9Th Grade Bio

Front 1

heterotrophs

Back 1

do not make thier own food

Front 2

saprobes

Back 2

get nutrients from non living organic matter like from soil

Front 3

parasites

Back 3

get nutrients from living organic matter like plants

Front 4

budding

Back 4

asexual reporduction, similar to bionarry fission

Front 5

zygomycetes

Back 5

fungi, not good to eat or digest
ex.rhizopus stolinifer. looks like dafodills

Front 6

ascomycetes

Back 6

sac fungi used for food production. aka. sacharomycetes
ex- penecillon, aspergillus (soy sauce)

Front 7

basidiomycetes

Back 7

club fungi, mushrooms, only one we can eat
ex. agaricus brunnescens

Front 8

spores

Back 8

aswxual cell (divides by itself) or can reproduce with annother cell (like a gamete)
like seeds

Front 9

Mycelia

Back 9

when the spores come together and it grows, like the roots, just adult spores

Front 10

Hyphae

Back 10

cells that braqnch off from mycelia, tubular cells, compounds together to make mycelia

Front 11

Basidiospores

Back 11

spores of basidiomytes HALPOID n

Front 12

haploid mycelia

Back 12

the mycelium that has only one neuculous, mate if compatible

Front 13

compatible mating strain

Back 13

in cytoplasmic fusion where haploid mating strains are compatible and fuse together

Front 14

dikaryotic mycelium

Back 14

diploid (2n) after the compatible mating strains fuse together

Front 15

basidiomycota life cycle

Back 15

-both sexual and asexual
-(n+n) forms at the gills
-goes through neuclear fusion and trusn diploid (2n)
-goes through meosis and is haploid (n)
-the spores are relased

Front 16

Zygospore

Back 16

DIPLOID (2n)

Front 17

Zygosporangium

Back 17

protective membrane around zygospore

Front 18

Positive mating strain/negative mating strain

Back 18

two strains of opposit charges are attracted to each other

Front 19

Zycomycota Life Cycle

Back 19

two compatible hypha joi together and form a young zygospore (n)
-neruclear fusion makes it diploid and a mature zygospore
-than through meiosis it become haploid again
- the spores are released and germinate to form mycelia

Front 20

lichens

Back 20

fungus + photosymthetic organism
- live togetehr closely
- mutalism, both benefit
- fungi helps it absorb nutrients while fungi gets some sugar

Front 21

The three types of animal-like protists

Back 21

Amoebiod, ciliated, flagellates

Front 22

Mycorrhizae

Back 22

fungi attaching to a plant or tree root
fungi gets sugar while the plant gets help absorbing nutrients
most plants and trees need the fungi to grow

Front 23

protist differ from Prokaryots

Back 23

have nucleous and organells
have chloroplasts
divide my meiosis and mitosis
have microtubuals and flagella

Front 24

protist charictarisitcs

Back 24

unicellular
autotrophic and heterotrophic (making own food)
microscopic cells-> seaweed

Front 25

water molds/slime molds

Back 25

protist
-aquatic saprobes
-some are parisites
-kill plants (plant pathogens)
-ex- potato mold
-produce extensive mycelia
-most like fungus
-can cause malaria (plasmodium)

Front 26

Amoebiod

Back 26

they are protists that change shape constantly
have Pseudopods (false feet)

Front 27

Ciliated

Back 27

ex- paramecium
goes through sexual reporduction (conjugation)

Front 28

Flagelllates (example)

Back 28

ex- trypanosome

Front 29

Sporozoans

Back 29

Parasitic
cause serious desieses
cryptosporidium through raw meat and cat fecies

Front 30

algae example

Back 30

euglenoids- not algea but they are photosynthetic

Front 31

unicellular algae

Back 31

-photosynthetic
golden, yellow green, diatoms, cocolithphores

Front 32

multicellualr algae

Back 32

mostly tropical
red, brown and green (green respembles plants)

Front 33

Charictarisitics of animals (7)

Back 33

-multicellular
-heterotrophic (don't make own food)
-eykarytos
-require oxygen
-reporduce sexually and asexually
-motile (moving) and one point
-develop from embryos

Front 34

radial symmetry

Back 34

cuts from the center like a circle

Front 35

gut

Back 35

reigion where food is digested and absrobed (like our stomach and small intestine)

Front 36

acoelomate

Back 36

has a gut cavity but no actual gut and no lining

Front 37

Pseudocoelomate

Back 37

fake gut, not lined

Front 38

celomate

Back 38

has a whole body cavity (coelem) and it is lined

Front 39

larval stage

Back 39

when sponges are motile (moving)

Front 40

Sponges

Back 40

-lower invertebrate
-no symmetry but sometimes radial
-acelomate (no gut)
-motile at larval
-take in oxygen and nutrients through pores
-AMOEBOID CELL GETS RID OF WASTE
-sexual

Front 41

nematocysts

Back 41

stuff that stings that Cindarians produce

Front 42

Cnidarian

Back 42

-lower invertebrate
-radial
-no gut (acelomate)
-produces nematocytes
-has NERVE NET to sense
-HYDROSTATIC SKELETON fills with water to keep shape
-sexual

Front 43

cnidarian exaples & shapes

Back 43

jelly fish (medusa)
corals (polyp)

Front 44

Cephalized

Back 44

have a body and head type of body organization

Front 45

hermaphrodites

Back 45

have both sexual parts but during reporduction- serve as only one type

Front 46

Platyhelminthes

Back 46

- Flatworms
-bilateral
-acoelomate (no gut)
-cephalized
-hermaphrodite
-can be cut in half and survive

Front 47

Examples of Platyhelminthes

Back 47

tapeworm and flukes- parasidic

Front 48

Nematodes

Back 48

-invertebrate
-round worm
-bilateral
-pshudocylomate gut
-complete digestive system
-can burrow in your body
cause heart worm in dogs

Front 49

Exaple of Nematodes

Back 49

ascarid

Front 50

what does it mean to be round?

