8Th Grade Pre-Ap Science Final

Front 1

Crest

Back 1

The highest point, peak, of a wave

Front 2

Gamma rays

Back 2

Part of the electromagnetic spectrum that consists of waves with the highest frequencies

Front 3

Radio wave

Back 3

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that consists of the waves with the lowest frequenceies

Front 4

Frequency

Back 4

The number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time, usual one second

Front 5

Trough

Back 5

The lowest point, or valley, of a wave

Front 6

Radiation

Back 6

Energy that travels across distances as certain types waves

Front 7

Visible light

Back 7

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that consists of waves detectable by the human eye

Front 8

Wave length

Back 8

The distance from one wave crest to the next wave crest

Front 9

Electromagnetic wave

Back 9

A type of wave, such as a light wave or radio wave, that does not require a medium to travel; a disturbance that transfers energy through a field

Front 10

Micro wave

Back 10

Part of the electromagnetic spectrum that consists of waves with higher frequencies than radio waves, but lower frequencies than infrared rays

Front 11

Blue shift

Back 11

A decrease in the wavelength of radiation given off by a moving celestial body; shows celestial bodies are moving toward the Earth

Front 12

Doppler effect

Back 12

A change in the observed frequency of a wave, occurring when the source of the wave or the observer is moving changes in the frequency of light are often measured by observing changes in wavelength

Front 13

x-rays

Back 13

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that consists of waves with frequencies higher than those of ultraviolet light and lower than those of gamma rays

Front 14

Ultraviolet

Back 14

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that consists of waves with frequencies higher than those of visible light and lower than those of x-rays

Front 15

Redshift

Back 15

An increase in the wavelength of radiation given off by a moving celestial body; shows celestial bodies are moving away form Earth

Front 16

Parallax

Back 16

the apparent shift in the position of an object when viewed from different locations

Front 17

Constellation

Back 17

A group of stars that form a pattern in the sky

Front 18

Telescope

Back 18

A device that gathers visible light or another form of electromagnetic radiation

Front 19

Astronomical unit

Back 19

Earth's average distance from the Sun, which is approximately 150 million kilometers

Front 20

Apparent magnitude

Back 20

The brightness of a star as seen from Earth

Front 21

Radiowave telescope

Back 21

A device used to detect radio waves given off by objects in space

Front 22

Universe

Back 22

Space and all the matter and energy in it

Front 23

H-R Diagram

Back 23

A graph relating the temperature and brightness of stars

Front 24

Galaxy

Back 24

Millions or billions of stars held together in a group by their own gravity

Front 25

Moon/Satellite

Back 25

An object that orbits a more massive object

Front 26

Reflecting telescope

Back 26

A telescope that uses on e ore more mirrors to gather and focus visible light

Front 27

Light year

Back 27

The distance light travels in one year, which is about 9.5 trillion kilometers

Front 28

Observatory

Back 28

A building that contains one or more telescopes

Front 29

Refracting telescope

Back 29

A telescope that uses convex lenses to gather and focus visible light

Front 30

Spectroscope

Back 30

An instrument used to view the different colors of light produced by different sources

Front 31

Absolute magnitude

Back 31

The brightness of a star if it were a standard distance from Earth

Front 32

Big bang

Back 32

the moment in time when the universe started to expand out of an extremely hot, dense state, according to scientific theory

Front 33

If a star's light takes 450 years to reach the Earth, how far away is the star?

Back 33

450 light years

Front 34

Is the following in correct order from largest to smallest?

universe>galaxt>solar system>star>planet

Back 34

True

Front 35

Why do astronomers use light-years instead of kilometers when measuring distances in the universe?

Back 35

The universe is so big that kilometers is just not a large enough scale to measure the universe in.

