8Th Grade Science Exam

Front 1

where plates separate

Back 1

divergent boundaries

Front 2

where plates slide past each other

Back 2

transform plate boundaries

Front 3

when edges of continental or oceanic plates move toward each other and collide

Back 3

convergent plate boundaries

Front 4

The layer of the mantle that lies directly below the lithosphere and flows like taffy.

Back 4

Asthenosphere

Front 5

A mountain like landform that develops when plates separate and new ocean lithosphere forms

Back 5

Mid - Ocean Ridge

Front 6

A theory that the lithosphere is broken into segments or plates that float on the asthenosphere, and that interacted among these plates are associated with earthquakes and volcanic activity.

Back 6

Plate tectonics

Front 7

The point on the surface on the earth directly above the focus of an earthquake

Back 7

Epicenter

Front 8

A secondary earthquake wave: so named because it traveks slower than a primary wave and is the second wave to reach a seismograph station after an earthquake

Back 8

S waves

Front 9

A primary earthquake wave that travels through the body of the earth: so named because it is the first wave to reach a seismograph during an earthquake

Back 9

P waves

Front 10

An earthquake wave that travels on or near the surface of the earth

Back 10

surface waves

Front 11

An earthquake wave that travels through the body of the earth rather than on its surface

Back 11

Body Waves

Front 12

A wave generated by earthquake vibrations

Back 12

Seismic waves

Front 13

A scientist who studies earthquakes

Back 13

seismologist

Front 14

A fracture in bedrock, along which blocks of rock on opposite sides of the fracture move

Back 14

fault

Front 15

Vibrations in the earth caused by sudden release of energy, usually as a result of the movement of rocks along a fault

Back 15

Earthquake

Front 16

The layer of the earth beneath the crust. It is about 2900 km thick and it makes up about 83% of the earths interior

Back 16

Mantle

Front 17

The cool, solid outer shell of the earth. It consists of the crust and the rigid uppermost part of the mantle and is broken up into segments, or plates

Back 17

Lithosphere

Front 18

An instrument that detects, records, and measures the vibrations produced by an earthquake

Back 18

Seismograph

Front 19

Approximately 5 to 10 km thick and lies beneath ocean waters. Dense and cold material.

Back 19

Ocean Crust

Front 20

Contains landmasses and ranges from 15 - 70 km. It is the thickest in mountainous areas. Less dense materials.

Back 20

Continental Crust

Front 21

Where one plate slides under another plate

Back 21

Subduction

Front 22

A deep narrow depression in the seafloor. Formed by subduction.

Back 22

Deep sea trench

Front 23

Where lava cools quickly in the cold ocean as it does in hawaii

Back 23

Pillow lava

Front 24

A volcano that forms from alternating eruptions of viscous lava and less viscous lava

Back 24

Composite volcano