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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happens if you break a magnet in half?
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You get two smaller magnets
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What is a magnetic pole?
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The end of a magnet where the magnetic force is the strongest
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What is a magnetic field?
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The area of a magnetic where force is exerted.
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Give an example of a common ferromagnetic material
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nickel
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What do magnetic field lines look like around a bar magnet?
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They start at the North Pole and go in an oval to the south pole
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Where is the magnetic pole in the northern hemisphere?
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It is located in Canada, 1250 kilometers from the geographic north pole
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What is an electron?
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A negative electric charge found outside the nucleus of an atom.
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What is the magnetosphere?
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The region of Earth's magnetic field shaped by solar wind.
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When molten material hardens into the rock on the ocean floor, what happens to the domains of iron it contains?
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The domains line up with Earth's magnetic field.
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What are the Van Allen Belts?
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Two doughnut-shaped regions 1,000 to 25,000 kilometers above Earth's surface that contains electrons and protons traveling at high speeds
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What are magnetic domains?
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A grouping of atoms that have their magnetic fields aligned.
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What is a magnet?
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Any material that attracts iron and materials that contain iron.
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What causes Earth's magnetism?
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The circulation of molten material in the Earth's core.
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Essay: Why might a permanent magnet become magnetized if it is dropped?
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When a magnet is dropped, it may have its magnetic domains knocked out of places. The material can not be magnetic without its magnetic domains in line. You have to re-align the magnetic domains to make the material magnetic.
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What is static discharge?
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The loss of static electricity as electric charges transfer from one object to another.
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What causes charges to move in a circuit?
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Voltage
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What is a short circuit?
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A connection that allows current to take the path of least resistance.
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What is a series circuit?
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All of the parts of an electric circuit one after another along a path. There is only one path for the current to take.
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What is a parallel circuit?
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Different parts of the circuit are on separate branches. There are several paths for the current to take.
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What is a proton?
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A positive electric charge that is part of an atom's nucleus.
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What is an electroscope?
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A device used to detect the presence of a charge.
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What are conductors?
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A material in which charges can flow easily.
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What are insulators?
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A material through which charges can not flow easily.
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Give an example of an insulator.
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RUBBER, sand, plastic, wood
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What is an ampere?
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A unit for electric current.
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What is a volt?
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The unit of measure of voltage.
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What is a terminal?
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A convenient attachment point used to connect a cell or battery to a circuit.
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Essay: How are conduction and induction alike and how are they different?
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Conduction and induction both charge when objects touch one another. However when you induct, they don't touch- the objects only have to touch in the electric field, while in conduction, the two objects have to touch.
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What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth's layers?
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Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
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When the heat source is removed from a fluid, what happens to convection currents?
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They eventually stop.
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Explain Wegner's theory of continental drift.
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Wegner hypothesized that all continents were once joined together in a single landmass and have since moved apart.
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How did scientists discover that rocks farther away from the mid-ocean ridge are closer than those near it?
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By determining the age of rock sample obtained by drilling in the sea floor.
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What did scientists in a submersible see when they observed the mid-ocean ridge?
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Rocks formed by the rapid hardening of molten material.
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Why is old oceanic crust more dense than new oceanic crust?
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It is cool.
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What is a rift valley? Where does it form?
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A deep valley that forms where two plates move apart at a divergent plate boundary.
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What is a fossil?
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Any trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock.
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What is conduction?
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Heat transfer within a material or between materials that are touching.
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What is convection?
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Heat transfer by the movement of currents within a fluid.
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What is radiation?
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The transfer of energy through space.
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What is a divergent boundary?
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The place where two plates move toward each other.
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What is a divergent boundary?
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The place where two plates move apart.
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What is a transform boundary?
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A place where two plates move past each other, moving in opposite directions.
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What is a convergent boundary?
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A place where two plates move toward each other.
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Where are the youngest rocks of the ocean floor found?
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Closest to the mid-ocean ridge.
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What are seismic waves?
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Vibrations produced by earthquakes.
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Essay: Compare and Contrast the outer core and the inner core
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The outer core is liquid. The inner core is solid. There are no convection currents in the inner core.
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What is work measured in?
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Work is measured in joules.
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What is mechanical advantage?
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The number of times a machine increases a force exerted on it.
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What happens to input work and output work if there is no friction?
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There would be equal input work and output work.
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What is the efficiency if an ideal machine?
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100% Efficiency
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What is an inclined plane? Give an example.
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A flat, sloped surface. A ramp is an example.
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What is a wedge? Give an example.
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A device that is thick at one end and tapers to a thin edge at the other. An example is an ax.
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What is a lever? Give an example.
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A rigid bar that is free to pivot or rotate on a fixed point. An example is a seesaw.
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What is a pulley? Give an example.
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A simple machine made up of a grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around it. An example is a crane.
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The ideal machine advantage for an inclined plane is equal to the length of the inclined plane divided by the _____________
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Height of the incline.
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Give an example of a third-class lever.
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A fishing pole.
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What is an inclined plane? Give an example.
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A flat, sloped surface. A ramp is an example.
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What is a wedge? Give an example.
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A device that is thick at one end and tapers to a thin edge at the other. An example is an ax.
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What is a lever? Give an example.
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A rigid bar that is free to pivot or rotate on a fixed point. An example is a seesaw.
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What is a pulley? Give an example.
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A simple machine made up of a grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around it. An example is a crane.
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The ideal machine advantage for an inclined plane is equal to the length of the inclined plane divided by the _____________
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Height of the incline.
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Give an example of a third-class lever.
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A fishing pole.
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The ideal machine advantage of a wheel and axle is equal to _______
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the radius of the wheel divided by the radius of the axle.
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What is a compound machine?
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A machine that utilizes two or more simple machines. An example is a bicycle.
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Which body parts are shaped like wedges?
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Your front teeth (incisors)
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What is a fulcrum?
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The fixed point that a lever pivots around.
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How can a hockey stick be considered a machine?
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It multiplies distance
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What is the mechanical advantage of a machine that changes only the direction of force?
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1
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How do you calculate the ideal mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle?
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The radius of the wheel divided by the radius of the axle.
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When you raise your leg, which part of the leg acts as a fulcrum for the upper leg?
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Your hip
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What is the formula for calculating power?
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Work divided by Time
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What is a simple machine?
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A machine that helps you do work by changing the amount or direction of the force you apply.
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Essay: A bricklayer lifts a stack of bricks onto his shoulder, carries it across a room, and then lifts the bricks onto a ledge above his head. Explain if work is being done in each of these three situations.
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The bricklayer is doing work when he lifts the bricks onto his shoulder because the bricks are going in the same direction of his force. He is not doing work when he carries them across the room because he is not exerting a force onto the bricks. When he lifts the bricks onto a ledge above his head, he is doing work because he is exerting a force onto the bricks to make them move up, and to bricks are moving up, so the brick layer is doing work when he lifts the bricks onto a ledge above his head.
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