8Th Science - Chapter 20 - Solar System

Front 1

Geocentric

Back 1

THE BELIEF THAT THE EARTH IS AT THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE

Front 2

Ptolemy's Model

Back 2

About AD 140 - Geocentric, but with planets moving in small circles that move on bigger circles

Front 3

Heliocentric

Back 3

THE MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE WHERE THE EARTH AND OTHER PLANETS REVOLVE AROUND THE SUN

Front 4

Copernican Revolution

Back 4

1543- Copernicus was able to work out the arrangement of the known planets and how they move around the sun. Assumed the planets move in perfect circles.

Front 5

Galileo's Evidence

Back 5

Used the telescope to make discoveries that supported the heliocentric model. SAW 4 MOONS REVOLVING AROUND JUPITER AND OBSERVED VENUS WENT THROUGH A SERIES OF PHASES

Front 6

Tycho Brache's Observations

Back 6

Late 1500's: Made more careful observations and recorded the positions of the planets

Front 7

Kepler's Calculations

Back 7

Assistant of Brache, worked out that MARS'S ORBIT WAS ACTUALLY AN ELLIPSE, NOT A CIRCLE. Later found that all planets orbit in an elliptical path

Front 8

Ellipse

Back 8

AN OVAL LIKE SHAPE THAT MAY BE ELONGATED OR NEARLY CIRCULAR

Front 9

The Sun's core

Back 9

THE CENTRAL REGION OF THE SUN

Front 10

Nuclear fusion

Back 10

THE PROCESS IN WHICH HYDROGEN ATOMS JOIN TOGETHER TO FORM HELIUM. The total mass of helium is less than the mass of hydrogen, THE EXCESS MASS IS CHANGED TO ENERGY

Front 11

Radiation Zone

Back 11

THE MIDDLE LAYER WHERE ENERGY PRODUCED IN THE SUN'S CORE MOVES OUTWARD

Front 12

Convection Zone

Back 12

THE OUTERMOST LAYER. HOT GASES RISE FROM THE INTERIOR, GRADUALLY COOL AND THEN SINK FORMING LOOPS OF GAS THAT MOVE ENERGY

Front 13

The Photosphere

Back 13

THE INNER LAYER - "PHOTOS" MEANS LIGHT, THIS IS THE LAYER THAT PRODUCES VISIBLE LIGHT

Front 14

The Chromosphere

Back 14

THE MIDDLE LAYER-"CHROMA" MEANS COLOR, A THIN REDDISH LAYER SEEN DURING AN ECLIPSE

Front 15

The Corona

Back 15

CROWN IN LATIN, THE OUTER LAYER THAT LOOKS LIKE A WHITE HALO

Front 16

Solar Wind

Back 16

WHEN THE CORONA GRADUALLY THINS INTO STREAMS OF ELECTRICALLY CHARGED PARTICLES

Front 17

Sunspots

Back 17

AREAS OF GAS ON THE SUN'S SURFACE THAT ARE COOLER THAN THE GASES AROUND THEM, THIS RESULTS IN DARK SPOTS

Front 18

Prominences

Back 18

HUGE REDDISH LOOPS OF GAS THAT OFTEN LINK DIFFERENT PARTS OF SUNSPOT REGIONS

Front 19

Solar Flares

Back 19

LOOPS IN SUNSPOT REGIONS CONNECT AND RELEASE LARGE AMOUNTS OF MAGNETIC ENERGY AND ARE SEEN AS ERUPTIONS

Front 20

Solar Wind

Back 20

solar wind can effect Earth's magnet field and cause magnetic storms

Front 21

The Inner Planets

Back 21

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

Front 22

The Outer Planets

Back 22

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto

Front 23

Terrestrial planets

Back 23

SMALL, DENSE PLANETS WITH ROCKY SURFACES

Front 24

Earth

Back 24

3rd planet from the sun;
3 main layers:Core, Mantle, Crust
22.5 degree tilt creates seasons

Front 25

Water

Back 25

UNIQUE FEATURE OF EARTH;
70% OF EARTH IS COVERED BY WATER

Front 26

Mercury

Back 26

1st planet from the sun;
not much larger than Earth's moon

Front 27

Earth's atmosphere

Back 27

About 20% Oxygen, the remainder is mainly Nitrogen with small amounts of Carbon Dioxide and trace gases

Front 28

Mercury's atmosphere

Back 28

Virtually NO atmosphere;
very high temperatures in the daytime

Front 29

Venus

Back 29

2nd planet from the sun;
SIMILAR IN SIZE AND MASS TO EARTH;
rotates in opposite direction of most planets

Front 30

Venus's atmosphere

Back 30

THICK AND ALWAYS CLOUDY, ABOUT 90 TIMES GREATER THAN EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE

Front 31

Greenhouse effect on Venus

Back 31

THE TRAPPING OF HEAT BY THE ATMOSPHERE. THE AVERAGE SURFACE TEMPERATURE IS 460 DEGREES CELSIUS MAKING IT THE PLANET WITH THE HOTTEST SURFACE

