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18 Cards in this Set

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Anasazi
Important culture of what is now the southwest of the United States (1000-1300 CE). Centered on Chaco Canyon in New Mexico and Mesa Verde in Colorado, the Anasazi culture built multistory residences and worshipped in subterranean buildings called kivas.
Ayllu
Andean lineage group of kin-based community.
Aztecs
Also known as Mexica, the Aztecs created a powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 CE). They forced defeated peoples to provide goods and labor as a tax.
Chiefdom
Form of political organization with rule by a hereditary leader who held power over a collection of villages and towns. Less powerful than kingdoms and empires, chiefdoms were based on gift giving and commercial links.
Chimu
Powerful Peruvian civilization based on conquests. Located in the region earlier dominated by Moche. Conquered by Inca in 1465.
Chinampas
Raised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields.
Inca
Largest and most powerful Andean empire. Controlled the Pacific coast of South America from Ecuador to Chile from its capital of Cuzco.
Khipu
System of knotted colored cords used by preliterate Andean peoples to transmit information.
Maya
Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendars.
Mit'a
Andean labor system based on shared obligations to help kinsmen and work on behalf of the ruler and religious organizations.
Moche
Civilization of north coast of Peru (200-700 CE). An important Andean civilization that built extensive irrigation networks as well as impressive urban centers dominated by brick temples.
Tenochtitlan
Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins.
Teotihuacan
A powerful city-state in central Mexico (100-75 CE). Its population was about 150,000 at its peak in 600.
Tiwanaku
Name of capital city and empire centered on the region near Lake Titicaca in modern Bolivia (375-1000 CE).
Toltecs
Powerful postclassic empire in central Mexico (900-1168 CE). It influenced much of Mesoamerica. Aztecs claimed ties to this earlier civilization.
Tribute system
A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. An important component of the Aztec and Inca economies.
Wari
Andean civilization culturally linked to Tiwanaku, perhaps beginning as colony of Tiwanaku.
Acllas
Women selected by Inca authorities to serve in religious centers as weavers and ritual participants.