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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Wht is the type of weathering where rock is physically broken into smaller pieces?
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MECHANICAL WEATHERING
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How does mechanical weathering occur?
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abrasion, ice, animal activity and plant roots
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What is the grinding away of rock by rock particles and carried away.
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Abrasion
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When water seeps into cracks of rocks and expands when it freezes, it acts like a wedge to widen and deepen the cracks until pieces break off.
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ICE WEDGING
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What is the process that breaks down rock through chemical changes?
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CHEMICAL WEATHERING
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What is the most important cause of chemical weathering?
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water
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____ ____ in the air causes weathering?
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OXYGEN GAS
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What is oxidation?
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oxygen combines with minerals to create a new substance.
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How is Iron oxidized?
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By combining with oxygen and results is rust
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Which substance weathers rocks like marble and limestone.?
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Carbonic acid
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How is carbonic acid formed?
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carbon dioxide mixed with water
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What produces weak acids that slowly disolve rock?
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Living Organisms
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What are burning fossils that pollutes the air with sulfur, carbona nd nitrogen compounds
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ACID RAIN
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WHAT ARE THE TWO MOST IMPORTANT FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE RATE OF WEATHERING?
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1. TYPE OF ROCK
2. CLIMATE |
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A material that is full of tiny connected air spaces that allows water to seep through it is what?
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PERMEABLE
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Bothechemical and mechanical weathering occur FASTER in ____ and _____ climates
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HOT
WET |
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Rainfall and freezing with thawing can cause _______ weathering.
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faster
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What is one of the main causes of ACID RAIN
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Human activities
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The solid layer of rock beneath the soil is called ?
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BEDROCK
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Soil is a mixture of : ???
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rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material and water and AIR
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What is a dark- colored substance that forms as plants and animals remains decay?
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HUMUS (ORGANIC MATERIAL)
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The measure of how well the soil supports plant growth is called?
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Fertility
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Soil that is made up of equal parts of clay, sand and silt is calleD_____?
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LOAM
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Which type of soil is best for growing all types of plants?
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loam
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What are 4 types of texture of soil?
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Coarse
Grainy Smooth Silky |
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What Differentiates the types of soil?
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Size of the soil particles ( see figure 7, pg 249)
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What is the process of Soil formation?
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. Rock is broken down by weathering and mixes with other material
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____ is constantly being formed wherever BEDROCK is exposed.
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SOIL ( see figure 8 page 250)
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What do we call a layer of soil that differs in color and texture from soil above and below it?
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SOIL HORIZON
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What is "A" HORIZON, that is dark brown, crumbly with a mixture of HUMUS, CLAY AND OTHER MATERIALS
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topsoil
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The B horizon and consists of CLAY and other particles washed down from the A soil, but has little humus
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SUBSOIL
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The _______ Horizon contains only partly weathered rock?
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"C"
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How do they classify soil?
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based on:
climate plants soil compostion |
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What do Soil ORGANISMS do?
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1) makes humus by braking down and digesting remains of other organisms
2)Mix the soil and make places for air and water |
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The organisms that break the remains of dead organisms into smaller peices and digest them with chemicals are calle?
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DECOMPOSERS
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WHAT ELSE MIXES THE SOIL?
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EARTHWORMS AND OTHER BURROWING ANIMALS
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WHAT IS IT CALLED WHEN YOU USE THE LAND TO GROW FOOD?
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Agriculture
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When topsoil is lost due to ____ the value of the soil is ____
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erosion
reduced |
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When is soil said to be "exhausted"?
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when it looses its feritity
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_____ help to prevent loss of topsoil?
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plants
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When soil is ______ water and wind quickly ___ it?
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exposed
erode |
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What happened in the Dust Bowl?
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a time of drought where topsoil quickly dried out and turned to dust (know pg. 258 fig. 13)
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What is the management of soil to prevent its destruction?
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SOIL CONSERVATION
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When farmers plow along the curve of a slope, what is it called and why?
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CONTOUR PLOWING
it slows runoff and slows erosion |
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When a farmer tries not to disturb the soil and its plant cover, we call this what?
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Conservation plowing
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In conservation plowing what does the plant material left in the ground do?
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It prevents water runoff and erosion
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