuals due to rapid society change

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Individualiztion

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Historical trend towards the separation of individuals from communal and traditional ties

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Sociological imagination

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Sociology

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Study of human society and social behavior

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Macrosociology

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Institutional questions (large scale) Ex. Why does the rate of violent crime go up or down?

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Microsociology

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Interpersonal question (small scale ) Ex. What do you say to someone?

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Quantitative

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Uses data that can be converted into numbers (surveys, experiment)

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Qualitative

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Data that cannot easily be converted to numbers (observations, informal interviews)

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Causality

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Hint 14

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Variable

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A concept or attribute whose value changes from person to person

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Goal of social research

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To establish the relationship between variables

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Independent variable

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Factor that is predicted to cause change

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Dependent variable

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Factor that is changed by the independent variable

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Operationalizing

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Means to define it in a way that makes it measurable

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Reliability

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Consistency in measurement

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Validity

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Measuring exactly what u want to measure (Ex: religiosity)

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Reflexivity

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Awareness of how a researcher influences what's going on in a study (esp. In ethnography)

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Ethnography

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Observing people in their own environment in order to understand the meanings they attribute to their activities

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Socialization

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The process of learning and internalizing the values, beliefs, and norms of our society

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Self (George Herbert mead)

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The self is created through social interaction and role taking)

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Resocialization

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Learning new norms as we get older

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Ascribed status

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One we are bron with (sex, race)

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Achieved status

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One we have earned through individual effort (college grad)

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Master status

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A status that is often considered more important than all others (Ex. Being unemployed)

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Dramaturgy (Erving Goffman)

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Compared social life to theater.

In social life, we must perform roles (Like theater )

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Front stage

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The observable aspects of our "performance" as we manage impressions

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Back stage

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Where we rehearse out roles, or conceal informations