9. Vascular Disorders

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Type II hyperlipoproteinemia:

Back 1

increase LDL due to decrease in LDL receptors

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Type III hyperlipoproteinemia:

Back 2

deficiency apoE; increase remnants

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Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia:

Back 3

increase VLDL; most common lipid disorder

Front 4

C-reactive protein:

Back 4

excellent marker of disrupted fibrous plaques

Front 5

Abdominal aorta:

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most common site for atherosclerosis

Front 6

Aortic arch aneurysm:

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tertiary syphilis; vasculitis of vasa vasorum

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Angiomyolipoma:

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Kidney hamartoma composed of blood vessels, muscle, and mature adipose tissue. Association with tuberous sclerosis

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Angiosarcoma:

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Liver angiosarcoma associated with exposure to polyvinyl chloride, arsenic, thorium dioxide

Front 9

Bacillary angiomatosis:

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Benign capillary proliferation involving skin and visceral organs in AIDS patients. Stimulates Kaposi sarcoma in AIDS. Caused by Bartonella henselae, a gram-negative bacillus

Front 10

Capillary hemangioma:

Back 10

Facial lesion in newborns that regresses with age

Front 11

Cavernous hemangioma:

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Most common benign tumor of liver and spleen. May rupture if large

Front 12

Cystic hygroma:

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Lymphangioma in the neck associated with Turner's syndrome

Front 13

Glomus tumor:

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Derive from arteriovenous shunts in glomus bodies. Painful red subungual nodule in a digit

Front 14

Hereditary telangiectasia (AD):

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Dilated vessels on skin and mucous membranes in mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Chronic iron deficiency anemia

Front 15

Kaposi sarcoma:

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Malignant tumor arising from endothelial cells or primitive mesenchymal cells. Associated with human herpesvirus type 8. Raised, red-purple discoloration that progresses from a flat lesion to a plaque to a nodule that ulcerates. Common site include skin, mouth, and gastrointestinal tract

Front 16

Lymphangiosarcoma:

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Malignancy of lymphatic vessels. Arises out of longstanding chronic lymphedema after modified radical mastectomy

Front 17

Pyogenic granuloma:

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Vascular, red pedunculated mass that ulcerates and bleeds easily. Post-traumatic or associated with pregnancy (relation to estrogen); usually regress postpartum

Front 18

Spider telangiectasia:

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Arteriovenous fistula (disappears when compressed). Associated with hyperestrinism (e.g. cirrhosis, pregnancy physiologic)

Front 19

Sturge-Weber syndrome:

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Nevus flammeus ("birthmark") on face in distribution of ophthalmic branch of cranial nerve V (trigeminal). Ipsilateral malformation of pia mater vessels overlying occipital and parietal lobes

Front 20

Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (AD):

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Cavernous hemangiomas in cerebellum and retina. Increased indicence of pheochromacytoma and bilateral renal cell carcinomas

Front 21

Takayasu's arteritis ("pulseless disease"):

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Granulomatous large vessel vasculitis involving aortic arch vessels (blocks). Absent upper extremity pulse, visual defects, stroke

Front 22

Giant cell (temporal) arteritis:

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Granulomatous large vessel vasculitis involving superficial temporal and ophthalmic arteries. Temporal headache, jaw claudication, Blindness, Polymyalgia rheumatica (muscle and joint pain)

Front 23

Polyarteritis nodosa:

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Necrotizing medium-sized vessel vasculitis. HBsAg (30%) Chronic Hep B. Focal vasculitis produces aneurysms; Organ infarction in kidneys (hematuma), heart, bowels, skin.

Front 24

Kawasaki disease:

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Necotizing medium-sized vessel vasculitis involving coronary arteries. Desquamating rash, swelling of hands and feet, cervical adenopathy, oral erythema; Cortocosteroids contraindicated

Front 25

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease):

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Medium sized vessel vasculitis with digital vessel thrombosis (fingers/toes). Food claudation, Raynaud's phenomenon, ulceration, gangrene

Front 26

Raynaud's disease:

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Medium-sized vessel vasculitis involving digital vessels in fingers and toes. Paroxysmal digital color changes; Ulceration and gangrene in chronic cases

Front 27

Raynaud's phenomenon:

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Medium sized vessel vasculitis involving digital vessels in fingers and toes. Systemic sclerosis and CREST syndrome: digital vasculitis with vessel fibrosis, dystrophic calcification, ulceration, gangrene

Front 28

Wegener's granulomatosis:

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Necrotizing medium-sized and small vessel vasculitis. Necrotizing vasculitis in upper respiratory tract (saddle nose deform), lower respiratory tract, kidneys; Necrotizing granulomas in upper respiratory tract (saddle nose deformity), lungs c-ANCA

Front 29

Microscopic polyangiitis:

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small vessel vasculitis involving skin, lung, brain, GI tract, and postcapillary venules and glomerular capillaries. Same stage of inflammation; Palpable purpura, glomerulonephritis p-ANCA

Front 30

Churg-Strauss syndrome:

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small vessel vasculitis involving skin, lung, heart vessels. Allergic rhinitis, asthma; p-ANCA antibodies, eosinophilia

Front 31

Henoch-Schonlein purpura:

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Small vessel vasculitis involving skin, GI tract, renal, join vessels. IgA immunocomplexes. Palpable purpura of buttocks and lower extremeties; Polyarthritis, glomerulonephritis, GI bleeding

Front 32

Cryoglobulinemia:

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small vessel vasculitis involving skin, GI tract, renal vessels. Association with HCV, type I MPGN. Cryoglobulins: immunoglobulins; palpable purpura, acral cyanosis of nose and ears

Front 33

Serum Sickness:

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Small vessel vasculitis involving immunocomplex deposition in skin vessels. Fever, urticaria with vasculitis, arthralgia, GI pain with melena

Front 34

Infectious vasculitis:

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small vessel vasculitis involving skin vessels. Rocky Mountain spotted fever: tick Rickettsia rickettsiae; petechiae on palms spread to trunk; Disseminated meningococcemia; Capillary thrombosis