8-15 Quizzes

Front 1

Which of the following is not a nonrenewable energy resource?

Back 1

Wind

Front 2

Which of the following is the most fuel-efficient mode of transportation in terms of joules per passenger-kilometer?

Back 2

train

Front 3

Which of the following is not associated with the surface extraction of coal?

Back 3

Underground tunnels and shafts

Front 4

Which of the following statements regarding petroleum is correct?

I. It is formed from the decay of woody plants.

II. It contains natural gas as well as oil.

III. It migrates through pore spaces in rocks

Back 4

II and III

Front 5

Currently, most high-level radioactive waste from nuclear reactors in the United States is

Back 5

stored at the power plant that produced it.

Front 6

Which of the following is not an example of a potentially renewable or nondepletable energy source?

Back 6

Nuclear energy

Front 7

Which of the following sources of energy is not (ultimately) solar-based?

Back 7

Tides

Front 8

Which of the following demonstrate(s) the use of passive solar energy?

I. A south-facing room with stone walls and floors

II. Photovoltaic solar cells for the generation of electricity

III. A solar oven

Back 8

I and III

Front 9

The primary sources of renewable energy in the United States are

Back 9

biomass and hydroelectricity.

Front 10

The environmental impacts of cutting down a forest and burning the wood for heating and cooking could include

I. deforestation and subsequent soil erosion.

II. release of particulate matter into the air.

III. a large net rise in atmospheric concentrations of sulfur dioxide.

Back 10

I and II

Front 11

Which of the following statements best describes the role of renewable energy in the United States?

Back 11

Its largest contribution is to the electricity generation sector.

Front 12

An energy-efficient building might include all of the following except

Back 12

building materials with low thermal inertia.

Front 13

What percentage Earth’s water is fresh water?

Back 13

3%

Front 14

Which of the following contrasts between confined and unconfined aquifers is correct?

Back 14

Only confined aquifers can produce artesian wells.

Front 15

Which of the following statements about surface waters is not correct?

Back 15

Levees are used to make reservoirs.

Front 16

Which of the following statements about dams is not correct?

Back 16

Most dams are built to generate electricity.

Front 17

Which of the following statements about aqueducts is correct?

Back 17

Aqueducts designed as open canals can lose a lot of water via evaporation.

Front 18

Which of the following lists of agricultural irrigation techniques is in the correct order, from least efficient to most efficient?

Back 18

Furrow irrigation, flood irrigation, spray irrigation, drip irrigation

Front 19

Which of the following statements about the industrial use of water is not correct?

Back 19

Its use is becoming less efficient.

Front 20

Which of the following statements about nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is not correct?

Back 20

NPS is water pollution that originates from a distinct source such as a pipe or tank.

Front 21

Human wastewater results in which of the following water-pollution problems?

I The organic matter decomposes and reduces dissolved oxygen levels.

II Decomposition of organic matter releases great quantities of nutrients.

III Pathogenic organisms are carried into surface waters.

Back 21

I, II, and III

Front 22

Under which of the following circumstances is a sewage treatment plant legally permitted to bypass normal treatment protocol and discharge large amounts of sewage directly into a lake or river?

Back 22

When combined volumes of stormwater and wastewater exceed the capacity of an older plant

Front 23

Which of the following inorganic substances is naturally occurring in rocks, soluble in groundwater, and toxic at low concentrations?

Back 23

arsenic

Front 24

Acid mine drainage results from acidic water formed below ground that makes its way to the surface; the acidic water is formed as a result of the flooding of abandoned mines, where the underground water

Back 24

reacts with a type of rock, pyrite, which releases iron and hydrogen ions.

Front 25

All of the following are problems that result from the use of pesticides except

Back 25

pesticide run-off enters surface waters and increases the solubility of heavy metals.

Front 26

A pungent reddish-brown gas often associated with photochemical smog

Back 26

NO2

Front 27

A corrosive gas from burning coal often associated with industrial smog

Back 27

SO2

Front 28

A dangerous indoor air pollutant

Back 28

CO

Front 29

Emitted from both diesel and burning wood

Back 29

PM10

Front 30

The accumulation of tropospheric ozone at night depends mainly upon the atmospheric concentration of

Back 30

volatile organics.

Front 31

Under natural conditions the pH of rainfall is closest to

Back 31

5.6

Front 32

The effects of acid deposition include all of the following except

Back 32

children less than 5 years old.

Front 33

The pollutant least likely be emitted from a smokestack would be

Back 33

OZONE

Front 34

Which statement regarding the decreased levels of stratospheric ozone is correct?

Back 34

The largest decrease in the level of stratospheric ozone over the Arctic region occurs between January and April.

Front 35

The type(s) of ultraviolet radiation most strongly absorbed by ozone in the stratosphere is/are

Back 35

UV-B and UV-C.

Front 36

A THERMAL INVERSION

Back 36

occurs when a warm air layer overlies a cooler layer.

Front 37

Which is a cause of declining global biodiversity?

I. Pollution

II. Habitat loss

III. Overharvesting

Back 37

I, II, and III

Front 38

Which statement about global biodiversity is correct?

Back 38

Species diversity is decreasing and genetic diversity is decreasing.

Front 39

Which group of animals is declining in species diversity around the world?

I. Fish and amphibians

II. Birds and reptiles

III. Mammals

Back 39

I, II, and III

Front 40

Which of the following species was historically overharvested?

Back 40

Dodo bird

Front 41

Which statement is incorrect regarding the genetic diversity of livestock?