Front 36

Lunar eclipse

Back 36

Occurs when the moos passes through the shadow of the Earth

Front 37

Umbra

Back 37

The dark, central region of a shadow

Front 38

Waning

Back 38

The part of the moon phases where the illumination is decreasing; left side of the moon is illuminated

Front 39

Moon/Lunar phases

Back 39

The appearance of the illuminated portion of the moon as seen by an observer on Earth

Front 40

Crescent moon

Back 40

Partly but less than half illuminated

Front 41

First quarter

Back 41

The phase of the moon in which the right half is illuminated, and the left half is dark

Front 42

New moon

Back 42

The phase of the moon that occurs when it passes between Earth and the Sun

Front 43

Third quarter

Back 43

The phase of the moon in which the left half of the moon is illuminated and the right have is dark

Front 44

Eclipse

Back 44

An event during which one object in space cases a shadow onto another

Front 45

Gibbous moon

Back 45

More than half but less than fully illuminated

Front 46

Penumbra

Back 46

A region of lighter shadow that may surround an umbra

Front 47

Solar eclipse

Back 47

Occurs when the moon goes in from of the Sun and blocks most of the Sun's light from the Earth

Front 48

Waxing

Back 48

The part of the moon phases where the illumination is increasing; right side of the moon is illuminated

Front 49

Full moon

Back 49

The phase of the moon in which it is visible as a fully illuminated disk; occurs when the moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun

Front 50

Latitude

Back 50

The distance in degrees north or south from the equator

Front 51

Orbit

Back 51

The elliptical path of an object in space as it moves around another object due to gravity

Front 52

Rotation

Back 52

The motion of an object around its own axis

Front 53

South pole

Back 53

The southern end of the Earth's axis of rotation

Front 54

Longitude

Back 54

The distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian

Front 55

Axis

Back 55

An imaginary line about which a turning body such as Earth rotates

Front 56

Gravity

Back 56

The force that objects exert on each other because of their mass

Front 57

Revolution

Back 57

The motion of one body around another

Front 58

North pole

Back 58

The northern end of one the Earth's axis of rotation

Front 59

Seasons

Back 59

One part of a pattern of temperature changes and other weather trends over the course of a year; cause d by the position of Earth's axes relative to the direction of sunlight

Front 60

Equator

Back 60

An imaginary east-west line around the center of Earth that divides the planet into the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere; a line set at zero degrees latitude

Front 61

Prime meridian

Back 61

An imaginary north-south line that divides the planet into the eastern and western hemispheres; passes through Greenwich, England

Front 62

Solstice

Back 62

In an orbit, a position and time during which one hemisphere gets its maximum area of sunlight, while the other hemisphere gets its minimum amount; the time of the year when days are either longest or shortest, and the angel of sunlight reaches its minimum and maximum

Front 63

When North America has summer what does Australia have?

Back 63

winter

Front 64

What two factors impact the length of a season?

Back 64

Earth's tilt relative to the sun and the Earth's position in its orbit around the sun

Front 65

What would happened if the time it took for Earth to make one rotation around its axis increased?

Back 65

A day would be longer

Front 66

What is the sequence of the earth, moon and sun from smallest to largest?

Back 66

Moon>Earth>Sun

Front 67

At what degree is the Earth is titled on its axis?

Back 67

23.5 degrees

Front 68

Without the Earth's tilt on its axis there would be no what?

Back 68

Seasons

Front 69

Neap tide

Back 69

A tide of small range occurring during the first and third quarter phases of the moon

Front 70

Intertidal zone

Back 70

The narrow ocean margin between the high tide mark and the low tide mark

Front 71

Low tide

Back 71

The time at which the tide reaches its lowest level

Front 72

Tidal range

Back 72

The difference in eight between high tide and low tide

Front 73

High tide

Back 73

The time at which the tide reaches its highest level

Front 74

Tide

Back 74

The periodic rising and falling of water level of the ocean due to the gravitational pulls of the moon and the Sun

Front 75

Spring tide

Back 75

A tide of large range occurring during the new and full moons, resulting in an extra high tidal budge and extra low tidal dip

Front 76

The periodic rise and fall of water levels in the oceans and other large bodies of water

Back 76

Tides

Front 77

Why is the timing of tides predictable?

Back 77

The moon's path is predictable

Front 78

What causes tides?

Back 78

The gravitational pull of the moon on the water at Earth's surface

Front 79

Which is a similarity between a neap tide and a spring tide?

Back 79

Each tide occurs twice a month, and is determined by the pull of gravity of the moon

Front 80

How often does the moon pass over a particular spot on the Earth's surface, causing tides as a result of it gravitational pull?