Front 32

Mars

Back 32

4th planet from the sun;
Red Planet do to breakdown of iron rich rocks which create rusty dust
RUSTY/DUSTY

Front 33

Mar's atmosphere

Back 33

more than 95% Carbon Dioxide;
similar to Venus's atmosphere, but thinner

Front 34

Water on Mars

Back 34

Scientists suspect that water flowed on Mars at one time. There is now ice, but now liquid water

Front 35

Seasons on Mars

Back 35

Has a tilted Axis which creates seasons

Front 36

Gas Giants and Pluto

Back 36

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune DO NOT HAVE SOLID SURFACES

Front 37

Jupiter

Back 37

5th planet from sun;
Largest of all planets;
mass is about 2.5 times the mass of all the other planets combined

Front 38

Jupiter's Atmosphere

Back 38

Thick, made mostly of hydrogen and helium;
Stormy;
the Giant Red spot is a storm larger than Earth

Front 39

Jupiter's Moons

Back 39

4 largest moons are Io, Europe, Ganymede, and Callisto. All are larger than Earth's moon. There are dozens of smaller moons orbiting Jupiter

Front 40

Saturn

Back 40

6th planet from sun;
mass is less than that of water

Front 41

Saturn's atmosphere

Back 41

Thick and mainly hydrogen and helium, like Jupiter

Front 42

Saturn's rings

Back 42

MOST SPECTACULAR RINGS OF ANY PLANET

Front 43

Uranus

Back 43

7th planet from sun;
AXIS IS TILTED ABOUT 90% FROM VERTICAL (IT IS ON ITS SIDE)

Front 44

Uranus's atmosphere

Back 44

Planet has blue-green color due to traces of methane in the atmosphere

Front 45

Neptune

Back 45

8th planet from sun;
similar in; size and color to Uranus;
clouds are on the surface and storms in the planet's atmosphere

Front 46

Neptune's atmosphere

Back 46

Stormy

Front 47

Pluto

Back 47

SOLID SURFACE AND MUCH DENSER THAN THE OUTER PLANETS;
SMALLER THAN EARTH'S MOON;
HAS 3 KNOWN MOONS;
CHARON IS THE LARGEST MOON

Front 48

Comets

Back 48

LIKE A DIRTY SNOWBALL;
MADE OF ICE, ROCK AND DUST;
ORBIT IN VERY LARGE ELLIPSES

Front 49

comet's head

Back 49

coma and nucleus

Front 50

Coma

Back 50

the cloud of dust and gas that form a fuzzy layer around the nucleus

Front 51

Nucleus

Back 51

the solid inner core

Front 52

comet's tail

Back 52

a gas tail and a dust tail which point away from the sun

Front 53

Kuiper belt

Back 53

the donut shaped region between Neptune and about 100 times Earth's distance from the sun

Front 54

Oort cloud

Back 54

a spherical region that surrounds the solar system out to about 1,000 times the distance between Pluto and the Sun

Front 55

asteroids

Back 55

rocky objects which are too small to be considered planets

Front 56

asteroid belt

Back 56

MOST ASTERIODS REVOLVE AROUND THE SUN BETWEEN THE ORBITS OF MARS AND JUPITER

Front 57

meteoroid

Back 57

CHUCK OF ROCK OR DUST IN SPACE. COME FROM COMETS OR ASTEROIDS.

Front 58

meteors

Back 58

WHEN METEOROIDS ENTER THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE AND CREAT A STREAK OF LIGHT

Front 59

meteorites

Back 59

when meteors strike Earth's surface

Front 60

extraterrestrial life

Back 60

life other than that on Earth

Front 61

"Goldilocks" conditions

Back 61

conditions needed for life as we know it. Liquid water and a suitable temperature range and atmosphere.

Front 62

life on Earth

Back 62

made up of one or more cells, take in energy and use it to grow and develop, give off waste

Front 63

extreme conditions

Back 63

there are conditions on Earth where life has been found which at one time where thought not to be able to support life

Front 64

KNOW DIAGRAMS OF SUN AND ORBITS

Back 64

diagrams distributed in class

Front 65

gravity

Back 65

THE FORCE THAT ATTRACTS ALL OBJECTS TOWARD EACH OTHER

Front 66

Law of universal gravitation

Back 66

EVERY OBJECT IN THE UNIVERSE ATTRACTS EVERY OTHER OBJECT. THE FORCE OF GRAVITY BETWEEN TWO OBJECTS DEPENDS ON THEIR MASS AND THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THEM

Front 67

inertia

Back 67

THE TENDENCY OF AN OBJECT TO RESIST A CHANGE IN MOTION