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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is "any substance that CANNOT be broken down into a simpler substance"?
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ELEMENT
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What is the smallest unit of an element?
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ATOM
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What are two or more elements combined chemically?
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COMPOUND
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What is the smallest unit of a compound?
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Molecule
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What are compounds that contain CARBON?
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ORGANIC COMPOUND
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Compounds that DO NOT contain carbon
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INORGANIC COMPOUND
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What do proteins do?
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CELLS USE PROTEINS:
*part of cell membranes *organelles *used to build body structures, such as muscles |
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What are proteins?
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LARGE ORGANIC MOLECULES
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What are the smaller molecules that make up proteins?
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AMINO ACIDS.
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What is the type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction?
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ENZYMES
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What are carbohydrates?
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energy rich organic compounds
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What are some types of carbs?
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sugars and starches
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What are carbs used for?
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used for cell parts
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Where are cargs found?
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IN CELL WALLS AS "CELLULOSE"
IN CELL MEMBRANES |
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Name some lipids?
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FATS, OILS AND WAXES
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WHICH CONTAINS MORE ENERGY LIPIDS OR CARBS?
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LIPIDS
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What contains the instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of life?
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NUCLEIC ACIDS
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What does DNA do?
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It is genetic matterial that
#1-CARRIES INFO. ABOUT AN ORGANISM-that is passed from parent to offspring. #2- contains info that DIRECTS ALL OF THE CELL'S FUNCTIONS |
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What plays an important role in the production of proteins?
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RNA
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What function does WATER have in living things?
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it is essential for most CHEMICAL REACTIONS WITHIN CELLS TO TAKE PLACE.
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WHAT IS THE CELL MEMBRANE LIKE?
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A GATEKEEPER
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What do we mean by selectively permeable?
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the cell membrane lets SOME substances pass through it while others CAN NOT.
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DEFINE DIFFUSION?
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process by which molecules tend to move from an area of HIGHER CONCENTRATION to an area of LOWER CONCENTRATION
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What causes diffusion?
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collisons of molecules causes them to move away from each other.
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What is osmosis?
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Diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane
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What is ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION?
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the movement of materials through a cell membrane USING ENERGY
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What is PASSIVE TRANSPORTATION?
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the movement of material through a cell membrane WITHOUT USING ENERGY - LIKE DIFFUSION, OR OSMOSIS
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Transport Proteins "___ ___" molecules outside the cell and _____ ____ ____.
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pick up
bring them in |
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What kind of transportation is the transport protein?
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ACTIVE TRANSPORTATION
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Describe transporting by "engulfing".
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the cell membrane surrounds (or engulfs) a particle. it then pinches off and forms vacuole within the cell.
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Why are cells small?
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In order for materials to be effectively carried into and out of cells.
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What is the process by which a cell captures the energy in sunlight & uses it to make food?
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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wHAT HAPPENS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
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It is a 2 stage process-in plants and some organisms use energy from the sun to CONVERT CARBON DIOXIDE & WATER TO OXYGEN AND SUGARS
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IN THE FIRST STAGE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS WHAT HAPPENS?
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Pigment absorbs light
chlorophyll forms |
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what is pigment?
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colored chemical compound that absorbs light in the first stage of photosynthesis
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What is CHLOROPHYL
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the main ingredients in chloroplasts
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What is Stomata?
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small openings on the underside of leaves
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What is the photosynthesis equation?
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6CO(2) + 6H(2)O >light energy>
(carbon dioxide + energy) * numbers in parenthesis are the number of parts of the element. C(6)H(12)0(6) + 6O(2) (glucose + oxygen) |
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What part does "Photosynthesis" play in life.
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Nearly all living things obtain energy directly or indirectly from the energy of sunlight captured during photosynthesis
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What is the process by which cells "withdraw energy" from glucose?
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RESPIRATION
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What is the respiration equation?
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C(6)H(12) + 6O(2) >
glucose + oxygen 6CO(2) + 6H(2)O + energy carbon dioxide + water *the numbers in parenthesis are the number of parts |
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What is the first stage of respiration?
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In the cytoplasm, glucose molecules are broken down into smaller molecules
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What happens in the second stage of respiration?
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It takes place in the mitochondria where small molecules are broken down even further and energy is released.
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How do you compare photosynthesis?
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they are thought of as opposite processes
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What is an energy releasing process that DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN?
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FERMENTATION
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Where does "alcoholic fermentation" occur?
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occurs in yeast and some other single-celled organisms
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What is the product of alcoholic fermentation?
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Alcohol -along with carbon dioxide & energy
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What is "Lactic-Acid Fermentation"?
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A process used by cells when they use THE OXYGEN THEY NEED FASTER THAN IT CAN BE REPLACED
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the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo is called?
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THE CELL CYCLE
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Name the stages of the cell cycle
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Interphase #1
Mitosis #2 Cytokinese #3 |
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What happens in the Interphase-stage #1 of the cell cycle?
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1.GROWTH-during 1st part and cell doubles in size
2. DNA replication happens- after cell grown to materity, it duplicates (makes a copy) of the DNA 3. Preparation for Division- after replication then preparation for cell division begins. |
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What happens during Mitosis-stage #2 of the cell cycle.
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1. Anaphase- two chromatid separate and become stretched out as opposite ends pull apart
2. telophase - the chromosomes gin to stretch out and lose their rodlike appearance. a new nuclear membrane forms around each region of chromosomes |
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What happens during Cytokinesis#3 stage and last?
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The cytoplasm divides distributing the organelles into the 2 new cells
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What is chromosome?
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a doubled rod of condensed chromatin
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What is chromatid?
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each identical rod or strand or the chromosome
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What does the length of cell cycle depend on?
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the type of organism and cell
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What process ensures that each daughter cell will have all of the genetic information it needs to carry out its activities.
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DNA REPLICATION
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What is the structure of DNA like?
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A twisted ladder called a double helix
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When does the replication process begin?
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When the two sides of the DNA unwind and separate.
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