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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 division of the autonomic nervous system (ans)
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sympathetic nervous system - parasympathetic nervous system
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sympathetic nervous system is the "____ or ____" system activated in ____ situation
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"fight or flight" - emergency
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sympathetic n.s.. ____ heart rate
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increase
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sympathetic n.s. dilate ____ ____ & ____
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bronchial tubes - pupils
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sympathetic n.s.. constrict the blood vessels to the ____ ____
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digestive system
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sympathetic n.s.. stimulates secretion of ____ & ____ from the adrenal gland
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epinephrine - norepinephrine
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sympathetic n.s.. inhibits
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digestion
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sympathetic n.s.. aids ____ in males ("feed & breed" system)
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ejaculation
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neurons in the sympathetic n.s.. emerge through the ventral roots of spinal nerves ____-____ (thoracolumbar outflow)
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T1-L2
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preganglionic sympathetic neuron bodies are in the ____ ____ of the spinal cord at the ____-____ levels
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lateral horns - T1-L2
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preganglionic sympathetic axons are short/long?
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short
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preganglionic sympathetic function route
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preganglionic - ventral roots - spinal nerve - white ramus communicantes
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preganglionic sympathetic neuron synapse with a postganglionic neuron in the ____ chain ganglia
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paravertebral
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paravertebral chain ganglia is located ____ to the spinal cord on both sides
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lateral
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how many pairs of paravertebral ganglia on lateral sides of vertebral columns
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22-23
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preganglionic fibers ____ or ____ within the chain to synapse within a ganglion & a different level
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ascend - descend
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some sympathetic preganglionic fibers pass through the chain ganglion without ____
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synapsing
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sympathetic preganglionic fibers that pass through the chain ganglion without synapsing are called ____
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splanchnic nerves
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sympathetic splanchnic nerves synapse in ganglia anterior to the ____ ____ (near aorta)
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vertebral column
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ganglion in sympathetic splanchnic nerves are called
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prevertebral or collateral ganglia
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sympathetic splanchnic nerves innervate ____ muscles of the ____ & ____ viscera & their ____ ____
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smooth - abdominal - pelvic - blood vessels
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all sympathetic preganglionic neurons release ____ as a neurotransmitter (cholinergic)
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acetylcholine
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in postganglionic sympathetic neurons, axons are short/long?
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long
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postganglionic sympathetic axons exit paravertebral ganglia via the ____ ____ ____ (unmyelinated & re-enter spinal n.)
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gray rami communicantes
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after postganglionic sympathetic axons exit paravertebral ganglia, they continue on to ____ (viscera, blood vessels, sweat glands)
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effectors
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postganglionic sympathetic neurons exit the paravertebral ganglia to innervate (3)
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viscera - blood vessels - sweat glands
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gray rami communicantes in postganglionic sympathetic axons are ____ (myelinated or unmyelinated)
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unmyelinated
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postganglionic sympathetic neurons release ____ (adrenergic) with the exception of neurons to the ____ ____ & ____ ____ (cholinergic)
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norepinephrine - blood vessels - sweat glands
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adrenal medulla is innervated by
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preganglionic sympathetic neuron
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adrenal medulla causes release of ____ & ____ into the ____
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epinephrine - norepinephrine - bloodstream
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adrenal medulla has the same effect as the ____ system but last ____-____ times longer
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sympathetic - 5-10
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epinephrine & norepinephrine have ____ effects on the body
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similar
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____ has a greater effect on cardiac stimulation
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epinephrine
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epinephrine raises ____ ____ & increases ____ ____
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blood pressure - metabolic rate
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both epinephrine & norepinephrine are secreted by ____ ____ in response to ____ stimulation
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adrenal medulla - sympathetic
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