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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Patois
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dialect, "peasant language" (french)
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national languages were adapted but peasants continued to use prior language (patois)
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Nonconformists
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succeeded Puritans, developed a middle class culture that was different from the culture of the Anglican getnry
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"Gin Lane"
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alcohol consumption/coffee more popular
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social gathering place
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Carnival
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several weeks before lent, "carne vale" - "farewell to meat"
concluded with Mardi Gras |
originally everyone toke part, elite began to move away from because of politeness
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"Mardi Gras"
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last day of carnival before lent
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"The World Turned Upside Down"
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common theme for carnival
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men/women switched clothes, road horses backwards
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Domestic System
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included people who worked characteristically in their own homes, employed as wage earners by merchants
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East India Company
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established to do business in America, the East,...
reorganized by Scots, Swedes, & Danes |
"Indies" - vast regions overseas
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Plantation Economy
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originally sugar, later cotton
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economic unit consisting of a considerable tract of land, sizable investment capital, owned by European absentees, force of impressed labor (Slaves)
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Transatlantic Slave Trade
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America, Britain, & Africa
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unfinished products, slaves, produced goods
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capitalists
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new wealth, widely distributed; standard of living rose in Western Europe in the 18th century
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persons who had little savings which they used to buy a parcel of land or a loom or entrusted to some other person to invest at interest
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private property
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owned by private persons
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government dependent, only source of revenue except taxes & loans derived from these people
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Thomas Pitt
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"Diamond" Pitt, son of clergy man
"interloper" - traded in defiance of the legal monopoly of the EIC (East Company); bought a diamond sold to the French Crown |
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Jean-Joseph Laborde
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bourgeoisie family
vast plantation & slave holdings in Santo Domingo sugar trade, leading Banker in Paris, real estate Invested in the American Revolution Contributed to the French Revolution |
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Duke of Orleans
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government entrusted to elder cousin of king, share power with nobles
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the Regency
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conceded much influence to the Parlement of Paris, utilizing it to modify the will of Louis XIV
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"South Sea Bubble"
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English
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"Mississippi Bubble"
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French
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James III
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catholic, "the Pretender", Whigs Against, returning him to the trhone
believed he would undo - limited monarchy, parliamentary supremacy, rule of law, toleration of dissenting Protestants |
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Jacobites
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James III's followers, rallied unsuccessfully during the civil war
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John Law
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founded French central bank, organized "compagne d'accident" (Mississippi Company);
sold shares & improved taxes --> very popular - people feared sold crashed similar to British "South Sea Company" |
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Cardinal Fleury
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replaced John Law
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not one to initiate programs for a distant future
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the "Bubble Act"
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forbade all companies except those chartered by the government to raise capitol by sale of stocks
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Robert Walpole
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"first prime minister"
architect of cabinet government made sure majority of common always supported him |
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cabinet government
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body of ministers bound to each other & the prime minister
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obligated to follow the same policies & to stand and fall as a group
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Frederick II
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literary and military leader of Prussia;
"the Great" son of Frederick William I |
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Maria Theresa
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daughter of Frederick I, capable ruler,
methodical way - accomplished more than contemporaries |
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The Pragmatic Sanction
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general agreement signed by the European powers (including Prussia);
had stipulated that all domains of the AUstrian Hapsburgs should be inherited integrally by Maria Theresa |
disregarded by most
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Peace of Aix-le Chappelle
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status quo - returned everything to how it had been before the War of the Austrian Succession
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Diplomatic Revolution
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"reversal of Alliances"
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Count Kaunitz
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Maria Theresa's foreign minister,
most artful diplomat of the century |
proposed alliance between Austria and France (Marie Antoinette)
--> alliance between Prussia & England ------> 7 Years War |
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Peace of Hubertusburg
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Frederick (Austria) - didn't loose anything, retained Silesia
just Prussia vs. Austria |
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William Pitt
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led British, concentrated effort on navy and colonies
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French & Indian War
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British vs French in colonies;
part of 7 Years War |
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"Mahratta Confederacy"
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Hindu princes formed against the Muslim Emperor at Delhi
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Dupleix
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built French company into a local power, using french troops to train native sepoys to fight
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Sepoys
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trade forts along coasts of India, independent states, only desiring trade not territory; British & French
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Robert Clive
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assisted British East India Company; won battle of Plassey (1757),
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"Black Hole of Calcutta"
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293
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Peace Settlement of 1763
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taking huge reparations from france, French parts at the mercy of the British, who controlled the seas
7 Years War |
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popular cultures
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not necessary poor, can't move up without transformation
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