Back 80

Once every 24 hours and 50 minutes

Front 81

Niche

Back 81

The role a living thing plays in its habitat

Front 82

Habitat

Back 82

The natural environment in which a living thing gets all that it needs to live

Front 83

Biotic factor

Back 83

A living thing in an ecosystem

Front 84

Population

Back 84

A group of organisms of the same species that live in the same area

Front 85

Heterotroph (Consumer)

Back 85

An organism that consumes other organisms to get energy

Front 86

Carnivores

Back 86

An organism that east other consumers

Front 87

Food web

Back 87

A model used to show a feeding relationship in which many food chains overlap in an ecosystem

Front 88

Abiotic factor

Back 88

A nonliving physical or chemical part of an ecosystem

Front 89

Ecosystem

Back 89

All the living and nonliving things that interact in a particular environment

Front 90

Primary consumer

Back 90

An organism that east a producer as its food source

Front 91

Terrestrial habitat

Back 91

A habitat where animals live on land

Front 92

Decomposer

Back 92

An organism that feeds on and breaks down dead plant or animal matter

Front 93

Community

Back 93

All the populations that live and interact with each other in a particular place

Front 94

Ecology

Back 94

The scientific study of how living things interact with each other and their environmnet

Front 95

Energy pyramid

Back 95

A model used to show the amount of energy available to living things in an ecosystem

Front 96

Secondary consumer

Back 96

An organism that eats a primary consumer as its food

Front 97

Freshwater habitat

Back 97

A habitat where organisms live in water that does not contain salt

Front 98

Omnivore

Back 98

An organism that east both producers and consumers

Front 99

Marine habitat

Back 99

A habitat where animals live in water that contains salt

Front 100

Organism

Back 100

An individual living thing, made up of one or many cells, that is capable of growing and reproducing

Front 101

Food chain

Back 101

A model used to show the feeding relationship between a single producer and a chain of consumers in an ecosystem

Front 102

Autotroph

Back 102

An organism that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce energy rich carbon compounds, usually through the process of photosynthesis; also known as a producer

Front 103

Species

Back 103

A group of living things that are so closely related that they can breed with one another and produce offspring that can breed as well

Front 104

Adaptation

Back 104

A characteristic, a behavior, or any inherited trait that makes a species able to survive and reproduce in a particular environment

Front 105

Is the following the correct flow of energy in a typical food web?

sunlight>producer>herbivore>carnivore

Back 105

True

Front 106

How do the needs of plants and animals compare in a forest ecosystem?

Back 106

Plants compete for resources such as sunlight, space, water and soil nutrients. Animals compete for resources such as food, space and mates.

Front 107

Predator

Back 107

An animal that hunts other animals and eats them

Front 108

Parasite

Back 108

An organism that absorbs nutrients from the body of another organism, often harming it in the process

Front 109

Commensalism

Back 109

An interaction between two species in which one species benefits without harming the other

Front 110

Symbiosis

Back 110

The interaction between individuals from two different species that live closely together

Front 111

Competititon

Back 111

The struggle btween two or more living things that depend on the same limited resource

Front 112

Mutualism

Back 112

An interaction between two species in which both benefit

Front 113

Parasitism

Back 113

A relationship between two species in which one species is harmed while the other benefits

Front 114

Carrying capacity

Back 114

The maximum size that a population can reach in an ecosystem

Front 115

Predator

Back 115

An interaction in which one organism hunts and kills another organism for food

Front 116

Limiting factor

Back 116

A factor or condition that prevents the continuing growth of a population in an ecosystem

Front 117

Population density

Back 117

A measure of the number of organisms that live in a given area

Front 118

Prey

Back 118

An animal that other animals hunt and eat

Front 119

Host

Back 119

An organism that provides a soruce of energy or a suitable environment for a virus or for another organism to live

Front 120

Interaction

Back 120

The condition of acting or having an influence upon something; living things in an ecosystem interact with both the living and nonliving party of their environment

Front 121

You are investigating the relationship between a kangaroo rat and a mesquite plant in a desert. What type of relationship are you most likely investigating?

Back 121

producer/consumer

Front 122

A mistletoe plant grows on tree, absorbing nutrients and water from the tree. Eventually, the mistletoe stunts the growth of the tree. What type of relationship does this describe?

Back 122

Parasitism

Front 123

How does a biome differ from an ecosystem?

Back 123

A biome occurs on a regional or global scale. An ecosystem may be as small as a rotting log.

Front 124

Monogenean worms are parasites that live on the gills of groupers. How does this affect the groupers?

Back 124

They are harmed.