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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Day and Night
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-day and night is part of our daily cycle
-result of Earths rotation on its axis -North and South Pole have 6 months of day and 6 months of night |
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Astronomy
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the study of objects beyond Earth and its atmosphere
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Apparent Motion
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the motion of objects in the solar system that looks like to movement of the sun is real but really it is that Earth is revolving around the sun and it makes it look like to sun moves
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Celestial Objects
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things that are seen in the sky that are outside of Earths atmosphere
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Altitude
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the angle above the horizon
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zenith
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-Altitude starts at level horizon (0 degrees) and increase to 90 degrees in the sky (the zenith)
-sun is never at the zenith except for observers located at Tropic of Capricorn (23.5S) and Tropic of Cancer (23.5N) |
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Local Solar
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is the time at which the sun reaches the highest point in the sky
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Season Facts
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-March 21st is the spring equinox. There is 12 hours of day and night. This is where the earth is at the top part of the season diagram
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Seasons Facts-2
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-June 21st is the summer solstice. This is where there is 15 hours of day and 9 hours of night. Longest period of rotation. This is located at the left side of the seasons diagram.
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Seasons Facts-3
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-September 21st is the fall equinox. This is where there is equal night and equal day. This is located at the bottom of the seasons diagram.
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Seasons Facts-4
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-December 21st is the winter solstice. This is at the right of the diagram.
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Seasons Facts-5
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-The sun usually rises in the east and sets in the west. However, the sun rises north of east when the days are longest in spring and summer and south of east during the short days of fall and winter.
-The direction of both sunrise and sunset moves northward along the horizon as the days get longer in winter and spring. When the days get shorter, the sunrise and sunset position move southward. -The noon sun is highest in the summer and lowest in the winter. -When noon sun is highest, the days are longest. |
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Earths Info.
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-period of rotation is 15 degrees an hour
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Geocentric Model
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-solar system model where other planets, stars, universe, and sun orbit the Earth
-wrong model |
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Heliocentric Model
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-solar system where planets, Earth, stars, etc. revolve around the sun
-right model |
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revolution
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the motion of the planets in their orbits around the sun
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Rotation
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spin on earths axis.
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Things that cause seasons
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-tilt
-parallelism -revolution |
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Foucault Pendulum
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-pendulum that works because the pendulum swings the same plane as the Earth rotates beneath it
-knocks over pins |
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Coriolis Effect
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-proof earth rotates because wind in the Northern Hemisphere curve to their right as the move out of high pressure systems
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Earths rotation appears:
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from north pole: rotates counterclockwise
from south pole: rotates clockwise |
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Vertical Rays
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is sunlight that strikes Earths surface at an angle of 90 degrees
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Artic Circle
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lattitude 66.5N
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Antarctic Circle
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lattitude 66.5S
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Two types of landscapes on the moon:
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-lunar highlands
-maria |
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Satellite
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an object in space that revolves around another object under the influence of gravity
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Our moons period of roatation and revolution
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27.3 days (about the same)
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Ellipse
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a closed curve formed around two fixd points such that the total distance between any point on the curve and the fixed points is constant.
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Eccentricity
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how elongated the ellipse is
(eccuntricity= distance betwen foci divded by length of major axis) |
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major axis
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the distance across the ellipse measured at its widest points
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Inertia
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is the tendency of an object at rest to remain at rest or an object in motion to move at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted o by an unbalanced force
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Gravity
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the force of attractino between all object
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Weight
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is the force of attraction between your body and earth
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Kinetic Energy
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is the speed of earth in its orbit
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major axis
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the distance across the ellipse measured at its widest points
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Inertia
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is the tendency of an object at rest to remain at rest or an object in motion to move at a constant speed in a straight line unless acted o by an unbalanced force
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Gravity
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the force of attractino between all object
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Weight
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is the force of attraction between your body and earth
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Kinetic Energy
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is the speed of earth in its orbit
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terrestrial planets
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group of planets that rae solid objects with thin/no atmosphere
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Jovian planets
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group of planets that are lessdense, larger, mainly composed of gases
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asteriods
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irregularly shaped rocky masses that are smaller than planets
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comets
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visible in the night sky as a small spot of light with a long tail that points away from the sun
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meteoroid
meteor meteorite |
chunks of stuff
shooting star hits earth |
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siderial month
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27.3 days (amount of time for revolution of Earths moon)
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lunar month
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29.5 days (amount of time for revolution of Earths moons)
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moon phrases
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gibbous
full moon cresent new moon quater |
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DOC
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shape of quater moons (3 quater moons)
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tides
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daily cycle of change in sea level
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tidal range
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difference between the lowest water level and the highest water level
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spring tide
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when earth, sun, and moon are in a linewith one another, where the highest tides occur
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neap tides
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the range of the tides is the lowest when the sun and moon are at right angles to earth
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eclipse
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when one cestial object blocks the light of another
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total eclipse
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when the sun is completely blocked from view as the region of full shadow passes over Earth
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Lunar Eclipse
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occurs when at the full moon phase because the moon must be on the side opposite of earth
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solar eclipse
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when the moon is at the new moon position and blocks the light from the sun
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umbra
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full shadow
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penumbra
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partial shadow
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star
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a massive object in space that creates energy and radiates it as electromagnetic radiation
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E=mc^2
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Electricity equals mass times speed of light squared
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nuclear fusion
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process by which light elements join to make heavier elements
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luminosity
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absolute brightness
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Red Dwarf Stars
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-smallest stars
-bearly large enough to support nuclear fusion |
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Blue SuperGiants Stars
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-massive stars
-extremly hot |
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Star Formation
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-begins when a cloud of dust (neablea) draw together under the influence of gravity
-materials accrete together to form stars |
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Death of an Average Star
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-the star runs low on hydrogen
-fusions slows -outer shell of gases expands and cools in the red giant stage leaving behind a dense hot core which is a white dwarf star |
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spectroscope
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tools that separates light into coponent colors
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galaxies
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huge groups of stars held together by gravity
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Milky Star Galaxy
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-galaxy earth is in
-all the individual stars visible to us in the night sky are part of this group |
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lightyear
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the distance that any form of electromagnetic energy can travel in 1 year
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redshift
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the motion of distant galaxies away from earth cause spectral lines (redshift)
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Doppler Effect
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the apparent change in frequency and wavelength of energy that occurs when the source of a wave is moving relative to an observer
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cosmic background radiation
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weak electromagnetic readiation left over from the formation of the universe
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big bang
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theory proposes that at the time of tis origin the universe was a concentration of matter so dense that the laws of nature as we know them today did not apply
began 14 million years ago |