Back 41

The use of only the most productive breeds improves genetic diversity.

Front 42

Which statement is incorrect about invasive alien species?

Back 42

They are often competitively inferior.

Front 43

Which is an example of the single-species approach to conservation?

I. The Endangered Species Act

II. The Marine Mammal Protection Act

III.The Biosphere Reserve

Back 43

I and II

Front 44

Which principle of island biogeography is incorrectly applied to protecting areas of land or water?

Back 44

A larger protected area will have fewer habitats.

Front 45

Which statement correctly reflects the idea of a biosphere reserve?

Back 45

Sustainable agriculture and tourism are permitted in different zones.

Front 46

Which statement is correct regarding swapping debt for nature?

Back 46

Developing countries can pay part of their debt by investing in their own environment.

Front 47

Which of the following activities causes a cooling of Earth?

Back 47

Volcanic eruptions

Front 48

In regard to the greenhouse effect, which statement is not true?

Back 48

Greenhouse gases were not historically present in the atmosphere.

Front 49

Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

Back 49

Nitrogen

Front 50

Of the following factors, which ones are important when considering the effect of a greenhouse gas on global warming?

I. How much infrared radiation the gas can absorb

II. How long the gas remains in the atmosphere

III. The concentration of the gas in the atmosphere

Back 50

I, II, and III

Front 51

Which greenhouse gas is not correctly paired with one of its sources?

Back 51

Nitrous oxide: landfills

Front 52

Which statement about global warming is true?

Back 52

The planet has had many periods of warming and cooling in the past.

Front 53

Which sources of data have been used to assess changes in global CO2 and temperature?

I. Air bubbles in ice cores from glaciers

II. Thermometers placed around the globe

III. CO2 sensors placed around the globe

Back 53

I, II, and III

Front 54

Which statement about feedback loops that occur with climate change is true?

Back 54

Increased soil decomposition under warmer temperatures represents a positive feedback loop.

Front 55

Based on the Supply and Demand curve on page 382 of your text, which of the following can be inferred?

I. A lower price results in a greater demand

II. A higher price results in a greater supply.

III. Price changes as supply and demand fluctuate.

Back 55

I, II, and III

Front 56

All of the following are examples of negative externalities except

Back 56

increased pollination rates of surrounding crop plants as a result of local beekeeping.

Front 57

Economic assets are the sum total of which of the following?

I Natural capital

II Human capital

III Manufactured capital

Back 57

I, II and III

Front 58

Valuation, according to environmental and ecological economics, would include all of the following except

Back 58

the profits realized from hiring more employees to increase production.

Front 59

Cradle-to-cradle and cradle-to-grave analyses of manufactured goods can best be described as the study of the

Back 59

life cycle of a product from its production to use to ultimate disposal.

Front 60

United Nations organizations that relate to the environment include which of the following?

Back 60

World Health Organization (WHO)

Front 61

Which of the following U.S. laws contributes to sustainability by governing the tracking and disposal of solid and hazardous waste?

Back 61

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

Front 62

Strategies to implement environmental laws and regulations include all of the following except

Back 62

banning the cap-and-trade practice.

Front 63

The United Nations Millennium Declaration proposes to meet which of the following goals by 2015?

I Reduce environmental sustainability through economic development

II Eliminate extreme poverty and hunger and reduce child mortality

III Empower women and improve maternal health

Back 63

II and III

Front 64

Which statement is true regarding human health risks?

Back 64

More people die from heart disease than from any other cause.

Front 65

Which statement is true regarding the relationship between health risks and income?

Back 65

A major risk in low-income countries is a lack of food.

Front 66

Which statement about historical infectious diseases is not true?

Back 66

Historically important infectious diseases no longer pose a health risk.

Front 67

Which statement about emerging infectious diseases is not true?

Back 67

Mad cow disease is spread by feeding grass to cows.

Front 68

Which statement about toxins is correct?

Back 68

Neurotoxins impair the nervous system.

Front 69

Which statement about dose-response studies is not true?

Back 69

Dose-response studies only test for lethal effects.

Front 70

Which statement about retrospective studies and prospective toxicity studies is correct?

Back 70

Prospective studies monitor health effects from future chemical exposures.

Front 71

The concentration of chemical exposure does not depend on

Back 71

the LD50 value of the chemical.

Front 72

Which statement is not correct?

Back 72

Risk assessment does not include social, political, and economic considerations.

Front 73

What is not true about the two philosophies of regulating chemicals?

Back 73

The precautionary principle is used in the United States.

Front 74

It is important to keep household batteries out of landfills because of all of the following except

Back 74

their decomposition can contribute to greenhouse gas emissions.

Front 75

All of the following are desired outcomes of MSW incineration except

Back 75

increasing air pollution.

Front 76

In 2008, which of the following materials comprised the largest component of municipal solid waste?

Back 76

Paper

Front 77

In the United States, how much of generated waste ends up being recycled?

Back 77

˂ 33 percent

Front 78

The legislation that imposes a tax on the chemical and petroleum industries to generate funds to pay for the cleanup of hazardous substances is

Back 78

CERCLA

Front 79

Of the following, which contributes most to the weight of MSW?

Back 79

Packaging

Front 80

It may be present in the emissions from waste incinerators.

Back 80

Hydrochloric acid

Front 81

It contaminated the land and water near the housing development Love Canal in New York.

Back 81

Benzene

Front 82

It is produced by anaerobic decomposition in landfills.

Back 82

Methane