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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the function of sodium thiosulphate as an antidote for cyanide?
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Sodium thiosulphate is the substrate for the enzyme rhodanase which inactivates cyanide.
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What are the symptoms of sedative hypnotic intoxication?
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- Impaired consciousness
- Hypotension - Hypoventilation - Paralytic ileus - Myosis |
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What is the treatment for sedative hypnotic intoxication?
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Supportive treatment
- Respiratory support - Circulatory support Specific treatment - For ethanol: thiamine - For phenobarbital: bicarbonate infusion, charcoal administration for days - For benzos or Z-drugs: flumazenil |
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What is the mechanism of intoxication of tricyclic antidepressants?
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They're dirty drugs which inhibit many receptors:
- α1 adrenergic receptors - Muscarinic acetylcholine - Histamine H1 receptors - GABAA receptors - Myocardial sodium channels |
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What are the symptoms of tricyclic antidepressant intoxication?
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Hypotension
Tachycardia Dry, hot skin Impaired consciousness Arrhythmia Convulsions |
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What is the treatment of intoxication of tricyclic antidepressants?
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Benzodiazepines/barbiturates
Sodium bicarbonate infusion Circulatory support |
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What is the mechanism of intoxication of opioids?
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- Respiratory depression
- Vasomotor centre depression - Disinhibition of the nucleous of the oculomotor nerve - Decreased intestinal motility - Decreased urinary bladder motility |
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What are the symptoms of intoxication of opioids?
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Impaired consciousness
Hypoventilation Pinpoint pupils Urine retention Paralytic ileus |
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What is the treatment of intoxication of opioids?
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- Naloxone
- Respiratory support - Catheterization of the bladder |
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What are the symptoms of intoxication of sympathomimetics?
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Mydriasis
Psychosis Rhabdomyolysis Convulsions Hyperthermia Hypertension Tachycardia Arrhythmia |
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What can be the causes of death in sympathomimetic intoxication?
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- Haemorrhagic stroke
- Arrhythmia - Myocardial infarction - Convulsions - Brain oedema |
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What is the treatment of intoxication of sympathomimetics?
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Cooling
α blockers beta blockers Benzodiazepines Aspiration of gastric juice (amphetamine) Hypertonic solutions |
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What are the symptoms of anticholinergic intoxication?
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Excitement
Hallucination Coma Tachycardia Hyperthermia Dry, hot skin Dry mouth Mydriasis Cycloplaegia (loss of accomodation) Urinary retention |
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What is the treatment of intoxication of anticholinergics?
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Cooling
Benzodiazepines Beta blockers Physostigmine/rivastigmine |
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Which factors can increase the risk of digitalis toxicity?
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Diuretic treatment
Hypokalaemia Renal failure Use of Pgp inhibitor drugs |
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What are the symptoms of cardiac glycoside intoxication?
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Bradycardia
Extrasystoles Nausea, vomiting Visual disturbances Headache Hyperkalaemia |
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What is the treatment of intoxication of digitalis glycosides?
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Pacemaker
Digitalis antibody Activated charcoal or cholestyramine administration K+ infusion |
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What are the symptoms of intoxication of beta blockers?
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Hypotension
Bradycardia AV block Bronchoconstriction Hypoglycaemia |
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What is the treatment of beta blocker intoxication?
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Isoprenaline
Glucagon Atropine β2 agonist |
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What are the symptoms of salicylate intoxication?
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Abdominal pain
Vomiting Hyperventilation Tinnitus Hypoglycaemia Lactic acidosis |
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What is the treatment of salicylate intoxication?
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Bicarbonate infusion
Oral glycine Haemodialysis |
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What is the treatment for cyanide intoxication?
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- Hydroxycobalamin
- Amyl nitrite/sodium nitrite - Sodium thiosulphate |
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What are the symptoms of paracetamol intoxication?
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Initially malaise, then improvement. A few days later: hepatocellular necrosis
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What is the antidote of paracetamol intoxication.
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N-acetylcysteine
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What are the symptoms of salicylate intoxication?
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- Haemorrhagic gastroenteritis
- Hepatic necrosis |
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What is the treatment of iron intoxication?
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Deferoxamine
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