Back 50

they have room to form a (kinda) real gut (but not quite)

Front 51

Charictaristics of higher invertebrates (2)

Back 51

- all evolved from celomate roundworms
-have a body cavity (true gut)

Front 52

mantle

Back 52

fleshy thing under the shell that helps to make the shell

Front 53

radul

Back 53

used for shredding food

Front 54

mollusk

Back 54

-higher invertebrate
-bilateral
-have shell and soft body
-a fleshy foot
-mantle and radula

Front 55

exaples of Mollusc

Back 55

octopus, snail, clams, oysters, muscels, cuttle fish, squid

Front 56

setae

Back 56

bistles to hear

Front 57

crop and gizzard

Back 57

an annalids gut

Front 58

annelids

Back 58

-higher invertebrates
-bilateral
-segemented body (like the ridges on a worm)
-setae
-crop and gizzard

Front 59

exaple of an annelid

Back 59

earthworm

Front 60

cephalothorax

Back 60

head and body fused together

Front 61

arthopods

Back 61

- have the biggest number of species
-harder outer skeleton
-jointed appendages (arms and legs)
-respritory structures
-specialised sensory sturucture
-division of labor

Front 62

examples of Arthopods (4 groups and more examples)

Back 62

Trilobites- extinct
chelicerate- spiders, mites, scorpions
crostaceans- crabs, shrimp, barnicals, lobsters, crayfish
uniramians- insectes, centepides, milipides

Front 63

chelicerates

Back 63

-spides, socrpions...
-originated on sea but now on land
MALPHIGHIAN TUBULET- helps to absrob oxygen

Front 64

crustaceans

Back 64

marine habitiat

Front 65

echinoderms

Back 65

-radial BUT bilateral features
-most marine
-body wall has spines or plates of calcium carbonate
-no brain
-DEUTEROSTOMES- how they divide cells from embryos
-water vascular system

Front 66

examples of echinoderms

Back 66

sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sand dollars.

Front 67

exaples of simple chordates

Back 67

tunicit (urochordata)
lancelete (cephalochordata)

Front 68

Notochord

Back 68

what supports chordate body
-will develop into vertebrate

Front 69

dorsal nerve cord

Back 69

nervous system
develops into spinal cord

Front 70

pharynx

Back 70

gills

Front 71

chordate charictaristics

Back 71

have notocord
-have a dorsal nerve cord
-embryos have pharynx
-embryos have tail that extends past anus

Front 72

amnion

Back 72

sac that surrounds the embryo fluid and embryo

Front 73

amnionic cavity

Back 73

space or fluid between the amnion and embryo

Front 74

allantois

Back 74

collects waste
part of the ambillicol cord

Front 75

chorion

Back 75

shell that gikds everything else together ONLY IN BRIDS

Front 76

bird yolk sac

Back 76

keeps nutrients

Front 77

mammal yolk sac

Back 77

VESTIGAL because we dont use it
-we use the ambilicoll cord

Front 78

Mammal reproduction

Back 78

monotremes (platapus)
Placental (humans)
Marsupials (kangaroos)

Front 79

Agnathans

Back 79

-fish with no jaws
-ectotherm
-2 heart chambers
-scales as covering
-cartilage skeleton

Front 80

Agnathans example

Back 80

lamprey
hagfish

Front 81

Chondrichthyes

Back 81

-fish with jaws
-ectotherm
-2 heart chambers
-scales as covering
-cartilage skeleton

Front 82

chondrichthyes ex

Back 82

sharks
skates
rays

Front 83

osteichthyes

Back 83

-fish
-ecto
-scales
-BONE

Front 84

osteichthyes example

Back 84

trout
haddock
catfish

Front 85

Amphibians

Back 85

-ecto
-3 HEART chambers
-bone

Front 86

amphibians exaples

Back 86

salamanders
frogs
toads
caecilians

Front 87

reptiles

Back 87

-ecto
-3 heart chambers (4 for crocodiles)
- scales
-bone

Front 88

reptiles example

Back 88

turtles
snakes
lizzards
crocodiles
alligators

Front 89

aves

Back 89

-birds
-ENDO
-4 heart chambers
-covered in feathers
-bone

Front 90

aves examples

Back 90

flightless birds
birds of prey
water birds

Front 91

mammals

Back 91

-endo
-4 heart chambers
-HAIR/FUR
-bone

Front 92

mammal examples

Back 92

-monotremes
-marsupials
-placentals

Front 93

placodermi

Back 93

-jawed armored fish
EXTINCT